Objective To assess the effectiveness of arthroscopic debridement techniques for osteoarthrosis of the elbow in nonathlete patients. Methods Twenty-six nonathlete patients with elbow osteoarthrosis were treated with arthroscopic debridement from January 1999 to January 2006.Of the 26 patients,23 were followed for 4～86 months (mean,23 months).All of the 23 patients had complained of pain and loss of elbow motion and 4 patients had symptoms of ulnar neuritis. The Mayo Elbow Performance Score was used as evaluation criteria of the efficacy. Results Twenty-three patients were followed for 4～86 months (mean, 23 months). Twenty elbows (87%) were not painful or were only mildly painful, and three (13%) were moderately painful. The mean arc of flexion-extension was improved from 99.6? (range, 65?～135?) preoperatively to 122.1? (range, 80?～150?) at the time of follow-up. According to the Mayo Elbow Performance Score, the result was excellent in 16 elbows, good in 4, and fair in 3, with a rate of excellent or good results of 87%. Symptoms of ulnar neuritis disappeared in the 3 patients and continued without aggravation in the remaining 1 patient. Fourteen patients were greatly satisfied with the results, 6 satisfied, and 3 unsatisfied, the satisfactory rate being 87%. One patient reported a delayed ulnar nerve symptoms after operation. Conclusions Arthroscopic debridement techniques for elbow osteoarthrosis in nonathlete patients can yield satisfactory pain relief, significant increase in the range of motion, and quick recovery.

ObjectiveTo comparethetherapeutic efficaciesofaconite-cake-partitionedmoxibustionat different frequencies in treatingbenign prostatic hyperplasiadue tokidney-yangdeficiency.MethodEightypatientswere randomized into four groups:control group,treatment group1(moxibustiononceper day),treatmentgroup2(moxibustiontwiceper day), andtreatmentgroup3 (moxibustiononce every other day).TheInternational prostate symptom score (I-PSS), TCM syndrome score, maximum flow rate of urine (Qmax) and bladder residual urine volume (PVR) were observedbefore and after intervention.ResultAfter treatment,the improvement of theInternational prostate symptom scoreandTCM syndrome score,increase of Qmax and decrease of PVR were found in the three treatment groups, while the therapeutic efficacy in treatment group 1 was more significant than that in the rest groups. The total effective rate was 70.0% in the control group, 85.0% in treatment group 1, 80.0% in treatment group 2, and 65.0%in treatment group 3.ConclusionAconite-cake-partitionedmoxibustionat different frequenciescan produce therapeutic efficacies to different extent in treatingbenign prostatic hyperplasiadue tokidney-yangdeficiency, and the comprehensive analysis shows that the optimal frequency is once per day.

Objective To improve the diagnosis and treatment of upper urinary tract hematuria. Methods A total of 121 patients with hematuria who had undergone B-utrasonography,KUB plus IVU,CT and cystoscopy were suspected of hematuria from upper urinary tract.For these cases ureterorenoscopy was performed to establish the diagnosis and to conduct specific therapies. Results The diagnostic accordance rate was 92%(111/121).Among these cases,ureteral small stones in middle and lower segments were found in 45 cases;renal pelvis and ureteral tumors in 32 cases;renal hemorrhagic diseases in 19 cases and ureteral polyps in 15 cases.19 cases who had renal hemorrhagic diseases and 10 who had no definite lesions received specific therapies were followed up for 6 to 8 months.The long-term successful rate was 79%(23/29). Conclusions The application of ureterorenoscopy for the management of upper urinary tract hematuria is quite effective and worthy of widespread application.

Antitumor effects of erythromycin and the related mechanism were investigated in the present study. Neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) were exposed to erythromycin at different concentrations for different durations. Cell proliferation was measured by cell counting, and cell viability was examined by MTT assay. Cell cycle phase distribution and the cytosolic calcium level were detected by flow cytometry. Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by the JC-1 probe staining and fluorescent microscopy. The expression of an oncogene (c-Myc) and a tumor suppressor [p21 (WAF1/Cip1)] proteins was analyzed by using Western blotting. Erythromycin could inhibit the proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The cell cycle was arrested at S phase. Mitochondrial membrane potential collapsed and the cytosolic calcium was overloaded in SH-SY5Y cells when treated with erythromycin. The expression of c-Myc protein was down-regulated, while that of p21 (WAF1/Cip1) protein was up-regulated. It was concluded that erythromycin could restrain the proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells. The antitumor mechanism of erythromycin might involve regulating the expression of c-Myc and p21 (WAF1/Cip1) proteins.

Objective To study the protective mechanism of dl-3-n butylphthalide (NBP)on oxidative stress injury induced by hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)in rat bone marrow stem cells(rBMSCs).Methods The rBMSCs were divided into control,H2O2 and different concentration NBP pretreatment groups.The control group received no treatment.An oxidative stress injury model was induced by H2O2 for 4 hours with the final concentration 600 μmol/L in the H2O2 group.In the NBP pretreatment groups,the rBMSCs were pretreated with different NBP concentrations(0.1,1,10,and 100 μmol/L)for 24 hours,then treated with H2O2 for 4 hours with the final concentration 600 μmol/L.The cell viability was detected by MTT method.The apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry.Superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity and malondialdehyde(MDA)content were measured with SOD and MDA commercial kits.Results The cell activity(A)was 0.487 ±0.018 in the H2O2 group,and it was significantly lower than 0.750 ±0.016 in the control group(P =0.000);they were 0.597 ±0.024,0.666 ±0.033,and 0.658 ±0.012 in the NBP 1,10,and 100 μmol/L pretreatment groups,they were all significantly higher than the H2O2 group(all P =0.000),and showed a dose dependent manner.The apoptosis rate was(44.96 ± 2.84)% in the H2O2 group,and it was significantly higher than (0.15 ±0.07)% in the control group(P= 0.000).The apoptosis rates were(31.79±1.60)% 、(21.41 ± 1.92)% and(22.59 ± 1.78)% in the NBP 1,10,and 100 μmol/L pretreatment groups,they were all significantly lower than the H2O2 groups(all P= 0.000),and showed a dose-dependent manner.The SOD activity was(24.01 ± 2.85)U/mg in the H2O2 group(P = 0.000),and it was significantly lower than(43.58 ± 2.72)U/mg in the control group(P =0.000);they were(28.29 ± 1.19),(34.06 ± 1.83),and(31.76 ± 1.75)U/mg in the NBP 1,10,and 100 μmol/L pretreatment groups,and they were all significantly higher than the H2O2 group(all P = 0.000).The MDA content was(7.98 ± 0.55)nmol/mg in the H2O2 group,and it was significantly higher than(4.73 ± 0.53)nmol/mg in the control group(P =0.000);they were(6.97 ±0.29),6.09 ±0.28),and(6.15 ±0.41)nmol/mg,respectively in the NBP 1,10,and 100 μmol/L pretreatment groups(P = 0.000),they were significantly lower than the H2O2 group,and showed a dose-dependent manner.Conclusions NBP has obvious protective effects on oxidative stress injury induced by H2O2 in rBMSCs.Its mechanism may be associated with the role of antioxidant oxidative stress of NBP.

Objective To evaluate the value of renal parenchymal volume and thickness by non-contrast spiral CT in evaluating the differential glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for chronic obstructed kidneys, and to compare the correlations between the two morphologic indices of renal parenchyma and the GFR for chronic obstructed kidneys. Methods Seventy-one patients who had a diagnosis of unilateral chronic upper urinary tract obstruction were included in this analysis. (1) The renal parenchymal volume was mea-sured by non-contrast spiral CT. Both kidneys were scanned by non-contrast spiral CT. The renal parenchymal area of each section was marked manually. Renal parenchymal volume was calculated as the sum of renal parenchymal area multiplied by the width of each section. The volume percentage of obstructed kidney (%CTvol) was also calculated. (2) Renal parenchymal thickness was measured on the first and last non-contrast CT image levels from the anterior, posterior and lateral locations of the kidney that clearly contained the collecting system. The mean of these measurements was defined as the renal parenchymal thickness. The differential renal parenchymal thickness of the obstructed kidney (%CTt) was defined as the percentage of the obstructed renal parenchymal thickness to the total renal parenchymal thickness for both kidneys. GFR was determined with 99Tcm-DTPA dynamic imaging system by Gates method. The differential GFR for obstructed kidney (%GFR) was the GFR percentage of obstructed kidney to the total GFR for both kidneys. The Pearson relation test was carried out between the %CTvol, %CTt and the %GFR respectively. Results %CTvol and %CTt correlated well with %GFR in chronic obstructed kidneys among the 71 test group patients. Pearson correlation coefficient r was 0.80 (t=11.20, P＜0.05) and 0.66 (t=7.24, P＜0.05), respectively. The linear correlation equation respectively was %GFR=0.05+0.80×%CTvol (F=125.48, P＜0.05) and %GFR=0.12+0.66×%CTt (F=52.36, P＜0.05). Conclusions Renal parenchymal volume and thickness by non-contrast spiral CT might be used as clinical practical parameters to evaluate the differential GFR for chronic obstructed kidneys. Renal parenchymal volume is more accurate than renal parenchymal thickness.

Objective To investigate the approach and safety of minimally invasive surgical procedures treating symptomatic caliceal diverticular calculi. Methods Clinical data of 21 cases with symptomatic caliceal diverticular calculi were retrospectively reviewed. Twelve females and 9 males aged 22 to 57 years old. The average diameter of caliceal diverticulum was 3.7 cm (2.5-7.0 cm) and average diameter of calculi was 2.3 cm (0.8-3.5 cm). The patients underwent flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy, PCNL or mPCNL, laparoscopic techniques and laparoscopy-assisted transperitoneal PCNL, respectively. Four cases underwent flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy. PCNL (2 cases) or mPCNL(5 cases)were performed in 7 cases. Nine cases underwent laparoscopic techniques. Laparoscopyassisted transperitoneal PCNL was performed in 1 case. Results The operations were performed successfully in 21 cases. No case need to transfer to open surgery during the operation and no major complications like perforation or organic injury were noted. One case with iatrogenic arteriovenous fistula of the kidney after 1 week postoperative was cured by delayed hemorrhage 2 days later, while clinical symptoms of 2 cases with residue calculi relieved. 19 cases without residue calculi were followed up for 6 to 12 month without recurrence. Conclusions After handling indication of treatment efficiently and creating advisable therapeutic decision-making, minimally invasive surgical procedures treating symptomatic caliceal diverticular calculi appears to be effective and safe.

Objective To evaluate the effect of transurethral feedback microwave thermotherapy with the ProstaLund CoreTherm Device(PLFT) in high risk patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Methods Sixty-six high risk patients diagnosed with BPH, including aged ≥80 in 32 pa-tients, hypertension in 31 patients, diabetes in 5 patients, heart failure in 8 patients, chronic obstruc-tive pulmonary disease in 8 patients, cerebral infarction in 11 patients, fracture, amputation or joint stiffness unsuitable for lithotomy position in 3 patients, abnormal blood coagulation in 4 patients, pan-creatitis in 2 patients, cardiac arrhythmia in 6 patients and malignant tumor in 3 patients, were treated with PLFT using individual power at urethral local anesthesia, resulting in coagulation necrosis in 15%-30% of prostate tissue around urethra. Meanwhile, real-time monitoring the temperature of prostate and the tissue around it was used. All patients were evaluated by comparing volume of pros-tate, maximal urinary flow (Q_max), international prostate symptom score (IPSS) and quality of life questionnaire (QOL) in pre-treatment and three months after respectively. Results All of patients well tolerated PLFT. There was bleeding lightly, infection lightly and temporary incontinence. There was no severe surgical complication. After three months, the volume of prostate reduced from 62. 2 ml to 44.5 ml; IPSS decreased from 23. 4 to 11.7; QOL decreased from 4.5 to 2.4; Q_max rised from 4, 2 ml/s to 11.2 ml/s. All differences reached significance. Conclusion PLFT is one of effective and safe treatments for patients with BPH especial BPH complicating with severe conditions.

[Abstract] Objective To define the age-specific normal reference values of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and related parameters in Chinese middle-aged and elderly men.Methods From April 2007 to November 2011,serum PSAs of over 22 055 men aged more than 40 years old in our medical examination center were statistically analyzed.The men was divided into five groups by a 10-year-old interval.Total PSA (tPSA),free PSA (fPSA) and prostate ultrasound results were recorded.The free-total PSA ratio (f/t),PSA density (PSAD) and PSA velocity (PSAV) were calculated.By convention,the 95th percentile (P95)was used as the upper limit value,and the 5th percentile (P5) as the lower limit value.Results The tPSAs were positively correlated with age (r=0.349,P＜0.001).f/t was negatively correlated with age (r=-0.154,P＜0.01).Although f/t was significantly different (P＜0.001) among each age group,P5 of all groups were 0.18.PSAD was significantly different (P＜0.001) between men over and under 70 years,with P95 as 0.09 and 0.15,respectively.PSAD had a positive correlation with age (r =0.263,P＜0.01).The significant difference of PSAV raised between men over and under 60 years,with P95 as 0.21 and 0.58,respectively.PSAV was positively correlated with age (r=0.130,P＜0.01).Conclusions PSA,PSAD and PSAV are positively correlated with age,while f/t is negatively correlated with age.The normal range of f/tis 0.18-1.00 for Chinese men over 40 years old.PSAD's normal ranges are ＜0.09 and ＜0.15 in Chinese men over and under 70 years,respectively.The normal range of PSAV are ＜0.21 and ＜0.58 for Chinese men over and under 60 years,respectively.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the ADAM gene expression and unknown reason infertile patients. Methods With RT-PCR mehtod, we checked from normal group semen 30 cases and infertile group semen 30 cases in order to know the ADAM1,2,3,32 mRNA expression. Results there are the ADAM1,2,3,32 gene expression in all 30 cases of normal group whereas in 30 cases infertile patients there exists 1 case ADAM1,2,32 lacking expression, 1 case ADAM2,32 lacking expression, 1 case ADAM1 and 1 case ADAM3 lacking expression. Conclusions The lacking of ADAM1,2,3,32 may be one of the most reasons which cause the infertility.