In this paper a new type of cerebral circulation is introduced, including the basic principal, parameter algorithms and equipment design. The analyzer is developed on the basis of previous cerebral circulation analyzer and combined with the latest development of hemodynamics. It has the advantages of previous analyzer and overcomes its shortcomings frequently encountered in clinical that unable to finish the analysis without detection of all the intracranial vessels. It provides new functional module and adds indices such as hydraulic power, carotidshear stress, comprehensive index etc. This analyzer can be used for cerebral circulation dynamic analysis and auxiliary diagnosis of cerebrovascular diseases.
Algorithms ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; diagnosis ; Equipment Design ; Hemodynamics ; Humans

Background:Clinical and epidemiological studies revealed that estrogen replacement therapy was associated with a significant reduction in risk of colorectal cancer in postmenopausal women.In our previous studies,estrogen increased the expression of mismatch repair (MMR)gene MLH1 in colonic cancer cells,and re-expression of MLH1 in MLH-deficient colonic cancer cells significantly increased the estrogen-induced apoptosis.Aims:To investigate the signaling pathway implicated in the MLH1-mediated apoptosis in colonic cancer cells induced by estrogen and the roles of p53 and its related genes in this apoptotic pathway.Methods:Plasmid containing wild type human MLH1 (hMLH1)full length cDNA was transfected into MLH1-deficient human colonic cancer cell line HCT116.By using HCT116 cells transfected with empty plasmid as controls,the apoptotic DNA ladder was determined by electrophoresis and the expressions of p53 and other apoptosis-related proteins were assessed by Western blotting under the condition with or without estrogen stimulation. Results:17β-estradiol (E2 )at the concentration of 10 -8 mol/L induced significant apoptosis in HCT116 cells transfected with hMLH1.In HCT116 cells transfected with hMLH1 and stimulated with E2 (group D),the protein expressions of caspase-3,caspase-9,p53,Bax and cytoplasmic cytochrome C increased significantly when compared with HCT116 cells stimulated with E2 only (group B);expressions of the abovementioned proteins were also higher in group D than in group C (transfected with hMLH1 only).Conclusions:MMR gene MLH1 is involved in estrogen-induced apoptosis of human colonic cancer cell line HCT116 by activating p53 signaling and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.

Objective:To investigate the possibility for human papillomavirus (HPV)infection to be a predictable signal for the carcinogenesis of oral mucosa by comparing the prevalences of HPV in each stage of oral mucosal carcinogenesis and to compare the sensitivity differences of the two methods in de-tecting HPV infection in oral cavity.Methods:The hybrid capture (HC-Ⅱ)was used to detect infection of HPV in 255 samples taken from 1 2 cases of healthy oral mucosa,21 1 cases of patients with pathologi-cal diagnosis and 32 cases of patients with clinical diagnosis.The diagnosed cases included 8 cases of be-nign lesions of the oral mucosa,precancerous lesions [74 cases of oral leukoplakia (OLK)with hyper-plasia and 42 cases of OLK with oral epithelial dysplasia (OED)],91 cases of precancerous condition
[oral lichen planus (OLP)]and 28 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).And in situ hybri-dization (ISH)was used to detect infection of HPV in 33 cases of OSCC and 76 cases of OLK,including 30 cases of hyperplasia,1 5 cases of mild OED,1 5 cases of moderate OED and 1 6 cases of severe OED. Results:The prevalence of HPV in OLP samples was higher (1 2.1 2%,8/66 )than that of OLK (2.59%,3/1 1 6)(χ2 =4.666,P=0.031 )and OSCC(7.1 4%,2/28,χ2 =0.51 3,P=0.474).The prevalence of HPV in OSCC (7.1 4%,2/28)was higher than that of OLK (2.59%,3/1 1 6),and no significant difference was found.There was only one case of smoke spot and statistical analysis was not carried out.ISH was used to detect type 1 6/1 8 and type 31 /33 HPV DNA in 1 09 cases of oral mucosal lesions in paraffin sections and only one case of OSCC was HPV positive.Thirty-seven cases were detec-ted by HC-Ⅱ and ISH methods at the same time.The same negative results by the two methods were found in 94.6% samples (35/37).In the other two samples,one was OSCC with early infiltration and the other was OLK with hyperplasia,The HC-Ⅱ results were positive while the ISH results were nega-tive.The patients with OLP and HPV testing results were followed up and the average follow-up period was (36.2 ±1 0.5)months.It was found that three of them had a malignant transformation,and the ma-lignant transformation rate of HPV positive patients was 1 2.50% (1 /8),which was higher than that of HPV negative patients (3.45%,2/58),and the difference was not statistically significant,P=0.249. Conclusion:HC-Ⅱ assay was more sensitive in detecting HPV infection of oral mucosal lesions than ISH.The results of this study showed that there was insufficient evidence for taking HPV infection as a predictor of OLK carcinogenesis.Patients suffering from OLP were in a precancerous condition.The pre-valence of HPV in OLP patients of this study was higher than that in OLK and OSCC patients,suggesting that for some reason,OLP patients were susceptible to HPV.HPV testing can be considered as routine in patients with OLP,and HC-Ⅱassay was recommended.And patients with OLP and HPV positive should be followed up regularly.

Objective To observe the effects of MSH2 gene re expression on estrogen-induced apoptosis of colon cancer cells LOVO,and to explore its mechanisms.Methods According to different plasmid and whether with estradiol intervention,colon cancer LOVO cells were divided into empty plasmid with ethanol group,empty plasmid with estradiol group,MSH2 with ethanol group,MSH2 with estradiol group,estrogen receptor (ER) β with ethanol group,ERβ with estradiol group,ERβ with MSH2 and ethanol group and ERβ with MSH2 and estradiol group,and received corresponding treatment.The expression of MSH2,ERβ protein and apoptosis related caspase 3 protein were detected by Western blotting.Cell viability was measured by cell counting kit-8.Cell DNA fragments of each group were isolated with apoptosis DNA fragments isolation kit.And the DNA ladder was observed.The rate of apoptosis was detected by flow cytometer.Single factor variance analysis was performed for comparison among multiple groups,and t test was used for comparison between the two groups.Results After transfection,the expression of the MSH2 and ERβ at protein level in LOVO cells significantly increased and neither of their expression was effected by estradiol.The expression levels of caspase 3 cleavaged active fragments of ERβ with estradiol group and ERβ with MSH2 and ethanol group were higher than other groups,and there was no significant difference between these two groups.The LOVO cell viability of empty plasmid with ethanol group,empty plasmid with estradiol group,MSH2 with ethanol group,MSH2 with estradiol group,ERβ with ethanol group,ERβ with estradiol group,ERβ with MSH2 and ethanol group and ERβ with MSH2 and estradiol group was 1.72 ±0.25,1.74 ± 0.31,1.77 ± 0.35,1.74±0.33,1.70±0.34,1.02±0.48,1.71±0.31 and 1.07±0.18,respectively,and the differences between the groups were statistically significant (F=3.791,P＜0.05).Among them,the LOVO cell viability of ERβ with estradiol group was lower than that of ERβ with ethanol group,accordingly,that of ERβ with MSH2 and estradiol group was lower than that of ERβ with MSH2 and ethanol group,that of ERβ with estradiol group was lower than that of empty plasmid with estradiol group,that of ERβ with MSH2 and estradiol group was lower than that of MSH2 with estradiol group,and the differences were statistically significant (t=3.158,3.075,3.648,3.253,all P＜0.05).DNA ladder formed from DNA fragments of apoptosis cells was seen in ERβ with estradiol group and ERβ with MSH2 and estradiol group.The apoptosis rate of empty plasmid with ethanol group,empty plasmid with estradiol group,MSH2 with ethanol group,MSH2 with estradiol group,ERβ with ethanol group,ERβ with estradiol group,ERβ with MSH2 and ethanol group and ERβ with MSH2 and estradiol group was 7.86±0.19,7.87±0.39,8.39±1.02,9.05±1.54,7.54±0.99,19.77±2.35,7.76±1.32 and 19.30±1.75,respectively,and the differences between groups were statistically significant (F=45.436,P＜0.05).Among them,the apoptosis rate of ERβ with ethanol group was lower than that of ERβ with estradiol group,that of ERβ with MSH2 and ethanol group was lower than that of ERβ with MSH2 and estradiol group,that of empty plasmid with estradiol group was lower than that of ERβ with estradiol group,that of ERβ with MSH2 and estradiol group was lower than that of MSH2 with estradiol group,and the differences were statistically significant (t =8.260,9.133,8.596,7.617,all P＜ 0.05).Conclusions Estrogen may promote colon cancer cell apoptosis through ERβ pathway.The process of apoptosis maybe related with caspase protein,MSH2 may not be involved in the regulation of this signal pathway.

Objective To investigate the effects of estrogen on mismatch repiar gene expression in colonic mucosa in vivo. Methods A total of 42 healthy individuals underwent colonoscopy were enrolled in the study. Half an hour before colonoscopy examination, blood sample was taken for determining the serum estradiol (E2) level. N ormal colonic mucosal tissues determined by naked eye under colonoscopy examination were taken in the right hemi colon to detect HMLH1 and hMSH2 gene expression by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry staining. Then the correlation of serum E2 levels with hMLH1 and hMSH2 expression in colonic mucosa was analyzed. Results A bimodal curve was presented for the correlation between serum E2 level in healthy individuals and hMLH1 expression in colonic mucosa. A strong positive correlation of E2 level with hMLH1 expression in normal colonic mucosa was observed when serum E2 level was more than 45 pg/ml (For mRNA, P=0. 003, r=0. 701; for immunohistochemistry positivity index, P=0. 000, r=0. 874).However there was no correlation between E2 level and hMSH2 expression. Conclusion High serum E2 level might increase the hMLH1 gene expression in colonic mucosa in vivo.

Objective To understand the mental health status of officers and soldiers (OSs) in a Chinese army unit,and analyze its relationship with Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection.Methods Cross sectional extraction of 1293 male soldiers from a certain unit of Chinese army in September 2015,aged 17-37 years old,average age 20.5 ± 3.2.Using the symptom self rating scale (SCL-90) to conduct a psychological evaluation,comparison between the evaluation results and the Chinese military norm was conducted to understand the mental health status of OSs in the unit.13C-urea breath test was used to detect H.pylori infection,and the relationship between the positivity rate of various factors,the SCL-90 score and H.pylori infection were analyzed.Ninety OSs who had desire to eradicate H.pylori serves as the experimental group,and 90 H.pylori-infected OSs as control group.The experimental group received quadruple-drug eradication therapy,control group received no drug treatment.SCL-90 scores before and after the treatment were compared,and SCL-90 scores after treatment in the experimental group and those in the control group were also compared for analyzing the relationship between the OSs psychological status and H.pylori infection.Results The SCL-90 score of the OSs was lower than the norm of Chinese army,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The psychological screening positive rate was higher in H.pylori-positive OSs than H.pylori-negative those and the positive rates of psychological screening factors somatization,interpersonal sensitivity,hostility and paranoid were higher in H.pylori-positive OSs than in H.Pylorinegative those,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).After the eradication of H.pylori in the experimental group these factor scores were lower than those before eradication.Compared with control group SCL-90 scores,soldiers somatization,interpersonal sensitivity,anxiety,hostility,paranoid factor score in experimental group after treatment were lower,the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mental health is better in OSs in this unit,the negative mental status is obvious in H.pylori-infected OSs than in H.pylori-negative those,and to eradicate H.pylori can improve their psychological state.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasonography( EUS)for gastrointestinal submucosal tumors. Methods EUS was performed on 378 patients with submucosal tumor detected by endoscopy. The shape,number,origin,and property were recorded under endoscopic ultrasonogra-phy. The diagnostic consistent rate was calculated with pathology as the golden standard. Results Among 378 patients,there were 131 cases of gastrointestinal leiomyoma,mostly low echo( n=87 ),homogeneous echo (n=119),and originated from muscular layer of mucosa(n=92). There were 111 cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumor,mainly low echo(n=51),medium low echo(n=51),homogeneous echo(n=78),originated from muscularis propria(n=85). There were also 50 cases of carcinoid tumor,mainly low echo(n=36), originated from submucosa(n=27). Forty-five cases of lipoma were detected,also originated from submuco-sa,mainly hyperecho(n=40),homogeneous echo(n=41). Heterotopic pancreas(n=19),schwannoma (n=4),and granular cell tumor(n=4)were relatively rare. Overall diagnostic consistent rate of EUS in submucosal tumor was 78. 6%( 297/378 ),diagnostic consistent rate of the shape of the tumor was 91. 8%(347/378),diagnostic consistent rate of the number was 95. 5%(361/378),and the consistent rate of origin was 96. 8%(366/378). Conclusion All kinds of submucosal tumor have certain features under endoscopic ultrasonography. Endoscopic ultrasonography can display echo,size,origin of gastrointestinal submucosal tumors,as well as their relations with the wall layer in gastrointestinal tract. It plays an important role in the diagnosis,differential diagnosis and treatment options,but there are still some limitations.

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of photodynamic therapy on oral leukoplakia in elderly patients. Methods: In this prospective study, fifteen elderly patients with oral leukoplakia were treated with 5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy(ALA-PDT). After 2 hours of dressing, patients were irradiated using a 635nm semiconductor laser with the power density of 300mW/cm².Each lesion was irradiated for 6 minutes with energy density of 100J/cm².The curative effect was evaluated and the adverse reactions were recorded based on the observation of lesion changes. Results: Of the 15 lesions in 15 patients, 4 lesions were treated once, 3 lesions were treated twice.And 6 lesions were cured after three treatments, and 2 patients were cured after four treatments.The average treatment frequency was(2.4±1.1)treatment.The postoperative adverse reaction was pain.The average visual analogue scale was(2.2±0.8)scores after operation, and the duration of pain was(2.6±1.1)days after operation.There was no recurrence for 3 to 9 months after operation.No abnormalities of oral sensation and function were found in patients. Conclusions ALA-PDT is an effective method for the treatment of oral leukoplakia in elderly patients.

Objective To investigate the endoscopic findings and treatment of gastrointestinal neu-roendocrine neoplasms.Methods Endoscopic manifestation and treatment were analyzed retrospectively in 72 patients who were diagnosed as having gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms by endoscopy and pathol-ogy from May 2011 to December 2014.Results In 72 patients of gastrointestinal NEN,rectum was most commonly involved (48 patients,66.7%),followed by the stomach (16 patients,22.2%),duodenum, esophagus and the ileocecal valve.There were certain features in rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms under endoscopy,mostly manifested by submucosal tumors.But gastric,esophageal,and small intestine NEN man-ifestations showed various forms,without specific typical features,and easy to be misdiagnosed.Some patients diagnosed as having NEN G1 or G2 underwent EMR,ESD or laparoscopy combined with endoscopy resection.Patients diagnosed as having NEN G2 or neuroendocrine carcinoma by pathology received surgical resection,chemotherapy or palliative treatment.All 50 patients underwent endoscopic treatment successful-ly.Perforation occurred in one duodenal bulbar G1 patient during ESD.No bleeding occurred during and after the operation.All patients after treatment were followed up for 15.6 +13.2 months on average with no recurrence or metastasis.Conclusion Manifestations of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms vary under endoscopy.Some tumors that locate in mucosa or submucosa with diameter less than 1cm can be resec-ted through EMR or ESD.

Objective To analyze the miss rates of colorectal adenomas during colonoscopy as well as risk factors influencing the adenoma miss rates and to take corresponding measures. Methods A total of 432 patients who underwent index and follow-up colonoscopy in 18 months were randomized and investigated. The results of two colonoscopies were compared and the missed adenomas were defined as the adenomas de-tected only during the second colonoscopy. Miss rates were calculated according to patient-based methods. Chi-square test was used to analyze the relative factors influencing the adenoma miss rate of per-patient. Then the meaningful factors were chosen into the logistic regression model for multiple factors analysis. Results Of 432 patients,116(26. 9%)had missed adenomas on first colonoscopy. Single factor analysis found that the size of adenoma( χ2 = 89. 686,P = 0. 000),the shape of adenoma( χ2 = 68. 488,P = 0. 000),the location of adenoma(χ2 = 77. 055,P = 0. 000)and adenoma tissue types(χ2 = 417. 000,P = 0. 000)were the risk factors for miss rates of colorectal adenomas. Number of polyps(χ2 = 8. 450,P= 0. 038),the organi-zation type of polyp(χ2 = 10. 718,P= 0. 013)and proficiency of colonoscopists(χ2 = 56. 069,P= 0. 000), the quality of bowel preparation(χ2 = 39. 195,P = 0. 000),insertion time(χ2 = 13. 133,P = 0. 001)were also the risk factors for miss rates of colorectal adenomas. Logistic regression analysis showed that the bigger the adenoma size,the less missed adenomas(OR= 0. 341,95%CI:0. 173-0. 671). Also,the longer insertion time took,the lower the adenoma miss rate(OR = 0. 987,95% CI:0. 981-0. 994). Per-patient miss rates were lower for high-risk adenomas compared with low-risk adenomas(OR = 0. 324,95%CI:0. 154-0. 680). Adenomas happening in multiple parts of bowel easily leads to missing(OR= 3. 791,95%CI:1. 505-9. 546). Conclusion The missed diagnosis of adenomas is not only significantly associated with features of missed adenomas,but also with skills of colonoscopists,insertion time,and bowel preparation. The key is high-quality index colonoscopy to avoid adenomas missing.