Objective To evaluate the clinical value of angiographic diagnosis and effectiveness of transcatheter therapy in hemorrhage after cholecystectomy. Methods The site and cause of hemorrhage after cholecystectomy were verified by selective DSA in 5 patients and then followed by treatment with target artery embolization. The cause of hemorrhage after cholecystectomy wasn't verified by selective DSA in 4 patients,surgical resection was then carried out. Results Nine cases had hemorrhage with various degrees after cholecystectomy. 55.56% of them were arterial hemorrhage identified by angiography,including 5 cases treated with target artery embolization effectively without any other important complication. The other cases were cured by abdominal exploring operation totally belonged to venous hemorrhage. Conclusion DSA and interventional therapy are of great value for arterial hemorrhage after cholecystectomy,especially the method of embolization is safe and efficient.(J Intervent Radiol,2007,16: 696-698)

Objective To observe the expression of P21 and CDK6 in cervical squamous cell carcinoma,and to investigate the relationship between their expression and cervical squamous cell carcinoma.Methods The expression of CDK6 and P21 in 100 cases of cervical squamous cell carcinoma,20 cases of cervical CIN lesions and 20 cases of normal cervical tissues were detected by immunohistochemical ABC method,and the relationship between them and tumor differentiation,invasion depth,lymph node metastasis and clinical stage were analyzed.Results The expression rates of P21 and CDK6 in cervical squamous cell carcinoma tissues were significantly higher than those in CIN lesions and normal cervical tissues;The low expression of P21 was associated with the depth of tumor invasion,lymph node metastasis and clinical stage (P＜0.05),and was not associated with the degree of tumor differentiation (P＞0.05);The high expression of CDK6 was associated with tumor differentiation,invasion depth,lymph node metastasis and clinical stage (P＜0.05).Conclusion The abnormal expression of P21 and CDK6 may play an important role in the occurrence and development of cervical squamous cell carcinoma,and the two may have a certain significance in the prognosis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) has been a serious global public health problem. There is an urgent need in new drug development for drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Bedaquiline (Bdq) is a new antituberculous drug belonging to the diarylquinoline class that efficiently inhibits the adenosine triphosphate synthase enzyme of MTB, now is one of the core drugs for the treatment of DR-TB. Bdq can significantly improve the negative rate of sputum culture and reduce the mortality with good safety and tolerance, and it can also shorten the course of treatment for patients with tuberculosis and save costs. This article reviews the efficacy, safety, tolerability and treatment-related issues of Bdq-containing regimens for DR-TB.

Tuberculous meningitis is the most common and serious type of central nervous system tuberculosis, with high mortality and disability rate, which has attracted extensive attention of global public health. The high mortality rate and disability rate of tuberculosis meningitis may be related to its lack of specific clinical and imaging characteristics, insufficient attention from clinicians, lack of early sensitive and specific diagnostic testing techniques, delay in treatment, and restricted penetration of anti-TB drugs into the blood-brain barrier or/and MDR-TB, etc. This article reviews the disease burden of TBM, chemotherapy drugs and regimens, anti-inflammatory agents, aspirin, interventional and surgical treatment to provide reference for clinical management of this disease.

The global trends of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection and disease are both rising. Nontuberculous mycobacterial disease(NTMD) is a worldwide health burden associated with increasing morbidity, mortality, and economic costs. Antibiotic therapy is the mainstay of treatment for NTMD.Mycobacterial pathogens are intrinsically resistant to many available antibiotics, making treatment extremely challenging, especially in immunocompromised individuals and patients with underlying chronic lung conditions. Even with lengthy therapy and the use of a combination of antibiotics, only less than half NTMD patients can achieve clinical treatment success, so it is urgent to develop novel anti-NTM antibiotics. This article reviews the research progress on the medication of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of Kwak and ACR( 2017 ) thyroid imaging reporting and data systems ( T I‐RADS ) for thyroid nodules . Methods Cases of thyroid nodule who underwent surgery from January 2015 to M arch 2018 in 15 hospitals in Sichuan province were collected and the ultrasonographic features of thyroid nodules were retrospectively analyzed by trained senior ultrasound physicians using Kwak and ACR T I‐RADS classification methods . Totally ,12 712 thyroid nodules were observed ,7 023 thyroid nodules in 7 023 cases with complete ultrasound and surgical and pathological data were eventually enrolled in the study . T hyroid nodules with solid ,hypoechoic or very hypoechoic ,tall/wide ratio ≥ 1 , margin ill‐defined and microcalcification were classified as malignant signs of ultrasound . M alignant percentage was calculated and diagnostic tests were performed . Results ① T here was a statistical difference between the benign and malignant nodules in the two types of T I‐RADS classification ( P＜0 .01) . ② T he area under ROC curve of Kwak and ACR in the diagnosis of malignant nodules were 0 .89 and 0 .84 ,respectively . T he Youden index of Kwak and ACR were 0 .66 and 0 .57 ,respectively . ③Taking Kwak T I4B and ACR T R4 as critical points for malignancy ,the sensitivity ,specificity ,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Kwak T I 4B were 75 .0% ,90 .9% ,83 .2% ,and 85 .9% , respectively . T he accuracy of Kwak T I4B was 84 .9% ; T he sensitivity ,specificity ,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of ACR T R4 were 88 .2% ,68 .9% ,62 .9% ,and 90 .8% ,respectively . T he accuracy of ACR T R4 was 76 .2% . T he Kappa value of Kwak TI4B and ACR T R4 was 0 .52 . T he χ2 value of Kwak T I4B and ACR T R4 was 2 174 .6 ( P ＜ 0 .01 ) . Conclusions T he diagnostic values of two T I‐RADS classification methods for thyroid malignant nodules are high . T he overall efficiency of Kwak T I‐RADS classification method is better than that of ACR TI‐RADS classification method .