Population control acculturation,which transforms population from heteronomy to self-discipline by imposing internal and external influences on humans,is an inevitable choice for current population control in China.To validly implement population control acculturation,various approaches of reproduction control are needed,mainly including contraception,artificial abortion and sterilization.A series of ethical issues are closely related to the above reproduction control approaches.

Objective To investigate the effects of DNA methylation on the expression of lympho-cyte activation gene 3 (lag3) in different human T cell lines.Methods A quantitative PCR and a flow cy-tometry analysis were performed to measure the expression of lag3 gene in various T cell lines at mRNA and protein levels.The distribution of CpG sites within the promoter and body of lag3 gene was detected to locate the potential regulatory region(s) (CpG island and CpG island shore).The levels of DNA methylation in each cell line were analyzed.The T cell lines were demethylated with 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-2′-dc) for further investigation on the changes of lag3 gene expression and DNA methylation.Results Jurkat E6-1 cells showed the highest expression level of lag3 gene as compared with J.CaM1.6 and CEM cells.Hyperm-ethylated CpG islands were detected in cells of each cell line.The methylation levels of CpG island shore in J.CaM1.6 and CEM cells were higher than that in Jurkat E6-1 cells.Treatment of J.CaM1.6 and CEM cells with 5-Aza-2′-dc significantly promoted the expression of lag3 gene at mRNA and protein levels as well as the demethylation of CpG island shore.No significant differences with the expression of lag3 gene and the methylation of CpG island were observed in Jurkat E6-1 cells with or without 5-Aza-2′-dc stimulation.Con-clusion Methylation and demethylation of CpG island shore played important roles in regulating the tran-scription of lag3 gene.

Accidents, Occupational ; prevention & control ; Industry ; organization & administration ; Occupational Exposure ; prevention & control ; Occupational Health ; Occupational Health Services ; organization & administration

Objective To evaluate the strategies and effect of surgical treatment for concomitant abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods Literatures on concomitant AAA and CRC published from January 1988 to December 2008 were retrieved from Pubmed, Sciencedirect, Ovid, CBMdisc, CNKI and et al, and correlated indexes were extracted for analysis. Differences among the groups were analyzed using the t test, chi-square test and fisher's exact test. Results A total of 367 cases of concomitant AAA and CRC treated by operation were retrieved. The length of operation delay of patients who received radical resection of CRC first was (115 ± 21 )days, which was significantly longer than (42 ± 8 )days of patients who received open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (OAAR) first (t = 18. 9, P <0.05). The 30-day complication rate and accumulative length of hospital stay of patients who received one-stage radical resection of CRC + OAAR were 10.5% ( 12/114 )and (23 ±6) days, and 26.0% (47/181) and ( 16 ±4)days of patients who received two-stage radical resection of CRC + OAAR, with a significant difference ( χ2 = 10.42, t = 12. 01, P <0.05 ). The accumulative length of hospital stay of patients who received radical resection of CRC + endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) was (12 ±4) days, which was significantly shorter than that of patients who received radical resection of CRC + OAAR [ ( 19 ±5 ) days ] ( t = 9.48, P < 0. 05 ). The 4-year survival rate of patients who received two-stage radical resection of CRC + OAAR was 43.5% (27/62), which was significantly lower than that of patients who received two-stage radical resection of CRC + EVAR [69.2% (18/26) ] or one-stage radical resection of CRC + OAAR [73.7%(14/19) ] (χ2 =4.83, 5.28, P<0.05). Conclusions If the diameter of AAA is under 5 cm, radical resection of CRC should be firstly carried out; but if the diameter of AAA is above 5 cm, OAAR should be firstly carried out to prevent the rapture of tumors. One-stage surgery is better than two-stage surgery if patients could tolerate it.

Objective To observe the effects of fosinopril(FOS)on secretion of ColⅠ,expression of Smad2、Smad7 mRNA in TGF-β1-induced glomerulomesangial cells(GMC)in rat model. Methods Rat glomerular mesangial cells were cultured in vitro,passages 3 - 10 cells were used in the study after identification,and the cells were divided into 3 groups:control group(Ctrl group),TGF-β1 group,and fosinopril group. Expression of Col Ⅰ in cell culture supernatant was detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)at 6 h,24 h and 48 h. Changes of Smad2,Smad7 mRNA expression were evaluated by fluorescent quantitation PCR. Results Glomerular mesangial cells had Col Ⅰ protein expression. Secretion of Col Ⅰ was significantly higher in TGF-β1 group than those in Ctrl group at each time point(P ＜ 0.01),however the Col Ⅰ was significantly lower in fosinopril group at all time points than that in TGF-β1 groups(P ＜ 0.05). Glomerular mesangial cells also had Smad2,Smad7 mRNA expressions. The expressions of Smad2,Smad7 mRNA were significantly higher in TGF-β1 group than those in Ctrl group at each time point. Expression of Smad2 mRNA was significantly lower in fosinopril group than that in TGF-β1 group at all time points,while the difference in Smad7 mRNA expression between TGF-β1 group and fosinopril group showed no statistical significance(P ＞ 0.05). Conclusions Fosinopril could inhibit the secretion of Col Ⅰ and expression of Smad2 mRNA in glomerular mesangial cells induced by TGF-β1,suggesting that fosinopril might delay glomerular sclerosis through inhibiting the expression of Smad2 in TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.

Objective:To evaluate the clinicopathological significance of the expression of the two myeloid cell leukemia-1 isoforms, myeloid cell leukemia-1-long (Mcl-1L) and myeloid cell leukemia-1-short (Mcl-1S) in malignant pleomorphic adenoma (MPA).Methods:A total of 56 patients with MPA treated with surgery, the expression of Mcl-1L and Mcl-1S were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) in mRNA level, and by Western blotting in protein level, respectively. The correlation between clinicopathological parameters (gender, age, site, habits, size, node, metastasis, recurrence) was done using the chi-square test. Kaplan-Merier curve was used to analyze the survival in all patients, Log Rank test was performed to observe the difference between groups. Cox′s proportional hazard test was used to identify the factors that were independent predictors of survival. Results:qPCR showed overexpression of Mcl-1L in 66.1%MPA patients (37/56), with significant difference in terms of tumor site, significantly higher expression of Mcl-1L in MPA (parotid gland: 2.21±1.07, sublingual gland: 2.12±1.08, other sites: 1.83±0.81) than benign pleomorphic adenoma tissue (1.00±0.19) ( P<0.01). Western blotting analysis showed significantly higher expression of Mcl-1L in MPA (parotid gland: 1.02±0.43, sublingual gland: 0.71±0.29, other sites: 0.70±0.30) than benign pleomorphic adenoma tissue (0.39±0.08) ( P<0.01). In malignant pleomorphic adenoma patients, high Mcl-1L expression was significantly associated with node positivity ( P=0.045), advanced tumor size ( P=0.002). Kaplan-Meier survival line analysis indicated a significantly lower survival time in Mcl-1L higher-expression patients (24.79±9.71) than lower-expression patients (30.59±9.01) ( P=0.017). Multivariate analysis indicated Mcl-1L to be an independent prognostic factor for MPA ( P=0.002). Conclusions:The studies suggest that overexpression of Mcl-1L is associated with poor prognosis in MPA. Mcl-1L is an independent prognostic factor in malignant pleomorphic adenoma.

Objective:To construct an expression system of lentivirus vector encoding epidermal growth factor receptor-specific chimeric antigen receptor (EGFR-CAR) and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) antibody.Methods:Human PD-L1-Fc protein was used to immunize BALB/c mice. Cell-fusion and subcloning were performed to screen stable hybridoma strains with high secretion of PD-L1-specific antibodies, which were identified by both ELISA and Western blot. The activity of the antibodies in blocking the binding of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) to PD-L1 was determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Antibody affinity was analyzed by Fortebio Octet96. A single-chain variable fragment (scFv) was further constructed after antibody full-length sequencing and humanization using CDR grafting method. Meanwhile, the genes encoding the light and heavy chain variable regions (VL and VH) were cloned from a hybridoma secreting antibody against human EGFR by 5′ RACE technology to construct scFv gene. The expression of scFv was confirmed using pcDNA3.1 vector. EGFR-CAR containing CD137 intracellular function domain and PD-L1-scFv was ligated using 2A gene. The synthetic single molecule was cloned into pLVX-EF1a-IRES-ZsGreen1 lentivirus expression vector, and then transfected into 293T cells using Lenti-X Packaging Single Shots (VSV-G) to prepare infectious virus. Expression of CAR on cell surface and the soluble form of PD-L1-scFv in the supernatant of transfected 293V cells were detected by FACS and ELISA.Results:A PD-L1 antibody named 11E3 with high ligand-receptor blocking performance was obtained. The humanized antibody showed a stable affinity (2.67×10 -10 mol/L) after directly grafting the mouse CDRs (CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3) to human frameworks. EGFR-scFv was effectively expressed in a form of Fc-fusion. Secretory CAR (CTZ0431-1) and membrane CAR (CTZ0431-2) expression plasmids were constructed using lentivirus vector containing EGFR-CAR and PD-L1-scFv. The infection efficiency in 293V cells was around 10%. EGFR-scFv on the cell membranes and PD-L1-scfv in the culture supernatants were detected after 293V cells were infected with CTZ0431-1. EGFR-scFv and PD-L1-scfv were expressed on the cell membranes of 293V cells infected with CTZ0431-2. The expression rate of CAR in LV-CART46407-1-transfected activated T cells was 39.3%. Conclusions:The lentivirus vectors co-expressing EGFR-CAR with moderate binding affinity and PD-L1-scFv with high binding affinity were successful constructed, which provided an essential tool for investing EGFR- and PD-L1 double targeted CAR-T cell therapy against solid tumor.

The residents and low-grade resident trainees of the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of the Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were selected as subjects. In the multi-touch virtual anatomy system, the lecturers made the anatomical signs of otolaryngology head and neck surgery, and applied them through the training method. Then the teachers explained the three sub-specialties of the nose, throat, neck and ear in the multi-touch virtual dissection table. The teaching method can stimulate the learning interest because of its vivid three-dimensional sense. The characteristics of teaching and learning are beneficial to the cultivation of medical education teachers. In addition, the one-time investment of equipment breaks through the supply bottleneck of traditional anatomical consumables and promotes active learning among medical students. The multi-touch virtual anatomy system can effectively improve the teaching methods, facilitate the interesting teaching, and has broad application prospects in medical teaching.

This article summarizes the new progress in the diagnosis and treatment strategies on drug-resistant cytomegalovirus(CMV)infections in organ transplant recipients, including the prevention and treatment medications for CMV infection, the diagnosis and treatment strategies, and the immunological treatment regimen for drug-resistant CMV infection.The article is aimed to provide references for the prevention and treatment of drug-resistant CMV infection in organ transplant recipients.