Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) can distinguish the molecular diffusion from the pseudo-diffusion of microcircular perfusion to obtain true diffusion coefficient (D),pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*) and perfusion fraction (f),which are sensitive to detect alterations in cellularity and microcirculation perfusion.IVIM can also evaluate early therapeutic effects,optimize treatment plan,predict prognoses,and provide information for choosing appropriate treatment methods.In this paper,the principle of IVIM and its application in tumor response evaluation were reviewed.

Objective:To compare the nutritional status of inpatients after enteral nutrition (EN) and parenteral nutrition (PN). Method: A multi-center survey of 1 142 inpatients from the Department of gastrointestinal surgery, thoracic surgery, gastroenterology, respiratory disease, neurology, neurosurgery and the intensive care unit of 6 general hospitals in Beijing and Shanghai was adopted in this study. Body weight (BW), haemoglobin (Hb) and serum albumin (sALB) were compared before and after EN or PN respectively. Results: BW, Hb and sALB all decreased after the nutritional support both in EN and PN groups, but only significantly in BW and sALB (BW: -1.58?2.36 kg/m2 vs -2.09?2.66 kg/m2, P

Objective To observe the changes of mRNA expression related to kidney yang deficiency and the ul-trastructure of hypothalamus in Lewis rats, and further study the constitution of kidney yang deficiency in Lewis rats.Meth-ods Ten 7-8-week old SPF male Lewis rats and twenty 7-8-week old SPF male Wistar rats were used in this study.The rats received subcutaneous injection of hydrocortisone to establish kidney yang deficiency model.The expressions of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, CRH, MR and GR mRNA in the hypothalamus of the two groups were detected and the ultrastructural changes of hypothalamus and adrenal gland were observed to compare the differences between the two groups, and to ex-plore the mechanism of kidney yang deficiency constitution in the Lewis rats.Results Compared with the normal Wistar rats, the expressions of GR and IL-2 mRNA in the hypothalamus were significantly increased ( P<0.01 ) , while the ex-pressions of CRH, TNF-α, IFN-γand IL-10 mRNA were significantly decreased in the Lewis rats (P<0.01).The zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex was slightly thinner, the mitochondria were slightly swollen and the amount of mitochondria was decreased.The nuclei of hypothalamic neurons were larger, and the mitochondria, neuron synapses and secretory vesi-cles in the presynaptic neurons were decreased.Conclusions There are abnormal expression of immune-related cytokines and CRH mRNA, and ultrastructural changes in the hypothalamus and adrenal gland of Lewis rats with kidney yang defi-ciency.Such changes may be related to the functional imbalance of the hypothalamus-pituitury-adrenal axis.

Objective To explore the effect on immunologic function of gastric carcinoma patients after operation by transposition of a transverse colon segment as a gastric reservoir following total gastrectomy.Methods A prospective,randomized,double-blind clinical trial was performed.One hundred and sixty-seven gastric carcinoma patients were divided into control group and research group in terms of balanced random groups.We reconstructed digestive tract with conventional Schlatter esophagojejunostomy and Roux-enY esophagojejunostomy in control group,while we reconstructed digestive tract with transposition of a transverse colon segment as a gastric reservoir in rcsearch group.the changes of T cell subset,IL-2,immunologic function of red blood cell,acute inflammatory mediator were analyzed in the patients respectively at the first day before operation,at the first day after operation,at the ninth day after operation.Postoperative fatality rate was also detected in two groups.Results Compared with control group,The changes of T cell subset,IL-2 had no significant differences in research group at the first day after operation (P ＞ 0.05).chaplet Meanwhile,the changes of C3b receptor chaplet rate and immunocomplex receptor rate had no significant differences in rcscarch group compared with control group at the first day after operation (P ＞ 0.05).There were no obvious differences for acute inflammatory mediators between two groups at the first day after operation (P＞0.05).At the ninth day after operation,the levels of CD4+ (44.68 ±5.92)％ in control group were obviously lower than those (48.75 ± 6.24)％ in research group (P ＜ 0.05).However,the percentage of CD8 + T cells (27.21 ± 3.07) ％ in control group was significantly higher than that (24.26 ±2.39) ％ in research group (P ＜ 0.05).The levels of IL-2 in control group and research group were (1.49 ± 0.32) μg/L and (1.67 ± 0.35) μg/L,with obvious differences between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).At the ninth day after operation,C3b receptor chaplet rate (39.27 ± 6.88) ％ in research group was markedly higher than that (30.25 ± 6.65) ％ in control group (P ＜ 0.05).The levels of IL-6 in control group were (125.51 ± 18.24) pg/mL,while the levels of IL-6 in research group were(87.34 ± 12.88) pg/mL,with obvious differences (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference for postoperative fatality rate between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The transposition of a transverse colon segment as a gastric reservoir is a safely new mode in the reconstruction of alimentary.It is positive to improve immunologic function for gastric carcinoma patients after operation.

Objective To analyze the genetic variation among white hair black eyes (WHBE) rabbit, Japanese white ( JW) rabbit and New Zealand white ( NZW) rabbit using random amplified polymorphic DNA ( RAPD) technique . Methods Thirty rabbits (male/female 1∶1) of each strain were used in this study.The genomic DNA was extracted from 90 rabbits.Sixty arbitrary primers were used to amplify DNA of rabbits with RAPD-PCR method.Based on the preliminary experiments , polymorphic primers were selected to analyze the genetic variation among the three rabbit strains .The experi-mental data were analyzed using Popgene 3.2 software.Results (1) Twenty-five polymorphic primers were selected among 60 arbitrary primers.493 amplified fragments were detected ranging from 100 bp to 1800 bp.Sixteen primers among 25 arbitrary primers could not only amplify the common DNA bands of 3 rabbit breeds , but also amplify particular alleles in the WHBE rabbit.(2) 234 RAPD sites were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis in WHBE rabbit , among which 166 sites were polymorphic , accounting for 70.94%.228 RAPD sites were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis in the JW rabbit, while 122 sites of them were polymorphic , accounting for 53.51%.231 RAPD sites were detected by agarose gel e-lectrophoresis in the NZW rabbits , with 94 sites being polymorphic, accounting for 40.69%.(3) The Shannon genetic di-versity index of WHBE rabbit, JW rabbit and NZW rabbit was 0.3385, 0.2222 and 0.1905, respectively.(4) The genet-ic similarity between JW rabbit and NZW rabbit was highest among the three rabbit breeds (0.8443), followed by that be-tween WHBE rabbit and JW rabbit (0.8204), and the genetic similarity between WHBE rabbit and NZW rabbit (0.7862) was the lowest .Conclusions Our results demonstrate that there are both genetic similarities and genetic variations among WHBE rabbit, JW rabbit and NZW rabbit .The RAPD technique can be used to delect the genetic relationships among dif-ferent breeds and different individuals of the same breed of rabbits .

Objective To observe the effect of medication compliance and self-efficacy of schizophrenia patients with diabetes by continuing self-management education. Methods A total of 60 patients with schizophrenia with diabetes diagnostic criteria were divided into experimental group (30 cases) and control group (30 cases) by the admission number, 2 groups received conventional drug treatment, the control group received general preaching health education pattern, were each issued a health education manual, with schizophrenia and diabetes health knowledge division, the test group on the basis of the continuation of the implementation of self-management education, followed up 12 months after discharge, compared 2 groups of patients with medication compliance and recurrence rate, with General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) assessment level of 2 groups of patients with self-efficacy, fasting blood glucose (FPG) was determined by automatic biochemical analyzer, 2 hours postprandial blood glucose (2 hPBG). Results Six months after discharge, 82.1%(23/28) cases were complete compliance, 14.3%(4/28) cases of partial compliance, 3.6%(1/28) cases of non-compliance, 55.2%(16/29)cases of the control group complete compliance, 27.6%(8/29) cases of partial compliance, 17.2%(5/29) cases of non-compliance, the differences between two groups were statistically significant (χ2=37.41, P<0.05). The 12 month test group of full compliance discharged 75.0%(21/28) cases, 14.3%(4/28) cases of partial compliance, 10.7%(3/28) cases of non-compliance, 31.0%(9/29) cases of the control group complete compliance, 31.0%(9/29) cases of partial compliance, 37.9%(11/29) cases of non-compliance, the test group compliance was higher than the control group (χ2=11.27, P<0.05). The score after 6 months and 12 months respectively for the test group general self-efficacy scored 35.32 ± 2.02, 34.18 ± 1.77, control group scored 24.03 ± 3.04, 22.48 ± 2.01, the differences between two groups were statistically significant (t=16.445, 23.304, P<0.01). After 6 months in test group FPG and 2 hPBG were (5.71 ± 1.05), (9.46 ± 1.37) mmol/L, control group were (7.79 ± 1.05),(12.28 ± 2.07) mmol/L, the differences between two groups were statistically significant (t=7.483, 6.023, P<0.01). 12 months after discharge in test group FPG and 2 hPBG respectively (5.89±1.13), (9.68±1.09) mmol/L, control group (9.14±1.19), (13.17±1.42) mmol/L, test group FPG and 2 hPBG were lower than the control group (t=10.550, 7.431, P<0.01). After 6 months and 12 months, the recurrence rate of experimental group were 7.1% (2/28) and 24.1% (7/29) respectively, and control group were 14.3%(4/28) and 44.8%(13/29), the recurrence rate of experimental group was lower than the control group, there was significant difference between 2 groups (χ2=4.326, 6.225, P< 0.05 or 0.01). Conclusions Self-management education can improve the medication compliance and self-efficacy, improve mental symptoms and sugar metabolism, and reduce the recurrence rate.

Objective To observe the morphological structures of WHBE rabbit brain in vivo based on 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging system (MRI), accumulate the basic biological data of WHBE rabbit brain imaging, and provide a background information to further expand the WHBE rabbit application.Methods Nine healthy adult male WHBE rabbits were intravenously anesthetized with 3% pentobarbital sodium.3.0 T MRI plus rabbit brain dedicated coil was used to perform routine transverse and sagittal scans, and the size of brain structures were measured.Results MRI scanning can be successfully performed to obtain sagittal and transverse T2WI or T1WI images of WHBE rabbit brain in vivo, and can be clearly observed the basic structures of WHBE rabbit brains in vivo, such as olfactory bulb, cerebrum, cerebellum and pituitary gland.In addition, high signal was found in the hippocampus of the left and right temporal lobes in 4 rabbits with T2WI, but also low signal appeared in the corresponding regions in T1WI, and the others were not abnormal.Meanwhile, the reference data of frontal lobe, hippocampus, cerebrum, lateral ventricles, pituitary gland and other related anatomical structures were also obtained.Conclusions Using the 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging system and rabbit brain coil,the morphological and anatomical structures of rabbit brain can be clearly observed, and the basic imaging data of WHBE rabbits brain have been established preliminarily.

Objective:To explore the effect of probiotics on reducing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in sepsis patients.Methods:A total of 94 cases were randomly (random number) divided into the probiotic group ( n = 46) and the control group ( n = 48). All of the patients were given enteral nutrition therapy by nasogastric tube within 24-72 h after admission. And patients in the probiotic group were given live combined bifidobacterium, lactobacillus and enterococcus powder besides the regular therapy. The incidence of VAP, bacteremia, mortality, mechanical ventilation time and length of ICU stay were compared between the two groups. Results:Compared with the control group, the incidences of VAP and bacteremia in the probiotics group were significantly lower (χ 2=4.763, P=0.029; χ 2=4.438, P=0.035). There were no significant differences in 28-day mortality and the length of hospital stay between the two groups (χ 2=2.02, P=0.167; t=1.29, P=0.208). Mechanical ventilation time in the probiotics group was significantly shorter than that in the control group ( t=2.16, P=0.038). The Log-Rank test showed that the time of VAP-free in the probiotics group was significantly longer than that in the control group ( P < 0.05). After adjusting for APACHEⅡ score and age, COX proportional risk model analysis showed that the RR values of the probiotics group and the control group for 28-day VAP were 0.18 (95% CI: 0.12-0.74, P=0.025) and 0.21 (95% CI: 0.19-0.95, P=0.042), respectively. Conclusions:Probiotics treatment can reduce the incidence of VAP in sepsis patients.

In order to establish the minipig model of chronic myocardial ischemia and apply non-invasive telemetry technique, the minipig model of chronic myocardial ischemia was made induced by Vitamin D3, isoproterenol and combined with high fat diet, and the non-invasive telemetry technique was used to detect and evaluate the symptoms of minipig model of chronic myocardial ischemia.Moreover, the effects of transport stress and the risk factors of atherosclerosis (AS) induced by high fat diet among Wuzhishan minipigs, Bama minipigs and Tibetan minipigs were also evaluated.Our study has successful established the Bama minipig model of chronic myocardial ischemia and the technical specification for evaluation,.The non-invasive telemetry technique can be used to detect and evaluate the symptoms of chronic myocardial ischemia model, and defines minipigs at least need to keep for more than 4 weeks after transport stress to adaptive recovery period.In addition, the different characteristics of AS risk factors such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension and hyperinsulinemia were observed in Wuzhishan minipigs, Bama minipigs and Tibetan minipigs in high fat environment, and this provides a reference for the selection and application of minipigs in the research of cardiovascular diseases.

ObjectiveToinvestigatethekidneyyangdeficiencyconstitutionandhypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal ( HPA) axis dysfunction in Lewis rats .Method Two kidney yang deficiency models were established by subcutaneous injection of hydrocortisone and by adrenalectomy to induce hypothalamic -pituitary-adrenal ( HPA) axis dysfunction in Lewis rats.Wistar rats were used as control and compared with the two types of Lewis rat models of kidney yang deficiency .The degree of kidney yang deficiency of the Lewis rats was evaluated by examination and detection of the general signs , behavior , and neuroendocrine function , and so on .Result Compared with the normal Wistar rats , the body weight of Lewis rats was significantly higher than that of Wistar rats at the same age .The body temperature , urine volume and grip strength were significantly lower than those of Wistar rats ( P<0.01 for all ) .The memory ability of the Lewis rats was slightly decreased.The liver, kidney and adrenal indexes were significantly decreased in the Lewis rats (P<0.01).The levels of serum ACTH, CRH, cGMP, Cort and urine 17OHCS were significantly decreased (P<0.01).Conclusion A very slight deficiency of adrenal cortex function of Lewis rats is caused by genetic inheritance , and Lewis rats have the constitution of congenital kidney yang deficiency ( criticality or prophase of kidney yang deficiency ) .