Objective To boserve the effects of sophoridine on central nervous system in mice. Methods Behavioral methodology was employed to observe the effect of sophoridine on the normal mouse autonomic activities, and sleeping latency and sleep-lasting time of mice under threshold dosage of pentobarbital sodium. And to observe the synergistic effects of inducing convulsion between sophoridine and pentylenetetrazol, nicotin, strychine, isoniazid, and picrotoxin by subthreshold dosage. Results Sophoridine ip administrated (10 and 20 mg/kg) made the autonomic activities of mice suppressed by the rate of 66.9% and 76.6%, the sleeping latency of mice given pentobarbital sodium (40 mg/kg) prolonged, and sleeping time shortened (P

[Objective]To compare spontaneous correction of the unfused thoracic curves after selective anterior versus posterior fusion in Lenke5 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS). [Method]A total of 72 Lenke5 AIS patients were rescruited from May 1997 to October 2005.Out of them,40 received selective anterior fusion(group A) and 32 received selective posterior fusion(group B).All had a minimum of 2-year follow-up.[Result] No complication were found in both groups at the latest follow-up.The thoracic curve was corrected from 30? to 16? for group A,33? to 18? for group B.Both groups had a better spontaneous correction of the unfused thoracic curves.The correction rate had no significant difference between groups.However,the thoracic curve was increased in four patients(2 in each group;group C),which resulted in trunk imbalance.The thoracolumbar/lumbar thoracic(TL/L:T) Cobb's ratio averaged 1.09 in the four patients whereas 1.59 in other 68 patients(group D).The flexibility of the thoracic curve had significant difference in group C and D(34.2% vs 57.3%).[Conclusion]Both of the surgical treatments can get a better spontaneous correction of the unfused thoracic curves.It is important to evaluate the.thoracolumbar/lumbar–thoracic(TL/L:T) Cobb's ratio and the flexibility of the thoracic curve before selective fusion.

Objective Nerve growth factor (NGF) is thought to be one of regulating factors of cellular function during the visual plasticity period. Levodopa is a neurotransmitter in central nerve system. Its mechanism of improving the visual function in amblyopia is unclear. Present study was to observe the role of levodopa in treating monocular deprived amblyopia and explore the effects of levodopa on the expression of NGF in visual cortex. Methods The animal models of monocular form deprived amblyopia were established in the right eyes of 12 4-week-old domestic cats by suturing the eyelid for 2 weeks and then the left eyes were reverse sutured. The 6 cats from models received 20 mg/kg of levodopa by oral administration. Other 6 normal cats were as normal controls. Pattern VEP (P-VEP) was recorded to check the visual acuity of the cats. The cell number density of NGF expression in visual cortex area 17 was detected and calculated by immunochemistry and expressed as positive number/field. Results The amplitude of P_(100) of P-VEP was significantly declined in monocular deprived eyes compared with fellow eyes and normal eyes in 2 weeks after monocular deprivation (P ＜0. 01) . However, after administration of levodopa, the amplitude of P_(100) recovered to normal 2 weeks later, presenting a insignificant difference between levodopa treating group and normal group (P＞ 0. 05). The latency of P_(100) was followed the same pattern between two groups. The NGF positive cells were decreased in monocular deprived group compared with normal group and levodopa group (80. 23 ± 9. 54 vs 111. 83 ± 7. 49, 80. 23 ± 9. 54 vs 118. 06 ± 12. 37, P ＜ 0. 01), but no significant difference in NGF positive cells was found between normal group and levodopa group (111.83 ±7. 49 vs 118. 06 ± 12. 37, P = 0. 94). Conclusion Levodopa is supposed to accelerate the recovery of visual function in amblyopic cat by enhancing the NGF expression in visual cortex area 17 during the critical period of visual development.

Objective To investigate the effect of bed rest on acute nonspecific low back pain(ANLBP).Methods87 cases were randomly divided into bed rest group (42 cases) and free activity group (45 cases).The bed rest group would be proper activity indoor and step up activity outdoor after absolute in bed for a week.The free activity group would be prescribed free activity.At the same time,all of them received physiotherapy and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).The visual analogous scale (VAS) were measured before and 2 weeks after treatment.The Roland-Morris disability questionnaire (RMDQ) were measured before and 2,6 weeks after treatment.ResultsThe difference of VAS and RMDQ scores between these 2 groups were not significant before treatment (P>0.05),but were significant 2 weeks after treatment(P<0.05).Further more,the difference of RMDQ scores between these 2 groups were not significant 6 weeks after treatment (P>0.05).ConclusionThe bed rest about patients could not promote,but delay the improvement of the pain and disability in the early period or later period recovery of ANLBP.

AIM:To explore the roles of Akt ( also called protein kinase B ) and active caspase-3 in the leptin-mediated chronic morphine antinociceptive tolerance in rats .METHODS: A model of chronic morphine antinociceptive tolerance was established in the SD rats .The protein levels of spinal Akt and cleaved caspase-3 were tested by Western blotting.The technique of immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the immunoreactivity positive cells of phospho -rylated ( p)-Akt and cleaved caspase-3 in the spinal cord .Double staining of immunohistochemistry was used to examine the cellular location of the p-Akt and cleaved caspase-3 positive cells.RESULTS: The chronic intrathecal injection of morphine (15 μg) for 7 d markedly upregulated the spinal protein levels of p-Akt and cleaved caspase-3 in the rats.Thirty min before injection of morphine , intrathecal injection of leptin antagonist (3μg) for 7 d significantly attenuated the upreg-ulation of the protein levels of p-Akt and cleaved caspase-3 induced by chronic morphine treatment .The p-Akt was exclu-sively observed in the spinal neurons .The cleaved caspase-3 was only localized with the spinal astrocytes .Intrathecal injec-ting the inhibitors of leptin , Akt and caspase-3 ameliorated the chronic antinociceptive tolerance .CONCLUSION: The spinal Akt pathway and active caspase-3 are involved in the leptin-mediated chronic morphine antinociceptive tolerance in rats.

Aim Tostudytheanalgesiceffectofoxyso-phoridine (OSR)on GABA transporter-1 (GAT-1 )mR-NA expression and its influence on GAT-1 expression inmice.Methods Formalintestwasusedtodetectthe analgesic effect of OSR(iv).Immunohistochemis-try was taken to inspect the expression of GAT-1 in cerebral cortex and thalamus in mouse brain. The quantitative real-time PCR method was used to inspect the influence of OSR on GAT-1 mRNA expression of braininmice.Results OSR(500,250,125mg· kg-1 ,iv ) could significantly increase the foot-licking latency.OSR(500 mg·kg-1,ip)could significantly decrease the number of GAT-1 immuopositive cells incerebral cortex and thalamus in mouse brain,and re-duce GAT-1 mRNA expression in brain(P<0. 01,P<0.05)intheformalintest.Conclusion OSRhasa significant analgesic effect,and its analgesic mecha-nism is related to the GAT-1 expression in mouse brain.

Objective To analyze the correlation between the expression of phosphoinositide-3 kinase,catalytic subunit beta (PIK3CB) and the clinicopathologic characteristics in gastric adenocarcinoma tissues.Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to determine PIK3CB expression in human gastric adenocarcinoma tissues and matched adjacent tissues.The correlation between PIK3CB expression and the patients' clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis was statistically analyzed.Results PIK3CB is highly expressed in gastric adenocarcinoma tissues (positive rate 63.8％) compared with matched adjacent tissues (positive rate 45.7％) (x2 =9.139,P =0.003).PIK3CB expression is significantly correlated with tumor size (x2 =8.677,P =0.003),infiltration (x2 =9.306,P =0.025),and clinical stage (x2 =8.242,P =0.041) ; Level of PIK3CB expression has a significant impact on prognosis (x2 =25.644,P =0.000).Multivariate analyses showed that high PIK3CB expression is an independent poor prognostic factor for overall survival (HR =15.785,95％ CI:1.943-7.805,P =0.000).Conclusions Upregulated PIK3CB is correlated with poor postoperative prognosis of gastric carcinoma.

Objective The risk for coronary artery bypass surgery is reported to be increased with age and associated with diabetes. We examined the outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with diabetes who were older than 70 years of age and evaluate the effect of diabetes on CABG in those patients. Methods From March 2000 to March 2008, the data of 649 patients older than 70 years of age were collected retrospectively and divided into diabetic group or non-diabetic group based on pre-operative diagnosis. The blood glucose level of patients was maintained between 7.0 mmol/L ( 126mg/dl) and 10.0 mmoL/L ( 180 mg/dl) porioporatively. Stats 7.0 was used for statistical analysis. The t test and χ~2 test were used to determine the differences in the numerical variables and categorical variables respectively. Results No statistical differences were observed between the two groups in the baseline variables, such as age [ ( 74.78±3.67 ) years for diabetic group vs. ( 75.00±3.65 ) years for non-diabetic group, P = 0. 4877 ], female patients ( 34.76% vs. 29.22%, P =0. 1663 ), ejection fraction [ ( 57.02±10. 10 ) % vs. ( 58.49±10. 39 ) %, P = 0. 1004 ) ], myocardial infarction history (26.20% vs. 28.35%, P =0. 5795), though there were more left main diseases in the diabetic group (52.41% vs.26.41%, diabetic vs. non-diabetic, P = 0. 0000 ). The overall in-hospital mortality was 6.32% (8.02% in the diabetic group vs. 5.63% in the non-diabetic group, P = 0. 2571 ). The main causes of death were sudden respiratory and cardiac arrest,low cardiac output syndrome ( LCOS), malignant arrhythmia, respiratory failure, renal failure, central nervous system compli-cations, and multiple organ failure. Major post-operative complications were bleeding, atrial fibrillation, plural effusion and pulmonary infection. Post-operative variables, such as EF (0.59±0. 13 in the diabetic group vs. 0. 61±0.15 in the non-dia-betie group, P =0. 1807), re-revascularization due to bleeding (2. 14% vs. 4.76%, P = 0. 1232), blood transfusion (89.84% vs. 84.63%, P = 0.0820) and the administration of vasoactive agent (21.93% vs. 27.71%, P= 0. 1286),were found no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion Conclusions The early outcomes of CABG in aged patients are acceptable. The surgical consequences in diabetic patients may be similar to those in non-diabetic patients.

The unsatisfactory operation of the existing mechanism for resolving medical disputes by doctors and patients may be contributed to the instability of this mechanism, as lack of regulation constraints results in huge discrepancies of outcomes between identical cases. Specifically, the uncertainty for doctor-patient consultation in the guidelines, evaluation and decision mechanism,consultation process, and compensation calculation. In this consideration, it is recommended to elevate the mechanism stability of this consultation by means of uniform guidelines, third-party evaluation and decision, standardized consultation process, and unified compensation standard.

Aim To observe the effect of oxysophori-dine( OSR) on the EEG changes and its power spectrums of cerebral frontal cortex in anaesthetized rats. Methods With the equipment of brain stereotactic apparatus,electrode was implanted into frontal lobe of cerebral cortex in rats. Unipolar lead and computerized FFT technique were employed to record the index of EEG,power spectrum and frequency distributions to analyze the effect of OSR on the bioelectricity altera-tions of frontal lobe in cerebral cortexi in rats. Results Administrated( icv) with OSR at the dose of 2. 5,5, 10 mg/rat in rats,the EEG of frontal lobe of cerebral cortex was mainly featured by low amplitude and slow waves accompanied by spindle-formed sleeping waves with a significant decrease of total power of EEG( P