Objective To observe the effect of estrogen on H2O2-induced apoptosis and to explore the mechanism of protection by estrogen.Methods Setting up the experimental model of apoptosis induced by H2O2 in PC12 cells. The viability of cells was assessed by MTT assay. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase was detected by colorimetry. Hoechst 33258 was used as indicator of apoptosis. Apoptotic cells were measured by flow cytometry (FCM) with propidium iodide stain. The activity of caspase-3 was detected by colorimetry. Results H2O2 significantly decreased the viability of cell, increased LDH release and promoted apoptosis as well as caspase-3 activity in PC12. Estrogen markedly reduced these changes. Conclusion Estrogen reduces apoptosis induced by H2O2, and its mechanisms may be explained by inhibition of activation of caspase-3.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of multi-slice spiral CT in diagnosing tracheobronchial foreign bodies in chil-dren.Methods 139 patients with airway foreign body confirmed by bronchoscopy were examined with 128-slice spiral CT,and then the CT data was reconstructed by using multiple-planar reconstruction(MPR),curved planar reconstruction (CPR),volume render-ing(VR),minimum intensity projection(MinIP)and virtual endoscopy (VE).The CT results were compared with bronchofibersco-py findings.Results Among the 139 cases,the foreign bodies located at trachea in 13 cases,right bronchia in 75 cases,left bronchia in 48 cases,and bilateral bronchia in 3 cases.137 cases (98.6%)were correctly diagnosed,and 2 cases (1.4%)were missed on CT.Although the difference of the results at trachea and right main stem bronchus was statistically significant (P <0.05),the over-all results was not significant difference between CT and bronchoscopy examination (P =0.340).Associated findings included em-physema in 74 cases,pneumonia in 48 cases,atelectasis in 22 cases,mediastinal displacement in 57 cases,lung interstitial emphyse-ma in 4 cases,pneumomediastinum and pneumoderma in 4 cases,bronchiectasis in 2 cases,and pleural effusion in 4 cases.Conclu-sion MSCT and its postprocessing techniques can accurately and intuitively display the tracheobronchial foreign body and complica-tions,which has important value for clinical application.

Thirty-three patients with esophageal carcinoma (T3N1M0 or less) underwent thoracoscopic surgery in lateral prone position for esophagectomy from February 2010 to November 2012.Their postoperative outcomes and survivals were retrospectively analyzed.The results confirmed the feasibility and safety of this mini-invasive thoracoscopic procedure in lateral prone position for patients with esophageal carcinoma.A possible advantage of lateral prone technique is that in case of an emergency switch to open surgery,precious time may be saved in changing body position.

Forty one patients with esophageal carcinoma (T3N1 M0 or less) underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in prone position for esophagectomy from September 2006 to September 2010.The postoperative outcome and survival of patients were retrospectively analyzed.The results confirmed the feasibility and safety of this minimally invasive esophagectomy performed by thoracoscopy in the prone position for patients with esophageal carcinoma.

Objective To construct the human osteoblast-like cell model with estrogen receptor α(ERα)subunit gene knocked down. Methods According to the computer-aided design(CAD),ERα-specific small interference RNA(siRNA)gene was synthesized and cloned into the expression vector pSilencer 4.1-CMV. The recombinant ERα siRNA plasmid was transfected into human osteoblast-like cell line MG63 by lipofectin,the cloned MG63 ceils were selected by hygromycin,and the cloned MG63 cell was cultured more than 20 passages after transfection.The expression of ERα mRNA in MG63 cells was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The expression and location of ERα protein were identified by immunocytochemistry.Compared with control groups,proliferation rate,growth cycle and expression did not show significant difference.Results The recombinant eukaryote plasmid vector was constructed.Furthermore,the recombinant plasmid knocked down ERα protein in human osteoblast-like cells. Conclusions The human osteoblast-like cell model with RNAi-knocked down ERα gene is constructed successfully.This model appears to be very useful for the future research on ERα biological characters and on molecular mechanism of bone metabolism.

Ablation Techniques ; adverse effects ; Animals ; Bone and Bones ; pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Extremities ; Swine

Objective To observe destruction of tibias created in ablating of the swine limbs in vivo with radiofrequency,the influence on the surrounding organization structure,and the repair process of lesions for treating bony tumor.Methods There were eight pigs included in the first part of the experiment.RFA was performed under DSA guidance at the same position of the diaphysis and the upper end of their right tibias in hind leg during anesthesia,then X-ray and CT examinations were performed at different time points after RFA,and subsequently the pigs were executed by depth anesthesia.Control specimens,specimens of the immediate time,the third day,the tenth day,the twenty-fourth day,the fifth week,the eighth week,the twelfth week after RFA were obtained at the diaphysis and the upper end of their tibias.X-ray and CT examinations of these specimens were performed.These specimens were observed both by naked eye and under microscope.The observation included the general state of the laboratory animals after RFA,the configuration of RFA lesions in the gross specimen and the corresponding histologic changes,the boundary of necrosis in RFA lesions and the corresponding boundary of the gross specimen.There were sixteen pigs in the second part of the experiment.RFA was performed at the same position of the diaphysis and the upper end of their right and left tibias in hind leg during anesthesia,and the pigs were immediately executed by depth anesthesia after RFA to get thirty-two capitulum specimens and thirty-two diaphysis specimens.The scope of necrotic tissue in RFA lesions was observed and measured.The border and scope of necrotic tissue in RFA lesions were observed.Major axis,minor axis,and necrosis volume were measured.The independent sample t test was employed to compare the volume of necrotic tissues between capitulum and diaphysis.The one sample t test was employed to analyze volume of necrotic tissue among capitulum,diaphysis and the standard data.Results No accidental death of the animals occured in the first experimental.The loss of neurological function of the hind leg did not happen.Coagulation necrosis in cancellous bone of capitulum and marrow of diaphysis lesions created in ablating was observed.On 3th to 10th day after RFA,inflammatory cells infiltrated in hemorrhage tape and then granulation tissues formed.Granulation tissues replaced necrotic bone gradually from outside to inside.Low density band was showed on images of X-ray and CT examination in the specimen of 10th day,and it extended inward.The immature bone was observed in fibrous tissue sited at the edge of lesions,which appeared as sclerosis on X-ray and CT examination.The scope of necrotic tissue in RFA lesions included coagulation necrosis and hemorrhagic zone of its periphery.The dead bone and secondary pathological fracture appeared in two of eight pigs.RFA hardly damaged compact bone in the diaphysis,but the damage of soft tissue was observed outside the compact bone.In the second experiment,the shape of lesions in cancellous bone of capitulum was ellipsoid,with long axis of(2.59±0.21) cm,minor axis of(2.15±0.10) cm,and volume of(6.34±0.27) cm3.The shape of lesions in the diaphysis of tibias was ellipsoid,with long axis of(4.53±0.20) cm,minor axis of(1.71 ±0.22) cm,and volume of(7.14±0.36) cm3.There was significantly difference of necrosis volume between the capitulum and diaphysis lesions,(t=2.011,P＜0.05).The virtual necrosis volume of the capitulum and diaphysis lesions was significantly different from the presumed volume with RFA instrument(t=-613.371,-295.878,P＜0.01).Conclusion Cancellous bone of the capitulum can be damaged by RFA,but the compact bone of the diaphysis can hardly be damaged.The intact compact bone can be helpful to protect the surrounding soft tissues.X-ray and CT examination can be used in the evaluation of curative effect of RFA for treating bone tumors.Pathological fracture of the diaphysis may appear after RFA.

Abstract: The first-line drug artemisinin is widely used against malaria. Commercially available artemisinin is extracted from plants. However, the lack of sufficient raw material, artemisinin and the cost associated with the drug's manufacture have limited the supply of ACT to most malaria sufferers in the Developing World. As such, it is important to develop a low cost, fine to environment and high-quality method to supply sufficient and reliable quantities of artemisinin in the future. The field of synthetic biology, which utilizes cell factories to manipulate microbial metabolism to enhance the production of artemisinin and its intermediates, has a particularly strong impact by providing new platforms for chemical production. After a brief introduction of the artemisinin biosynthetic pathway, the present review focuses on the introduction of artemisinin biosynthetic genes, such as the genes encoding amorpha-4, 11-diene monooxygenase, NADPH: cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase, artemisinic aldehyde delta 11(13) reductase and aldehyde dehydrogenase. The review also addresses general considerations for potential contributions of synthetic biology to artemisinin production, with an emphasis on factors influencing interest compounds production in chassis cells.

[Abstrct] Objective The deformity of severe varus knee (varus angulation > 15°) can be treated by many ways in primary total knee arthroplasty , but the efficacy and cost are different. The topic of this study provides a new surgery: autograft (wedge grafts) implant and substitute medial tibial bone defects. Methods From Jan. 2006 to Jan. 2014 , a retrospective study was conducted in the First Affiliated Hospital of BaoTou Mendical College. Out of 687 patients, 721 primary knees were operated. Bone defects in proximal tibia (varus angulation >15° ) were encounted in 16 patients in 21 knees in the pattern of non-inclusive slope bone defects in the mean varus degree of 27°. Their IBM was 31 kg/m2. The average age of patients was (63 ± 5) years. The score of clinical knee society score (KSS) before operation was 18 on average. Among of them, the pain score were 12 points, the average range of motion (ROM) were 12 points. the average funtional score were 20 points. During operation,the slope bone defect of the medial tibial plateau was tailored into wedge-shaped ladder bone defect by osteotomy,and then the defect was filled with the resected tibial plateau autograft in which the thickness and shape were matched completely. The high-intensity cortical part of the autograft was placed in the rim to sustain the tibial prosthesis. Three months after operation ,patients started to walk without the help of crutch. Results The average followup period was 5.3 y , We observed that an average postoperative scores of clinical KSS from 42 points to 88 points with the score of functional KSS from 57 points to 92 points. Fusion was observed by trabeculae crossing from the graft to the tibial metaphysis on plain films at least 6 mouths without collapse, stress fracture, untight and bone ununion. Confirmation of vascularization of the graft was observed in bone scans of nuclide. showing increased uptake in the operated area. Inflammatory makers were normal. Conclusion Autograft (wedge grafts) reconstruction of medial tibial bone defects, is of high rate of healing in implant bones, good restoration of the function and low cost.

Objective To explore the clinical features and CT characteristics of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis(IPA) in children with acute leukemia.Methods CT scanning of chest was performed in 13 cases with IPA proved clinically and sputum culture in children with acute leukemia.All cases followed up by CT 4 to 10 times.The clinical features and CT findings were analyzed retrospectively.Results The early CT findings included single nodule in 2 cases,multi-nodular shadow in 10 case and sub-pleural wedge-shaped consolidation in 5 cases,of these 5 cases,4 accompanied multi-nodules.Halo sign around the nodules in 9 cases.The follow-up CT showed air crescent sign or cavity in 11 cases,halo sign around the nodules in 7 cases and around cavity in 2 cases.Conclusion IPA has some characteristic manifestations on CT.CT is of important value in observing the evolution and evaluating the prognosis for the patients with IPA.