Pinocembrin, belonging to flavanons, was isolated from various plants. Pinocembrin has a variety of pharmacological activities, such as neuroprotective effect, antimicrobial activity, and antioxidant efficacy. Pinocembrin was approved as class I drugs to its phase II clinical trial by CFDA in 2009, mainly used for the treatment of ischemic stroke. As a promising compound, the manufacturing technologies of pinocembrin, including chemical synthesis, extraction from plant and synthetic biology, have attracted many attentions. Compared with the first two technologies, synthetic biology has many advantages, such as environment-friendly and low-cost. Construction of biosynthetic pathway in microorganism offers promising results for large scale pinocembrin production by fermentation after taking lots of effective strategies. This article reviews some of recent strategies in microorganisms to improve the yield, with focus on the selection of appropriate the key enzyme sources, the supply of precursors and cofactors by microorganisms, the choice of substance and the level of the key enzyme expression.
Biosynthetic Pathways ; Fermentation ; Flavanones ; biosynthesis ; Industrial Microbiology ; Plants ; Synthetic Biology

Virus-like particles (VLPs) structurally mimic the authentic virus whereas contain no viral genome. VLPs technique plays an important role in basic research such as virus assembly and virus morphology diversity. With special immunology properties, VLPs vaccine can induce immune response effectively. VLPs can act as adjuvant by regulating dendritic cells. Other adjuvant or polypeptide can be integrated into VLPs to construct chimeric vaccines. With the capability of packaging nucleic acid or other small molecules, VLPs can be used for vehicles to deliver these substances under suitable conditions. VLPs can substitute natural virus in immunology assay.

Thirty-three patients with esophageal carcinoma (T3N1M0 or less) underwent thoracoscopic surgery in lateral prone position for esophagectomy from February 2010 to November 2012.Their postoperative outcomes and survivals were retrospectively analyzed.The results confirmed the feasibility and safety of this mini-invasive thoracoscopic procedure in lateral prone position for patients with esophageal carcinoma.A possible advantage of lateral prone technique is that in case of an emergency switch to open surgery,precious time may be saved in changing body position.

Forty one patients with esophageal carcinoma (T3N1 M0 or less) underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in prone position for esophagectomy from September 2006 to September 2010.The postoperative outcome and survival of patients were retrospectively analyzed.The results confirmed the feasibility and safety of this minimally invasive esophagectomy performed by thoracoscopy in the prone position for patients with esophageal carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the incidence and characteristics of anemia in chronic heart failure population through retrospective analysis of patients hospitalized at the Hunan Provincial People's Hospital.Methods A total of 259 patients who were diagnosed as chronic heart failure (CHF) and hospitalized at the Hunan Provincial People's Hospital from October to November in 2012 was collected,and divided into cardiac function Ⅰ ～ Ⅳ grade,then their clinical characteristics was analyzed.Results (1)Compared with CHF patients without anemia,the creatinine value was significantly higher,the percentage of patients with severe heart failure was significantly higher in the CHF patients with anemia (P＜ 0.05).(2) Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age (95％ CI:1.123 ～ 3.580,P ＜ 0.05),renal insufficiency (95％ CI:1.320 ～ 4.845,P ＜ 0.05),and cardiac function (95 ％ CI:1.368 ～ 3.385,P ＜ 0.05) in patients with heart failure were important risk factors for anemia.Conclusions Anemia was common in CHF patients.The poorer cardiac function was and the lower hemoglobin was,the higher incidence of anemia was.The patients with anemia had the characteristics of worse renal function and poorer nutritional status compared patients without anemia.Age,renal insufficiency,and cardiac function were important risk factors for anemia.

AIM:To explore the roles of Akt ( also called protein kinase B ) and active caspase-3 in the leptin-mediated chronic morphine antinociceptive tolerance in rats .METHODS: A model of chronic morphine antinociceptive tolerance was established in the SD rats .The protein levels of spinal Akt and cleaved caspase-3 were tested by Western blotting.The technique of immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the immunoreactivity positive cells of phospho -rylated ( p)-Akt and cleaved caspase-3 in the spinal cord .Double staining of immunohistochemistry was used to examine the cellular location of the p-Akt and cleaved caspase-3 positive cells.RESULTS: The chronic intrathecal injection of morphine (15 μg) for 7 d markedly upregulated the spinal protein levels of p-Akt and cleaved caspase-3 in the rats.Thirty min before injection of morphine , intrathecal injection of leptin antagonist (3μg) for 7 d significantly attenuated the upreg-ulation of the protein levels of p-Akt and cleaved caspase-3 induced by chronic morphine treatment .The p-Akt was exclu-sively observed in the spinal neurons .The cleaved caspase-3 was only localized with the spinal astrocytes .Intrathecal injec-ting the inhibitors of leptin , Akt and caspase-3 ameliorated the chronic antinociceptive tolerance .CONCLUSION: The spinal Akt pathway and active caspase-3 are involved in the leptin-mediated chronic morphine antinociceptive tolerance in rats.

Objectives To investigate the risk factors of cardiorenal syndrome type 1 (CRS1) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods The medical date of hospitalized patients with AMI from January,2013 to February,2014 in Hunan Provincial People~ Hospital were reviewed.A total of 265 patients with AMI was divided into CRS1 and non-CRS1 groups.The univariate comparison and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were performed to obtain the CRS1 risk factors.Results In the 265 AMI patients,CRS1 was found in 59 patients (22.3％).Age,history of diabetes,Killip classification,left ventricular ejection fraction (LVFF),baseline serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen,uric acid,baseline evaluated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR),serum sodium,the left anterior descending artery lesion,emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI),β-blocker,and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor antagonist (ACEI/ARB) were statistically different between CRS1 and non-CRS1 groups (all P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate logistic regression showed that age,history of diabetes,Killip classification,reduced LVEF,reduced eGFR,hyponatremia,the left anterior descending artery lesionn,emergency PCI non-undergo,and β-blocker non-use were independent risk factors for CRS1 after AMI.Conclusions CRS1 is a common complication in AMI patients,which is associated with many factors.Our data suggest that patients with AMI should be more comprehensively assessed and monitored,thereby preventing the occurrence of CRS1.

Objective To explore the protection and mechanism of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) preconditioning against injury induced by cisplatin in human marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HMMSCs).Methods HMMSCs were treated by cisplatin at 0,5,10,20,40,60,80 mg/L concentrations for 24 h respectively and were exposed to cisplatin at 20 mg/L concentrations for 0,6,12,24,36,48 h respectively.HMMSCs were pretreated with NaHS at 0,0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0 mmol/L respectively for 30 min before exposed to cisplatin at 20 mg/L concentrations for 24 h.HMMSCs were treated by U0126 or combined with human epidermal growth factor (HEGF) together for 30 min before they were preconditioned with NaHS for 30 min.The cell survival rate,cell apoptosis rate,the expression of p-ERK1/2 and t-ERK1/2 were recorded.Results The cell survival rate decreased to 71.72％±2.72％,59.41％±5.44％,50.37％±4.55％,38.97％±2.92％,30.11％±4.64％ and 21.71％±5.35％ respectively after cells were treated with cisplatin at 5,10,20,40,60,80 mg/L concentrations respectively,and the differences were statistically significant compared with 0 mg/L group.The cell viability fell to 70.30％±6.20％,61.63％±2.70％,51.29％±3.13％,38.72％±3.66％ and 27.57％±2.32％ after HMMSCs were treated with cisplatin at 20 mg/L for 6,12,24,36,48 h respectively,and the differences were statistically significant compared with 0 h group.The cell viability increased to 65.99％±2.67％,72.93％±5.44％,75.10％±4.71％ and 76.56％± 5.25％ when HMMSCs got pretreatment of NaHS,and the differences had statistical significance compared with cisplatin group.The cell apoptotic rate decreased from 35.29％±2.77％ to 18.62％±0.97％ when HMMSCs were pretreated with NaHS at 0.6 mmo/L.Treatment of HMMSCs with cisplatin at 20 mg/L for 24 h reduced p-ERK1/2 expression.The pretreatment of NaHS could inhibit the inhibitory action to the expression of p-ERK1/2 induced by cisplatin.Pretreatment with U0126 or HEGF inhibited or promoted the protection and the upregulated expression ofp-ERK1/2 caused by NaHS pretreatment.Conclusion The preconditioning of H2S can protect cell damage caused by cisplatin via activating the ERK1/2 pathway of HMMSCs.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of minimally invasive extraction of impacted supernumerary teeth.Methods :35 cases of impacted supernumerary teeth were included.Excluding extraction contraindications,preoperative X-ray or dental CT examina-tion was executed to find out the location of the impacted teeth and adjacent anatomical structures.According to the location,operation approach was selected to extract the impacted supernumerary teeth using minimally invasive apparatus.Intraoperative and postoperative feeling of the patients and the complications were recorded.Results:Operation time lasted from 1 0 to 40 minutes,average 1 5 minutes. All patients maintained good comfort in the operation.8.6% patients had postoperative adverse reactions such as mild pain and discom-fort.None had serious reactions.Conclusion:Minimally invasive extraction of impacted supernumerary teeth has less complication and less uncomfort.

AIM To study the adaptive cytoprotection of H 2O 2 preconditioning against oxidative stress damage in PC12 cell and the relationships between brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the adaptive cytoprotection of H 2O 2 preconditioning. METHODS The viability of PC12 cells was evaluated by MTT assay. Apoptosis was detected by PI stain flow cytometer. Expression of BDNF was analyzed by immuo flow cytometer. RESULTS After H 2O 2 preconditioning, the survival of PC12 cells exposure to H 2O 2 (20～60 ?mol?L -1 ) was increased and the apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by H 2O 2 (20 or 30 ?mol?L -1 ) was inhibited and the expression of BDNF in PC12 cells was enhanced. CONCLUSION H 2O 2 preconditioning is protective against the damage of PC12 cells induced by H 2O 2 and its mechanisms may involve up modulation of the expression of BDNF.