Objective To investigate whether the biochemical function and morphology of stored outdated erythrocytes were able to be restored to normal levels.Methods The experiments were carried out with 4 groups of erythrocytes. Group 1 consists of post-rejuvenated erythrocytes, which were harvested by incubating twice washed stored erythrocytes on the 3 rd day after outdate at 37℃ for 1h, with a rejuvenating solution containing adenine 5mmol/L, inosine 100mmol/L, pyruvate 100mmol/L, phosphate 103mmol/L. Group 2 was pre-rejuvenate erythrocytes, obtained by washing stored erythrocytes on the 3rd day after outdate. Group 3 was saline control erythrocytes, which were incubated with 0.9% saline. Group 4 was freshly collected erythrocytes used as normal controls. ATP, 2, 3-DPG, morphology scores, MCV, osmotic fragility, and hemoglobin content of RBC in four groups were measured.Results The post-rejuvenate RBC ATP [(3.41?0.52)?mol/gHb] was significantly higher(P0.05) compared with fresh RBC [(3.45?0.51)?mol/gHb].The post-rejuvenate RBC 2,3-DPG [(14.08?3.10)?mol/gHb] was significantly higher(P0.05) compared with fresh RBC [(14.87?3.10)?mol/gHb].The post-rejuvenation morphology score(130.00?10.80) was significantly greater (P0.05) compared with fresh RBC (120.00?5.00). The post-rejuvenate mean corpuscular volume [(89.30? 7.20)fl] was significantly lower (P0.05). The hemoglobin shed in vesicles during rejuvenation was significantly greater than that in the saline control [(0.51?0.33)vs(0.20?0.18)mg/dl RBCs;P

Objective To investigate the effect of Ulinstatin(UTI) on oxygenation and gastric intramucosal pH in dogs with sepsis. Methods Sepsis was induced by intravenous infusion of lipopolysaccharide of E.coli.055:B5 to dogs,and the twenty dogs were divided into control group and ulinastatin group.Ulinastatin was administered in the ulinastatin group.The oxygen delivery(DO2),oxygen consumption(VO2), oxygen extraction(O2ER), plasma lactate levels and gastric intramucosal pH(pHi) were monitored. Results In early sepsis dogs,DO2,VO2,O2ER and plasma lactate levels increased significantly. Gastric intramucosal pH(pHi) decreased significantly. After the treatment with ulinastatin,DO2,VO2,O2ER and plasma lactate levels decreasd(P

Objective To characterize the foot pressure distribution during walking of the male college students with a normal left foot and toes-out right foot gait.Methods Forty-two male college students age 20 to 25 with a toes-out gait on the right side and a normal gait on the left side were recruited.The FOOTSCAN system was used to measure their foot pressure distribution while walking.Results There were significant differences between the normal and the toes-out foot with regard to the peak pressure on the third metatarsal bone [(45.05 ±13.91)N/cm2 vs (26.83 ± 10.82) N/cm2] and pressure under the arch [(4.48 ± 1.94) N/cm2 vs (2.90 ±1.57) N/cm2],as well as the time for the appearance of peak pressure under the 1st and 4th metatarsal bones.The foot regional impulse was significantly lower on the normal side than on the toes-out side for toes 2 to 5 and for metatarsal bone 2.Conclusion In contrast to the normal foot,the pressure center of the toe-out foot deflects to the inner side.This results in slanted power application instead of straight ahead,so the strength in the direction of travel is small.And it will produce torsion between the tibia and fibula,which makes the tibia appear introverted and causes excessive friction in the knee joint.This will lead to injury of the knee joint.

To preliminarily study the pro⁃angiogenic activity of Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cysts against hu⁃ man umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro and the transcriptional level of potential pro⁃angiogenic factors. Methods The hydatid cysts and protoscolex derived from experimentally infected mice were collected and cultured in vitro，then the human umbilical vein endothelial cells were stimulated by the supernatant and cyst fluid respectively，and the angiogenesis was observed and analyzed through a microscope and the angiogenesis mode of the software NIH Image J. Meanwhile，the mouse homologous proteins of matrix metalloproteinase⁃9（MMP⁃9）and high mobility group box B1（HMGB1）were identified in E. granulosus genome through sequence alignment，and their transcriptional levels in the cyst wall and protoscolex were analyzed. Results The culture supernatant of hydatid cysts significantly promoted human umbilical vein endothelial cells into tubes（F = 73.03，P < 0.001），the transcriptions of MMP⁃9 and HMGB1 were detected in the cyst wall and protoscolex，and the transcriptional level of MMP⁃9 was higher in protoscolex（t = -11.65，P < 0.001），while the level of HMGB1 was higher in hydatid cysts（t = 6.43，P = 0.003）. Conclusion Some parasite⁃derived pro⁃angiogenic molecules may exist in the supernatant of E. granulosus hydatid cysts，while further researches are required into their exact mechanisms.

Objective To establish a chromogenic assay for blood-plasma collagenase Ⅳ in order to evaluation the reference range of collagenase Ⅳ in the plasma of healthy individuals.Methods The assay was based on measurement of terminal amino group with succinylated gelatin as substrates and TNBS as chromogenic reagent.The optical density of each reaction was determined at 405 nm using a Sunrise microplate reader.Chromatographic and detection conditions were optimized and performance of the methed was evaluated by recovery experiments and precision experiments.It was compared with ELISA.The levels of collagenase Ⅳ in 112 health persons'plasma were determined and the data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software.Results The whole determing time was within 1.5 h,the linear range of this method was 1.5-10.0 mg/L,and the minimum detection limit was 0.965 mg/L.They were well correlated with ELISA results (R~2=0.999 7,P＜0.01).The within-run CV was less than 3.16%and between-run CV was less than 9.81%.The 95%confidence interval of collagenase Ⅳ in healthy plasma was 33.38-49.80 mg/L.Conclusion This chromogenic assay for blood-plasma collagenase Ⅳ can be used for measurement of collagenase Ⅳ in blood-plasma and the reference range of collagenase Ⅳ in healthy plasma was established.

Objective To investigate retrospectively CT,MRI and DSA appearances of giant cell tumors(GCT) of bone in unusual sites,in order to improve the diagnosis of it.Methods CT,MRI and DSA features of GCT in 11 cases proved by surgery and pathology,were retrospectively analyzed.GCTs located in iliac bone in 4,sacral vertebrae in 3,ischial bone in 2, calcaneus and temporal bone in one respectively.Results (1) At CT,the tumors were mainly showed as expanding growth and osteolytic destruction,without periosteal reaction and calcification.(2)At MRI,the tumors were hypo-,isointensity on T_1WI and heterogeneously iso, hyperintensity on T_2WI.Low intensity curvilinear strips inside the tumor on T_1WI and T_2WI were found in 5 patients,and "bright patches sign" on T_2WI were also displayed in 2 cases.(3)At DSA,abundant blood supply to the tumors was demonstrated,the thickened and twisted feeding artery and,"tumor's stain sign" were also found.Conclusion To analyse imaging data synthetically,including CT,MR imaging and DSA,can improve the knowledge of GCT of bone in unusual sites.

AIM: To compare pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of telmisartan capsule (T) and telmisartan tablet(R). METHODS: 20 male healthy Chinese volunteers were enrolled in a randomized two-way crossover designs with a single-oral dose study(80 mg once per day for each preparation). The plasma telmisatan concentration was determined by HPLC- fluorescence detector. Plasma levels of telmisatan were followed up to 96 h. Area under the telmisartan concentration time curve was calculated by variance analysis and the bioequivalent was determined by two one-side t-test. RESULTS: A two-compartment model was adopted in telmisartan plasma concentration-time data analysis. The pharmacokinetic parameters of T and R in single-dose study including Cmax (μg·L-1), Tmax (h), T1/2β (h), MRT(h), AUC0-92(μg·h·L-1) were as following: 456±253 and 760±314, 1.61±0.71 and 1.08±0.36, 22.39±6.29 and 21.08±5.24, 27.02±6.23 and 24.27±5.79, 3454±1050 and 3635±1300, respectively. Statistically significant differences were observed between the parameter values of the two products in Cmax and Tmax; whereas there was no statistically significant difference between AUC0-∞μg·h·L-1 (3601±1095 and 3767±1399). The relative bioavailability for T was 97.28%±12.74%. CONCLUSION: The test telmisartan capsule is bioequivalent to the reference tablet.

Objective To evaluate multi-slice spiral CT venography (MSCTV) and digital subtraction venography (DSV) in diagnosing iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS) and secondary thrombosis. Methods The imaging materials, including MSCTV and DSV performed before and after the thrombolysis therapy, of 38 patients with clinically-suspected IVCS were collected. The inner diameters of the compressed iliac veins were measured on MSCTV images and the compression ratio was calculated. Usingχ2 test, the detection rates of IVCS by MSCTV and DSV were compared. Results Of 38 patients, IVCS was detected by MSCTV in 29, by pretreatment DSV in 20 and by post-treatment DSV in 29. The difference in the detection rate of IVCS between MSCTV and pre-treatment DSV was statistically significant (χ2=4.65, 0.010.05). Conclusion For the diagnosis of IVCS, MSCTV is superior to pre-treatment DSV in the diagnostic accuracy of iliac vein compression syndrome. Therefore, MSCTV should be used as the preferred method of examination.(J Intervent Radiol, 2015, 24:301-305)

Objective Increased renal mast cells have been found in significant correlation with clinicopathological features of diabetic nephropathy ( DN) .However, the exact pathological significance of mast cells still remained to be elucidated.As one of the most abundant serine proteases, tryptase is specifically expressed by mast cells.The study was to observe the expression of tryptase in the urine of patients with diabetic nephropathy and realize the pathological significance of urinary tryptase and renal mast cells in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Methods Urine samples from 103 patients with diabetic nephropathy who were hospitalized at the clinical unit of the nephrology centre of Jingling Hospital from January 2012 to June 2013 were collected.According to concentra-tion of urinary albumin excretion rate, the patients were conducted to early-stage DN group (microalbuminuria,n=10), middle-stage DN group (proteinuria stage, n=31) and end-stage DN group (renal insufficiency stage,n=62).Meanwhile, urine samples from 20 normal persons were taken as the normal control group.Tryptase level in each urine sample was measured by using an ELISA kit.The average tryptase levels were compared among different groups and the correlation between urinary tryptase level and clinical indices was analyzed. Results ①In most cases, tryptase was not detected in the urine samples from normal persons(0.7 ±1.4 ng/mg creati-nine).However, the urinary trypatse level increased significantly with the development of diabetic nephropathy (11.6 ±10.5 ng/mg creatinine for early stage, 29.7 ±19.2 ng/mg creatinine for middle stage, and 44.6 ±43.4 ng/mg creatinine for late stage group).②The urinary tryptase level was found in significant correlation with ser-um creatinine (r=0.325, P<0.01), serum cystatin C (r=0.391, P<0.01), serum urea nitrogen (r=0.27, P<0.01), 24 hour uri-nary protein (r=0.389, P<0.01), urine C3 (r=0.276, P<0.05), urine retinol-binding protein (r=0.365, P<0.01), urine lysozyme (r=0.461, P<0.01), urine N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase level (r=0.568, P<0.01), urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (r=0.434, P<0.05) and interleukin-18 level (r=0.375, P<0.05).No significant correlation was found between urinary tryptase level and age, gender, fasting blood sugar, postprandial blood sugar, HbA1c, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein or low density lipo-protein. Conclusion Mast cells play an important role in the development of diabetic nephropathy and might be a novel and effective target for the treatment of DN.

Objective To investigate the preparation technique and optimal formulation of diammonium glycyrrhizinate sustained-release tablets and study the release mechanism of diammonium glycyrrhizi-nate release from the tablet.Methods Using HPMCk4m,Compritol 888 as skeleton material to prepare the diammonium glycyrrhizinate sustained-release tablet.To optimize the formulations by Box-Behnken design,and use Design Expert program for statistical analysis of experimental results.Release mechanism of diammonium glycyrrhizinate from sustained release tablets was established by equation fitting.ResultsThe average accumulate release rates of diammonium glycyrrhizinate sustained-release tablets in 2,4,8,and 12 h were 32.55%,49.94%,73.88%,and 97.89%.And the release of diammonium glycyrrhizinate could be controlled by diffusion associated with erosion.Conclusion Box-Behnken design could be successfully used to optimize the sustained-release tablet of diammonium glycyrrhizinate.