Stroke is a major cause of death and disability in China.Some strategies to reduce the burden of stroke is to attach importance to thrombolytic therapy within 6 hours,to strengthen public education,to implement systems-level improvements in the prehospital and stroke unit,and to use statins and antiplatelet drugs to prevent and treate stroke.

WGA-HRP was injected into the inferior colliculus in the rat in order to study the non-auditorial afferents of the inferior colliculus. In the diencephalon and truncus encephali, retrograde labeling was observed in many non-auditorial regions: bilateral (with contralateral predominance) cuneate nucleus, gracile nucleus, nucleus of spinal tract of trigeminal nerve, nucleus medullae oblongatae centralis dorsalis; bilateral (with homolateral predominance) locus ceruleus, nucleus reticularis pontis oralis, laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, substantia nigra, sub-parafascicular nucleus, perifornical nucleus; bilateral medial parabrachial nucleus, deep tegmental nucleus of midbrain, lateral hypothalamic area; homolateral deep layer of superior colliculus, zona incerta; contralateral nucleus of solitary tract; and posteromedian septum, central tegmental nucleus, dorsal nucleus of the raphe. The afferent neurons from cuneate nucleus, gracile nucleus, nucleus of spinal tract of trigeminal nerve, nucleus of solitary tract mainly located below the level of obex. The results mentioned above suggested that the inferior colliculus is not only an auditorial relay nucleus, but also a complex body which is of different functions.

Objective Inaccurate dosing is an important cause of medical malpractice, how to adjust the medication dose to overcome the excessive deviation will be discussed in this paper. Methods Gold zone method was proposed on the basis of the probability theory and mathematical statistics for handling inaccurate dosing problems. Investigation and study in large sample size was carried out on adverse reactions of Cefamandole Nafate for Injection by adopting the method. Results The conclusions from the super large sample size test indicate that there is highly significant difference of total adverse reaction rates between taking values within and outside golden zone of dosage, and the adverse reaction rate of taking values within golden zone is significantly lower than that of outside golden zone. It is noteworthy that when dosage was lower than golden zone,the adverse reaction rate was significantly increased,which is more than 4 times of that within golden zone. Conclusion It is effective measures and simply and easy to apply that taking values within golden zone of dosage reduce adverse drug reactions,probability within golden zone less than 1/4 range of experience that contains the actual demand of the body up to 70%.

Objective To investigate the effect of autologous transplantation of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) on oleic acid-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in rabbits. Methods Thirty New Zealand long ear rabbits weighing 1.8-2.0 kg were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n = 15 each): normal saline group (group NS) and EPC group. ALI was induced by iv oleic acid 80 mg/kg. EPC (106/200 μl) or equal volume of normal saline (NS) was administered iv at 4 h after iv oleic acid injection. Arterial blood samples were obtained before (T0) and at 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h (T1-5) after oleic acid injection for blood gas analysis and determination of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentration. The animals were then scrificed (at T5 ) and the lungs were removed for microscopic examination and determination of W/D lung weight ratio, Pulmonary infiltration of PMN and non-PMN was counted and hyaline membrane formation and hemorrhage were examined. Results PaO2/FaO2 ratio and serum VEGF concentration were significantly higher in group EPC than in group NS. Infiltration of leukocytes in the lung was significantly reduced by EPC transplantation. EPC also decreased lung water content, hyaline membrane formation and hemorrhage in the lungs. Conclusion Autologous transplantation of circulating EPC can ameliorate oleic acid-induced acute lung injury in rabbits.

Up to date, there are two types of drugs approved to treat hepatitis B: interferons and nucleos (t) ide analogues. However, the therapies are limited in the clinical context because of the negative side effects of interferon-α and the development of substantial viral resistance to nucleos (t) idic inhibitors. Therefore, new drugs with novel structures and mechanisms are needed. In this article, the drugs approved by FDA or the European Commission for treating chronic hepatitis B virus infection, as well as those under clinical trials, and several compounds in preclinical studies are reviewed. Additionally, some potential targets and strategies to combat chronic hepatitis B virus infection are discussed.

Atrial fibrillation (AF)is a strong risk factor for ischemic cerebral stroke.Some inherent defects of War-farin limit its clinic application,which accelerates research and development of new oral anticoagulants,such as Dabigatran,Apixaban,Rivaroxaban and Edoxaban etc..This article made an overview for these.

Patients receiving long-term anticoagulation therapy of vitamin K antagonist (VKA)may face risk of bleeding when receive surgery or invasive operation,and perioperative interruption of VKA may increase risk of thromboembolism.Bridging anticoagulation therapy with therapeutic dose of heparin group drugs may avoid throm-boembolic events induced by temporary interruption of VKA therapy during perioperative period.This article made a relative discussion.

Bacterial communities usually develop biofilms abound in nature niche. The development of biofilm is a highly dynamic and complex process coordinated by multiple mechanisms, of which two-component system and quorum sensing are two well-defined systems. Biofilm is involved in the virulence of many pathogens. Therefore, targeting the key factors involved in the biofilm formation represents a novel and promising avenue for developing better antibiotics.

0.05). Conclusion Though the noninvasive MRCP offers a diagnostic means equivalent to that of ERCP it is still too early to say it will take the place of ERCP.

2.5-7.0,a close correlation can be seen between the indoor and outdoor air.