OBJECTIVE:To evaluate current state of the use of anti-infection drugs in our hospital during the two invi?tation tenders period so as to lead to a rational clinical drug use and to improve the drugs management level.METHODS:The data of anti-infection drugs used in our hospital from August,2002to July,2004was analysed by sequencing the sales volume and DDDs.RESULTS:During these two years,the sales volume for the anti-infection drugs amounted to28.25%and30.60%among the total respectively,with a yearly increase at30.67%,which is higher than that of the total sales which increase percentage of20.29%;the sales amount and the variety of cephalosporins ranked among the first;rank order for various vari?eties had a big change.CONCLUSION:Invitation tender for drugs led to the standardization of the purchase behavior of hos?pital,the average daily consumption for the majority varieties has decreased with little range.

Hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA) or Klatskin tumor is a scirrhous adenocarcinoma that arises from the conjunction of bile duct and hepatic ducts.Hepatic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) are important methods for the diagnosis of HCCA.In this article,the clinical data of 42 patients in the Changhai Hospital and 18 patients in the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital who received MRI and MRCP examination from October 2010 to October 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the pathological features,HCCA could be divided into mass-forming type,infiltrating type and intraductal type.Based on the results of imaging examination and intra-and postoperative pathological examination,Bismuth-Corlette types were decided pre-and postoperatively.The coincidence rate of pre-and postoperative Bismuth-Corlette types was 89.7％ (35/39).Infiltration of liver parenchyma was both detected pre-and postoperatively in 19 patients (16 patients were detected by MRI preoperatively),and the sensitivity of MRI was 84.2％ ; vascular invasion was both detected pre-and postoperatively in 10 patients (12 patients were detected by MRI preoperatively),and the sensitivity of MRI was 83.3％ ; hilar and retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis was both detected pre-and postoperatively in 6 patients (4 patients were detected by MRI preoperatively),and the sensitivity of MRI was 66.7％.Combined application of different sequences and techniques of MRI is helpful in the diagnosis,staging and treatment of HCCA.

OBJECTIVE:To study the compatible stability of Levofloxacin hydrochloride injection with Inosine in sodium chloride injection. METHODS:Levofloxacin hydrochloride injection was mixed with Inosine in sodium chloride. Then UV spectrophotometry was applied to detect the change of content at 20 ℃ within 6 hours. The change of appearance,pH value,content of mixture,insoluble particle were also observed. RESULTS:The change of appearance,pH value,content of mixture,insoluble particle in mixture was not found out. CONCLUSION:Levofloxacin hydrochloride injection mixing with Inosine in sodium chloride injection is suitable for clinical use within 6 h.

Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO),as the contrast agent of MRI,possesses two major properties:long half time in the plasma and specific binding with macrophages.Compared with gadolinium,widely-used in clinic presently,USPIO has its unique advantages in diagnosis of central nervous system diseases,though which still need further clinical verification.This article reviews the application of USPIO in MRI diagnosis of some central nervous system diseases.

Aortic aneurysms appear to have a predilection for the infrarenal aorta. This study is to explain the predilection by using the analysis of wall circumferential tension and stress. 20 healthy persons and 6 infrarenal aortic aneurysm patients were studied. The blood pressures were endoluminally recorded at different sites from the descending aorta to the common iliac artery. The radius of vessel and the thickness of vascular wall were measured by MRI scanning. The wall circumferential tension and stress were calculated. The results showed that the greatest wall stress was at the infrarenal aorta and at the body and exit of aneurysms. Common iliac artery's wall stress was decreased, but greater than thoracic, suprarenal aorta and entrance of aneurysms. These findings suggest that the grent wall circumferential stress may be one cause to make infrenal aorta damageable and be prone to form aneurysms. The increasing stress of the aneurymls exit and common iliac artery′s wall can promote aneurysms to invade distant and common iliac artery.

0.05). No adverse reations occurred. Conclusion: Yinghuajiedu Granules is safe and effective for influenza with wind heat type.

The sample introduction system of a cool vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometer made domestically was modified for taking the mercury vapor which was pre-concentrated in a capture mercury gold cartridge as gold amalgam generated on-line by pyrolyzing atmospheric particulate collected from an air conditioner. The temperatures that applied) to sample pyrolyzer to generate elemental mercury and capture mercury gold cartridge to release mercury from amalgam were 700-750 ℃ and 550 ℃, respectively. The carrier Ar flow rate was 120 mL/min. The method detection limit was 1 pg, mercury content showed a linear relationship in 0-1.5 ng), and RSD was 2.2%. The method was validated by determining mercury in the national soil standards) GBW07410. The method was Applied to determine the mercury content in the atmospheric particulate from a hospital air conditioner.

Objective: To explore the values for rejection research of the models through observing rejection rulers following small bowel transplantation(SBT)in Inbred strain rats.Mothods: Heterotopic SBT models were established with Inbred strain F344/RT11 and BN/RT1n by microsurgical technique according to Monchik method,including Isotransplantation(F344→F344,n=8)and allotransplantation(BN→F344, n=8).Results: 1.The mean living time was over 30 days in IT x group ,which was 12 days in AT x group.2.The general conditions have no significant difference on various time points of postoperative day(POD)in IT x group,while pathological features of grafts were concided with diagnosis of nonspecific slight inflammation on POD3 and were the same as the normal grafts on POD 0?5?7 and 9.3.Significant difference of IL-2R? chain and ?-INF mRNA transcription was earlier than pathological feature appearance of rejection.4.The general conditions and pathological features of grafts were concided with diagnosis of mild,moderate and severe actute rejection in AT x group on POD 5?7and 9 respectively.Conclusion:Inbred strain BN to F344 combination is fitter for research on rejection mechanism than F344 to Wistar combination and Outbred strain Wistar to SD combination.

CT findings of hepatic abscesses in 80 patients were retrospectively analyzed. The results showed that most of hepatic abscesses tended to be round or oval (62/80, 77.5%) because of higher osmotic pressure within the cavities. All intrahepatic foci appeared as the hypodense area on CT scans, and their CT attenuation values varied with the amount of fibrin, fatty degenerated leukocytes and necrolic sequesters. The enhanced CT scans showed the lesions more clearly than the unenhanced. Rim enhancement in the wall of abscess was the typical finding (62/80, 77.5%). The detection of “target sign” is highly suggestive of abscess formation and diagnosis of abscess is more valid if there is the gas within the cavities. But some of abscesses were hetrogenerous in density and appeared as “cluster sign” which was composed of the numberous small abscesses and may evolule the larger cavities with multisepta. The chest findings companicd with hepatic abscesses are much common (72/80, 90%). It is difficult to diagnose hepatic abscesses when the margin of lesions is poorly defined and not enhanced after contrast. In (general, CT is an effective, tool in diangosis of abscesses(74/80,accuracy 92.5%).

Objective To investigate MR imaging findings of hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) on unenhanced and dynamic contrast enhanced scans and evaluate their diagnostic value. Methods The unenhanced and dynamic gadolinium enhanced MR images of 22 FNHs proved by pathology were retrospectively analyzed. Results Average size of FNH lesions was 4.05 cm. The typical MR isointensity signal with surrounded hepatic parenchyma on T 1 and T 2 weighted images was seen in only 4 lesions, while atypical signal was encountered in 18 lesions. A central scar was noted in 8 lesions on unenhanced images. After gadolinium administration, 21 lesions had vigorous enhancement on arterial phase and prolonged enhancement on portal vein and delayed phase. The ring enhancement of capsule was noted in 2 lesions on portal vein and delayed phase. 18 lesions showed a central scar on dynamic contrast enhanced images. 19 lesions were correctly diagosed by using the combination of unenhanced and dynamic contrast enhanced MR imaging. Conclusion The combination of unenhanced and dynamic contrast enhanced MR imaging can fully show the pathologic characteristics of FNH and improve to differeniate ability from other malignant hypervascular tumors.