Objective To reveal the distribution and effects of peripheral nerve axolemma ion channels in experimental allergic neuritis(EAN).Methods The alteration of Na+ and K+ channels on peripheral nerves(PNs) in the course of EAN was observed and the relationship between the channels and nerve conduction properties was analyzed by assessing histology and electrophysiology of PNs as well as clinical severity.Results Na+ and K+ channels obviously decreased on day 9 post immunization(p.i.),a time point of disease onset,and quickly became undetectable in next two weeks.Undergoing a slow and incomplete regeneration,neither of the channels regained the normal appearance on day 85 p.i.even if the clinical symptom disappeared several weeks before.Na+ and K+ channels had a synchronous development during disease course and remained a close correlation with the alteration of paranodal myelin.Electrophysiological abnormality kept consistent with the disturbance of PNs just in the acute period of EAN(9-23d p.i.) and the compound muscle action potential(CMAP) amplitude partly reflected the distribution of axolemma ion channels.Conclusion Loss of axolemma ion channels of PNs might be one of the reasons directly leading to the early symptoms of EAN.As a structural component,the channels were liable to damage and difficult to restore.The clustering and maintenance of the channels were closely related with the specialized paranodal myelin.

OBJECTIVETo critically assess the quality of literature about systematic review or meta-analysis on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) published in Chinese journals.

METHODSElectronic searches in CNKI, VIP and Wanfang data-base were conducted to retrieve the systematic reviews or meta-analysis reports on TCM, including herbal medicine, needling, acupuncture and moxibustion, as well as integrative medicine, they were identified and extracted according to the 18 items of QUOROM (quality of reporting of meta-analyses) Statement and relative information. The appraisal was made taking the indexes mainly including objectives, source of data, methods of data extraction, quality assessment of the included studies, measurement data synthesis, etc.

RESULTSEighty-two systematic reviews were identified, except 6 reviews were excluded for repeatedly published or didn't comply with the enrolled criterion, 76 reviews concerning 51 kinds of diseases were enrolled for appraisal. Among them, 70 reviews evaluated the efficacy of TCM, mainly on Chinese herbs and 9 on acupuncture and moxibustion. In majority of the reviews, randomised controlled trials were included and the data resources were described, but in 26 reviews only the Chinese databases were searched and the description about data extraction and analysis method were too simple; and 70% of reviews assessed the quality of the included studies; none used flow chart to express the process of selection, inclusion and exclusion of studies.

CONCLUSIONSFew reviews or Meta-analysis reports reached the international standard and there is insufficient description of methodology for conducting systematic reviews, so it is hardly to be repeated. The authors suggested that advanced methodological training is necessary for reviewers.

Acupuncture Therapy ; China ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Periodicals as Topic ; standards ; Quality Control ; Review Literature as Topic

The main objectives of qualitative research lies in exploring the opinion, attitude, behavior, and experience of a person as a social role, also a patient. This essay introduces the basic characteristics of qualitative research, including its natural property, inductive method adopted, open character and wholism concept; the results of qualitative research are presented in a text form; and its commonly used methods include observation, individual interview and focus group discussion.
Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Qualitative Research ; Research Design

Objective To study optical intrinsic signal (OIS) imaging of peri-infarct depolarizations (PIDs) in mice and investigate the influence of knockout of glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin on PIDs. Methods GFAP-/-Vim-/-mice and GFAP+/+Vim+/+mice were subjected to MCAO by standard intraluminal filament method. The main characteristics of PIDs in 4 h were studied by 4-wavelength OIS imaging technique. Results PIDs were identified as consistent, red and blue interaction waves in the cortical reflectance that slowly propagated peripherally from the origin site. There were 5 patterns of PID propagation, namely rostro-caudal, latero-medial, caudo-rostral, contralateral and medial-lateral. No significant differences were found in PID frequency, propagation patterns, velocity or duration time between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The 4-wavelength OIS system allows acquisition of high temporal-spatial resolution color images for analyzing temporal-spatial characteristics of PIDs in detail. Knockout of GFAP and vimentin do not affect PIDs in 4 h following middle cerebral artery occlusion.

Objective To study optical intrinsic signal (OIS) imaging of peri-infarct depolarizations (PIDs) in mice and investigate the influence of knockout of glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin on PIDs. Methods GFAP-/-Vim-/-mice and GFAP+/+Vim+/+mice were subjected to MCAO by standard intraluminal filament method. The main characteristics of PIDs in 4 h were studied by 4-wavelength OIS imaging technique. Results PIDs were identified as consistent, red and blue interaction waves in the cortical reflectance that slowly propagated peripherally from the origin site. There were 5 patterns of PID propagation, namely rostro-caudal, latero-medial, caudo-rostral, contralateral and medial-lateral. No significant differences were found in PID frequency, propagation patterns, velocity or duration time between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The 4-wavelength OIS system allows acquisition of high temporal-spatial resolution color images for analyzing temporal-spatial characteristics of PIDs in detail. Knockout of GFAP and vimentin do not affect PIDs in 4 h following middle cerebral artery occlusion.