OBJECTIVE:To study the extracting and purifying process of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides(ABP). METHODS:Crude polysaccharide was obtained by extracting ABP raw material by water decocting method.The Crude polysaccharide was purified(deproteinization,desalination and alcohol precipitation) to obtain ABP.The content of total polysaccharide was taken as an evaluation index to optimize the optimum conditions of extracting and purifying.RESULTS: The optimum water decoction conditions were as follows:ABP raw material was extracted three times (2 h/time) by adding 10 times amount of water.As for the deproteinization process,TCA(trichloracetic acid) method was superior to Sevage method and tannic acid method;Desalination by molecular sieve was superior to that by dialysis method; and alcohol precipitation was performed with 80% alcohol.CONCLUSION:ABP can be prepared by water decoction,deproteinization,desalination and alcohol precipitation of its raw material.

BACKGROUND:In recent years, the use of chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells (CAR-T cells) has achieved good results in the treatment of hematological malignancies. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the CAR-T technology, and its anti-tumor mechamism, progress in the treatment of hematological malignancies as well as its safety and coping strategies. METHODS:A search of PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang by computer was performed for articles related to CAR-T published from January 2010 to January 2016, using the keywords of CAR-T in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The main principles that CAR-T cells fight against tumors are as follows: (1) resistance to immune escape through down-regulation of MHC; (2) production of interleukin-6, -10 indirectly influences the growth of tumor cells; and (3) tumor microenvironment changes inhibit tumor growth. The use of CAR-T in the treatment of hematological malignancies has been developed by leaps and bounds in recent years. Current studies concerning B cell lymphoma mainly focus on anti-CD19 CAR-T cells that have certain therapeutic effects on acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, its safety and effectiveness have yet to be studied.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between NK cytotoxicity and anemia in uremia. Methods The effect of rHuEPO on natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxic activity was studied in 12 hemodialysis(HD) patients. Results The levels of hemoglobin (Hb) and NK cell activity were significantly lower in HID patients than that in healthy controls. After two months of the treatment with rHuEPO, the levels of Hb in these patients rose significantly with a parallel rise in NK cell activity. NK cell activity was not increased when they were incubated with rHuEOP but was increased with red blcxxl cells. Conclusion Improved NK cell cytotoxicity in HD patients after treatment with rHuEPO was achieved through the rise in R15C rather than through rHuEPO itself.

Objective To determine the expression of advanced glycation end products(AGE) binding proteins on human joint synovial cells for elucidating the pathobiological effects of ?2m modified with AGE(AGE-?2m) on joint resident cells. Methods Type A and type B synovial cells were isolated and cultured in vitro. The expression of AGE receptor 1 (ACE-R1 ), AGE receptor 2 (AGE-R2), AGE receptor 3 (AGE-R3) and 35 KD receptor for AGE(RAGE) on synoviocytes were detected by immunofluorescent staining using specific antibodies and flow cytometric analyses. mRNA of AGE receptors was examined by RT-PCR techniques.-Results RAGE and AGE-R3, but not AGE-R1 and AGE-R2, were constitutively expressed on the membrane surface of both type A and type B synovial cells. These two types of synovial cell also expressed mRNA of RAGE and AGE-R3. Conclusion Human joint synovial cells express specific AGE binding proteins, RAGE and AGE-R3, suggesting that these cells may be involved in AGE metabolism and might be the target of the biological effects of AGEs in dialysis-related amyloidosis.

To elucidate the effects of pro inflammatory mediators on mRNA expression of AGE receptors in type B synovial cells, type B synovial cells from normal subjects were isolated and cultured in vitro with human serum albumin modified with advanced glycation end products (AGE HSA), tumor necrosis factor ?(TNF ?)and interleukin 1?(IL 1?). The expression of RAGE mRNA and AGE R3 mRNA was examined by RT PCR techniques. TNF ?, AGE HSA and IL 1? up regulated the expression of AGE R3 mRNA in type B synovial cells in a dose and time dependent manner. In contrast, TNF ? and AGE HSA down regulated the expression of RAGE mRNA in a dose and time dependent manner. IL 1? had no effect on RAGE mRNA expression. The regulatory responses induced by AGE HSA were blocked by a neutralizing polyclonal anti human TNF ? antibody, suggesting that the effects of AGE HSA were mediated by TNF ?. The proinflammatory mediators may regulate the gene expression of AGE receptors in type B synovial cells, and the regulatory role of these receptors is different in response to the proinflammatory mediators.

The purpose of this study was to explore the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients with or without renal replacement therapy and to evaluate the effect of chemoprophylaxis on incidence of active TB. A total of 3360 CRF patients from April 1989 to Sept. 2002 were enrolled in this study. Chemoprophylaxis for TB was given to the patients with increased serum anti PPD IgG levels from Jan. 1995 to Sept. 2002. The prevalence of active TB during this period was compared with that of the historical control group from April 1989 to Dec. 1998 (without prophylaxis). The results showed that the overall incidence of active TB in all patients was 2 4% (82/3360). Extrapulmonary TB was the most common feature (75 6%) with the major infective sites in pleura (20 7%) and lymph node (17 7%). There were 58 5% patients with active TB showing increased serum and/or serous exudate anti PPD IgG levels and 24 2% patients showing positive TB bacillus DNA (PCR). The total incidences of TB (1 76%) and disseminated TB (2 3%) in the chemoprophylaxis group were significantly lower than those in the non chemoprophylaxis group (4 1% and 7 5%, respectively, P

Objective The study was performed to determined the significance and safety of liver biopsies in these patients as a pre-transplantation screening test. Methods From January 1999 to August 2002, seventy-four renal transplant recipients with hepatitis B or C virus infection were received the percutaneous liver biopsy. The severity of liver inflammation(G) and fibrosis(S) were evaluated by semi-quantity technique. The patients whose liver histological diagnosis was G 0-2 S 0-2 received renal transplantation(n=31). Patients with hepatitis B or C virus infection who received renal transplantation in the period of January 1995 to December 1998 were selected as historic controls. Normal level of serum transaminase was considered as a indication for the received renal transplantation during this period. The incidence of liver dysfunction after transplantation was compared between the two groups. Results It showed among thirty-one patients received renal transplantation from 1999-2002, only 1 patient (3.2%) developed liver failure after transplantation. However, among 60 patients of historic control, 17 (23.8%) suffered from liver dysfunction (P

Objective To discuss the value of TAI, TAE and PEI treatments for intermediate and advanced stages of hepatic cancers.Methods Conventional TAE, TAI, PEI perfusion chemotherapy and mulitiple percutaneous transhepatic injection of pure alcohol under guidance of fluoroscopy and CT were used for different cases. Results Follow up 1-3 year. 1,2,3 year survival rates were 60.3%, 28.6%, 17.3% respectively.Conclusions Combination interventional treatment in intermediate and advanced stages of hepatic is very important outcoming with high efficacy.

Objective: Enhanced expression of adhesion molecules on synovial tissu e has been demonstrated in patients with dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA). T he study was conducted to elucidate the mechanisms by which the expression of adh esion molecules on synovial cells was up-regulated.Methods: Human type-B synov ial cells were cultured in vitro with β2-microglobulin modified with adva nced glycation end products (AGE-β2m) , native β2-microglobulin (β2 m) , tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）and interleukin -1β（ IL-1β）. The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1), vasc ular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1), and E-selectin was examined by immunofluor esc enct staining and flow cytometer analysis. Results:ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, but not E -selectin, were constitutively expressed on human type-B synovial cells. TNF -α a nd IL-1β enhanced the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in a dose- and time - depen dent manner. Neither of these cytokines appeared to induce the expression of E - selectin. Both β2m and AGE-β2m had no direct effect on the expression of the a dhesion molecules.Conclusion: Elevated level of IL-1β and TNF-α in the synov ial tissue may up-regulate the expression of adhesion molecules on synovial cel ls and therefore promote local monocytes infiltration.

Objective To observe the preventive effect against sea-sickness of “anti-sick syrup” and “prevent-sick syrup” on voyage at sea. Methods A double-blind controlled trial was carried out in landing craft. 986 volunteers unaccustomed to sailing in their fist voyage at sea were divided into four groups, control group and group A to C, with ingestion, half an hour before setting sail, of placebo syrup, “anti-sick syrup”, “prevent-sick syrup” and “anti-sick syrup” plus “prevent-sick syrup”, respectively. The symptoms of seasickness were then recorded. Results The prophylactic effects have shown in all the groups. However, the effects shown in control group were significantly less than that in other groups (P