Autism is a perplexing developmental disorder that presents itself in a variety of behavioral disorders. Research indicates that through early intervention and appropriate treatment these behaviors can be improved. This article reviews and critiques several of the current treatment programs for children with autism. These include Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA), TEACCH,Sign Language, Facilitated Communication, Piture Exchange Comminication System (PECS), Object Exchange, Auditory Integration Therapy (AIT), and augmentative communication. When appropriate, the treatments were reviewed for their abilities to increase attention, imitation and initiation, social interaction and intentional communication, language development, and emotional regulation. The article, hopefully, provides parents and professionals a clearer choice as to what treatment is most appropriate for which child and when to use them.

Objective To determine whether pancreatic ductal preservation(pancreatic ductal injection of sparing TIUW solution at the time of pancreas procurement)can improve islet yield and function after cold preservation of pancreas.Methods Pancreases were classified into five groups:fresh pancreases(group1 ,n= 10);preserved for 6 hr in TIUW solution without and with pancreatic ductal preservation by TIUW solution(group2, n=10 and group3, n = 10);preserved for 24 hr in TIUW solution without and with pancreatic ductal preservation by TIUW solution(group4 ,n= 10 and group5,n= 10).Dithizon(DTZ)staining was used to identify islet morphous and yield, trypan blue uptake(TBU)was used to assess the nonviability of islets, the insulin secretory response to glucose was used to evaluate islet function in vitro, islet transplantation was used to determine islet function in vivo.Results Islet yields per pancreas after purification in group 1 to 5 were 590± 127, 272 ± 50,454 ± 65, 253± 56, 447 ± 66(islet equivalent ± SD), respectively.Percentage of nonviable islets in grouplto5were(5.7±4.2)%,(18.3±6.5)%,(11.7±4.2)%,(26.3±5.6)%,(15.0±5.3)%.Stimulation index in group 1 to 5 were 7.32±2.32, 4.81±1.17, 7.56±2.44, 2.88±1.00, 5.71±1.90.Cure rates in group 1 to 5 were 100%, 0%, 100%, 0%, 70%.In this study, the differences were significant between control groups and experimental groups(P＜0.05, group 2 vs.group3 and group4 vs.group5).Conclusion The pancreatic ductal preservation can improve islet yield and function.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is activated trypsin-induced pancreatic and its peripheral tissue inflammation caused by their own digestion.The activation in advance of trypsinogen and the inflammation cascade in pancreatic acinar cells are thought to be a key mechanism of the onset and development of AP.Autophagy pathway acting as Ⅱ type of programmed cell death occurs in the early pathological course of AP,blockade of which contributes to aggravating necrosis of acinar cells in AP.This article mainly discussed the recent advances in the understanding of autophagy researches and its function in the mechanism of AP.

Objective To study the condition for induction and differentiation of callus and propagation of adventitious buds in lamina,stem,and bud of Bupleurum chinese and establish a new method for rapid propagation.Methods In MS media added with different phytohormones,calli were induced from explants of lamina,stem,and floral bud of B.chinese,adventitious buds and adventitious roots were differentiated from calli of stem and floral bud,test-tube plantlets were formed.Results MS Medium added with 2,4-D 1.0 mg/L,KT 0.5 mg/L,and 6-BA 0.5 mg/L was suitable for calli induction of the lamina,stems,and floral buds.In medium added with 6-BA 1.0 mg/L,NAA 0.03 mg/L,CM 15% and CH 500 mg/L,the differentiation rate of floral buds callus was the highest.MS Medium added with 6-BA 1.5 mg/L,NAA 0.05 mg/L and CH 250 mg/L was suitable for propagation of test-tube plantlets,1/2 MS medium added with NAA 0.5 mg/L was suitable for rooting.Conclusion A great deal of test-tube plantlets could be differentiated and propagated rapidly by calli induced from stems and floral buds of B.chinese.Then the regeneration plantlets with normal growth and development are obtained.

Objective: To compare the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of verapamil hydrochloride pulsed release tablets with core tablets. Methods: Latin test was employed in the single oral administration of the Ⅲ,Ⅳ type of pulsed release tablets and core tablets in 8 volunteers. The pharmaceutics behavior of the tablet in vivo was evaluated by the lag time, c max ,AUC and so on. Results: The pharmacokinetics results demonstrated that the Ⅲ type of pulsed tablet in humans could be released after about 4 h lag time. In a proper range, pulsed release tablets only changed the beginning time while c max and AUC were not different from the core tablets. Conclusion: A new system to reduce the early morning symptoms of ischemic heart disease is prepared. [

Objective To compare the time course of distribution and elimination of gelatin and lactated Ringer's solution (LR) by volume kinetics and mass balance analysis during hemorrhagic shock in dogs, and try to design and optimize fluid therapy in a more scientific manner. Methods Twenty dogs were randomly divided into 4 groups: CL group, CG group, BL group, and BG group. Each animal was subjected to two randomly ordered experiments that separated for at least 1 week. In the first phase, plasma volume expansion was studied in the state of anesthesia, animals received 30 mL/kg of LR (CL group) or 10 mL/kg of gelatin (CG group) over 30 min. In the second phase, plasma volume expansion was studied in the state of hemorrhagic shock, animals received 30 mL/kg of LR (BL group) or 10 mL/kg of gelatin (BG group) over 30 min. Hb concentration and Hct were measured every 5 min during and after infusion for 90 min. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded at the same time. The distribution and elimination of infused fluid were studied by volume kinetics, based on serial analysis of hemoglobin dilution in arterial blood, and by mass balance that incorporated volume calculations derived from volume kinetic analysis and measurements of urinary volumes. Results When a one-volume kinetic model was fitted to the data, the value of V and Kr in CG, BL, and BG group were significantly smaller than those in CL group (P<0.05), which could be found from the computer-generated curves.When a two-volume kinetic model was fitted to the data, the value of V1, Kr, Kt in BL group were significantly smaller than those in CL group (P<0.05). The calculations based on mass balance corresponded to the predicted based on volume kinetics. The change of central volume (CCV) in BL, BG, and CG group was significantly greater than those in CL group (P<0.05). The VEE in BG and CG group was significantly higher than that in BL and CL group. The value of VEE in BL group was significantly higher than that in CL group (P<0.05). Conclusions Both of the efficacy of lactated Ringer's solution and gelatin increased significantly in the state of hemorrhagic shock, and the former increased more.

Objective To evaluation the diagnostic value of echocardiography in mechanical prosthesis valve dysfunction(MPVD).Methods Fifty-two patients who underwent reoperation due to MPVD were included,and the preoperative,introperative and postoperative results of echocardiography was compared with the results of surgery or pathologic diagnosis.Results The etiology of MPVD based on cardiac surgery was thrombus in 12,fibrous tissue hyperplasia in 23,thrombus and fibrous tissue hyperplasia in 16,lost of mechanical disc in 1.The types of MPVD diagnosed by echocardiography were stenosis in 29,regurgitation in 2,stenosis and regrigitation in 12,intermittent obstruction in 8,and total obstruction in 1.Successful assessment of prosthetic disc by transthoracic echocardiography was 78.4％ and can be improved to 96.1 ％ when combined with transesophageal echocardiography.Complementary message by transesophageal echocardiography were provided in 10 patients and corrective message in 1 patient.No recurrent MPVD was find during the follow-up.Conclusions Echocardiography can be used as the frist choice for the evaluation of the MPVD and can make precise assessment of the abnormal hemodynamic change and state of motion of the valve.

microRNAs combined with specific mRNAs are 19-25 nucleotide-long small-molecule RNA that mediate sequence-dependent post-transcriptional gene expression.Accumulating evidences indicate that microRNAs target critical signal transduction molecules of immune system,and involve in regulation of immune tolerance.Recently,microRNAs have been a potential biomarker,and are widely useded in diagnosis and prognosis of cancer,infectious disease,autoimmune disease,and transplantation.If we can further identify regulatory mechanism of microRNAs and their target genes,which makes possible the successful induction of immune tolerance and exert a huge push on organ transplantation.

Objective To observe the effect of daidzein on extracellular matrix of uremic rats and to discuss its mechanism.Methods Uremic rat model were established by 5/6 nephrectomized. Model rats were devided into daidzein group, control group. Rats with sham-operation were regarded as the normal control. At time of baseline, 4th and 8th week after operation, urinary protein and biochemical detection were measured. The pathologic changes, fibronectin (FN) and typeⅣcollagen (ColⅣ) were investigated at 8th week. The Western-Blot and RT-PCR were used to measure protein expression and mRNA transcription of TGF-β1. Results At 8th week after operation, the urinary protein (12.35 ± 2.13 mg/24 hvs. 19.93 ± 3.19 mg/24 h), serum urea (10.11 ± 0.65 mmol/Lvs.12.09 ± 0.78 mmol/L) and creatinine (68.10 ± 2.51μmol/Lvs.77.63 ± 3.20μmol/L) in the daidzein group decreased significantly than those in the control group (P<0.01). The deposition of ColⅣ (16.33% ± 2.14%vs. 24.68% ± 3.97%) and FN (19.17 ± 2.68 vs. 29.35 ± 4.15) in the daidzein group decreased significantly than those in the control group (P<0.01). Compared with control group, the pathological lesion in the daidzein group was less serious. The mRNA transcription (0.37 ± 0.06vs. 0.64 ± 0.08) and protein expression of TGF-β1 (0.28 ± 0.09vs. 1.40 ± 0.13) in the daidzein group were attenuated significantly than those in the control group (P<0.05). ConclusionsDaidzein had a beneficial effect on uremic rats. It may be associated with a decrease of extracellular matrix accumulation.

Objective To investigate the effect of genistein on deposition of extracellular matrix(ECM) in uremic rats and its mechanism.Methods The uremic rat model was established by 5/6 nephrectomy.The model rats were divided into the genistein group(G) and control group (C).The sham-operation group served as the normal control(S).Urinary protein and biochemical indexes before operation,at postoperative 4,8 weeks were measured in various groups.The pathologic changes of renal tissue were observed.The glomerular sclerosis index(GSI) was evaluated by the semi-quantitative method.fibronectin(FN) and type Ⅳ collagen (ColⅣ) deposition situation were detected by using the immunohistochemical method.Western blot and RT-PCR were used to measure the protein expression and mRNA transcription of TGF-β1.Results Comparing postoperative 4 weeks with the group C,the urinary protein excretion amount was decreased[(11.63 ± 2.07) mg/d vs.(19.93 ± 3.19) mg/d,all P＜ 0.01],serum urea nitrogen and creatinine levels of the group G were decreased[(9.39±0.59)mmol/L vs.(12.09±0.78)mmol/L,(65.11±3.79)mmol/L vs.(77.63±3.20)μmol/L,all P＜0.01].Until postoperative 8 weeks,the urinary protein excretion amount was decreased and the decrease of serum urea nitrogen and creatinine levels was more obvious.The deposition of ColⅣ and FN in renal glomerulus was lower than that of the control group[(17.30±1.96)％ vs.(24.68±3.97)％;(18.26±2.31)％ vs.(29.35±4.15)％,all P＜ 0.01].Glomerular sclerosis was significantly alleviated.The TGF-β1mRNA and protein expression were attenuated (P＜0.05).Conclusion Genistein can reduce the deposition of ECM in uremic rats and has a protective effect on kidney.