Nanomedicine offers great promise for early diagnosis and treatment of formidable diseases. The unique morphology and biology characteristics of bacteriophage provide unprecedented opportunity for such endeavor. The paper summarizes the application of bacteriophage in nanobiomaterials, nanomedicine, nanomedicine delivery and nanodiagnosis, especially the nano-imaging reagents and future direction concerning nanomedicine based on bacteriophage.

Objective To compare the effect of two different time for intravenous dexmedeto-midine alleviates shivering during parturients cesarean undercombined spinal-epidural anaesthesia. Methods One hundred and twenty parturients delivery under combined spinal-epidural anaesthesiawere equally randomized into three groups.The parturients were intravenously injected with dexmedetomidine 0.4 μg/kg (15 min)at 15 min before the beginning of anesthesia (group A)or the time immediately after delivery of fetus (group B)respectively.Moreover,group C was the control group.Parturientsin group C were given equal volume of normal saline.Mean arterial pressure (MAP),heart rate(HR),pulse oxygen saturation (SpO 2 )and ear temperature were recorded respec-tively.Apgar scores of the fetus at 1 min and 5 min,the incidence and grade of shivering response, Ramsay sedative grade and adverse responses such as nausea,vomiting and traction reaction were re-corded as well.Results By 30 min after operation,2 parturients (5%)in group A,8 parturients (20%)in group B and 19 parturients (47.5%)in group C experienced shivering.Traction reaction was observed in 2 parturients (5%)in group A,in 3 parturients (7.5%)in group B and in 10 parturi-ents (25%)in group C respectively.Compared with group C,the incidence rate and degree of shive-ring were significantly lower in groups of A and B (P <0.05),as well as the traction reaction (P <0.05).The incidence rate and degree of shivering in group A were significantly lower than that in group B (P <0.05),but the incidence rates of traction reaction were not statistically different between the two groups.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine administered before combined spina-epidural anesthesia could prevented shivering response in parturients undergoing cesarean section better than being injected immediately after the birth offetus.

The rate of stroke has been rising year by year and become the world's major cause of mortality and disability. The high rate of disability did not only bring economical burden to society and family, but also induce psychological damage to patients. Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a most common mental complications of stroke. In recent years, More and more attentions have been paid to PSD. This article reviewed the cause and mechanism of PSD and the treatment with Chaihu Shugan Powder on it.

We find that there is a correlation among thesize of ventricular septal defect (VSD) (X_2), PaO_2(X_3), V. /V. (X_7) and pulmonary systolic pressure(Y_1), diastolic pressure (Y_2), mean pressure (Y_3)by multivariate stepwise regression analysis, andso there are their parameters in the regression e-quations. The regression equations are Y_1 = 13. 24+ 0. 22X_2 - 0. 09X_3 + 0. 14X_7; Y_2 = 0. 65 + 0. 24X_2+ 0. 12X_7; Y_3 = 3. 54+ 0. 17X_2 + 0. 16X_7. But thecourse of the disease, ∑9 leads QRS dimension,R. /R., L. /L. are non-dominant factors, and sothere are not their parameters in the regression e-quation. The above-mentioned equations mayavoid the patients. with mild, moderate pulmonaryhypertension to have invasive examination, and re-duce its complications.

Objective To assess the value of CT in diagnosis of recurrent rectal carcinoma.Methods Forty seven patients who had undergone locally curative surgery were examined by CT.All patients received intravenous contrast medium and two oral doses and a intrarectal doses of 500 ml 3% Ultravist were given.The characters of benign and malignant lesions were analysed in order to evaluate the value of the classification on CT in the differentiation of benign masses from malignant ones.Results 26 local recurrences occurred in 47 cases,including 13 cases with an round preasacral mass,8 cases with an irregular rectal wall thickening,2 cases with a flat preasacral mass,3 cases with a preasacral mass with low attenuation.The degree of enhancement of local recurrent masses was higher than that of benign masses.Conclusion The features of recurrence of rectal carcinoma on CT is an round or irregular asymmetrical preasacral mass or an irregular rectal wall thickening.It is useful way in diagnosis of recurrence of rectal carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the relationship of nerve growth factor (NGF) between serum and follicular fluid in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and its effect on pregnancy outcomes. Methods From December 2011 to November 2012, 65 PCOS patients suffered with in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) were included in PCOS group and 31 non-PCOS patients with IVF-ET were used as control group. The expressions of NGF in serum and follicular fluid were detected by ELISA on the injection day of chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). The expression levels of NGF in serum and follicular fluid were compared between PCOS group and control group. Results The NGF levels in serum[(14.38±0.42) ng/L] and follicular fluid[(9.61±0.49)ng/L] were significantly higher in PCOS group than those of control group[(11.39±0.38) ng/L and (7.55 ± 0.40)ng/L]. In PCOS group, NGF levels in serum [(14.22 ± 0.35)ng/L] and follicular fluid [(9.30 ± 0.31)ng/L] were significantly lower in pregnant group than those of non-pregnant group[(14.51±0.43)ng/L, (9.86±0.46)ng/L, P<0.01]. Conclusion The increased levels of NGF in serum and follicular fluid of PCOS patients contribute to the pathogenesis of PCOS. The high expression of NGF in serum and follicular fluid may be harmful to pregnancy in PCOS patients.

ObjectiveTo summarize the nursing experience of postoperative liver biopsy in patients after liver transplantation. Methods89 patients undergoing postoperative liver biopsy after liver transplantation from June 2010 to April 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.Their nursing experience was summarized. Results81 patients were confirmed of having rejection reaction.89 patients had no severe complications,only 28 cases(31.5％)had mild local pain. ConclusionsSufficient preoperative preparation,good nursing cooperation during the operation,close postoperative observation and nursing can prevent and timely detect and cope complications,thereby reduce the risk of liver puncture.

Objective To improve students' nursing skills by studying on the management method of skill training after class. Method 2 random sampled classes were investigated. One class was experimental group, and received student-oriented management method. The other was control group, and received ordinary management method. Result The experimental group was different from control group in training attendance, number of questions, theory and skills examination performance. There was significant difference between them. Conclusion Student-oriented management approach improves students' training interesting, students' self-management ability, organizational capabilities, ability of expression and critical thinking.

Objective To observe brain functional activity of patients with arrhythmia after radiofrequency ablation with amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF).Methods Twenty-six patients with anxiety disorder after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) were included as RFCA group.Age and sex matched twenty-six healthy volunteers were included as control group.The difference of ALFF between the two groups was analyzed by two-sample t test.Partial correlation between extracted values from dysfunctional brain regions and hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) scores were investigated.Results Compared with control group,ALFF of left middle temporal gyrus,right putamen,left amygdala significantly increased,and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC),right praecuneus,left middle frontal gyrus and right middle occipital gyus significantly decreased in RFCA group (Alphasim correction,P＜0.01).ALFF values of left DLPFC were negatively correlated with HAMA scores (r=-0.872,P=0.013).Conclusion The brain activity of RFCA patients in resting state is abnormal.ALFF can provide more evidences for the pathogenesis of the disease.

Objective To explore the curative effect and patient's tolerance combined transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE) and three dimensional conformal radiotherapy(3DCRT) for primary hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods 38 patients were treated by combined TACE and 3DCRT.The treatment regimen consisted of TACE first,it took TACE of Doxombicin 50 mg/m2,Fluorouracil 600 mg/m2,Cisplatin 60 mg and iodine Oil 10～15 ml.repeated every four weeks.thlee times totally.After resting one or two months,followed by 3DCRT(44～56 Gy/7～11f/3～4w),the planning target volume(PTV)was covered by the 80%～90% isodose curve and the target dose was prescribed to PTV.Resuits All patients completed the planned treatment without interruption.Hematological and radiation-induced toxicities as shown by the WHO staging system were 52.6% of grade 1～2 acute gastrointestinal tract reaction and 47.4% of grade 1～2 bone marrow inhibition but they were tolerable.The complete response(CR)and partial response(PR)rates were 23.7% and 63.2%.respectively,with a CR+PR rate of 86.8%.The median survival was 18.5 months.The 1-,2-and 3-year survival rates were 73.7%,57.9% and 34.2% respectively. Conclusion Combined TACE and 3DCRT iS better to short-term curative effect,it has lesser toxicities and it is a satisfactory therapy for unreseetable primary hepatocellular carcinoma.Long-tem survival and late toxicities need further observation.