Objectives:To evaluate the effects of PEDF eyedrops on the corneal allograft rejection by topical installition in the rats model of penetrating keratoplasty,and to investigate its possible mechansism and its correlation factor.Methods:Penetrating keratoplasty(PKP)was proformed orthotopically in wistar rats and SD rat recipients.60 SD rats were randomly assigned to two groups;experimental group and experimental control group after PKP.30 SD rats underwent auto penetrating keratoplasty(blank control group).The experimental group was treated with PEDF eyedrops,while the blank control group and experimental control group were treated with escipient eyedrops.All animals'surrival time was recored and compared by the biomicroscope examination.6 animals in three groups were killed respectively at the 1st week,2nd week,3rd week,4th week and 5th week postoperatively.Corneal ultrastuctural morphology was observed by TEM.PEDF and VEGF expression was examined by immunohistochemistry.Results:Expression level of VEGF of experimental control group was higher than that of experimental group(P

Objective To explore the temporal expressions of TIMP-1 and their relationship with injury time during electric injuris of hearts of rats.Methods Immunohistorichemical and image-analysis techniques were employed in 220V-electric injury of hearts during different time.ResultsWeak expression of TIMP-1 are deteced at 0.5h after electric injury,which increased subsequently,and peaked at 24~72h post-injury.Then decreased to pre-injury level at 12d.Conclusion The time-dependent expression of TIMP-1 during electric injury may be used for the estimation of injury time.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical distribution and resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii.METHODS The bacteria were identified by BioMerieux VITEK32.Susceptibility was tested by Kirby-Bauer method.RESULTS Among specimens from which A.baumannii was examined,sputum accounted for 78.64%,secretion(9.62%)and urine(6.81%).A.baumannii was mainly distributed at ICU ward(29.58%)and then was respiratory ward(21.36%).The resistance of A.baumannii was serious.The antibiotic drugs which had the low resistance were ?-lactam/?-lactamase inhibitor combinations such as sulperazone(22.14%)and carbapenems such as meropenem(32.95%),imipenem(33.04%),and so on.CONCLUSIONS The infecton of multi-drug resistant A.baumannii has increasing tendency.Therefore monitoring A.baumannii constantly and regularly,finding out resistant strains timely and adjusting the treatment methods are very important for the prevention of nosocomial infection.

This study was aimed to isolate and characterize of chemical constituents in a traditional Mongolian medicine HERBA CLEMATIS. Normal and reverse phase coloumn chromatography, gel filtration chromatography sephadex LH-20, and preparative HPLC were used for isolation and purification compounds from the water extraction of the arial part ofC. aethusaefoliaTurcz. The planar structures and spatial configurations of isolated compounds were identified by high resolution MS, 1D and 2D NMR, and other spectrographic methods. The chemical research on the Mongolian medicine results 6 compounds, dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (1), syringaresinol (2), pinoresinol (3), epi-pinoresinol (4), lirioresinol B dimethyl ether (5) and loliolide (6). All the compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.

AIM To study the epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor ? (TGF ?)and the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)during the course of rats gastric ulcer natural cure expressing and its possible biology meaning. METHODS We injected acetic acid to make the ulcer animal model, location expression characteristic of EGF and TGF ? and EGFR were studied by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The normal rats stomach mucosa EGF,TGF ? and EGFR all expressed weakly at masculine. EGF and TGF ? was located at cytoplasm,and EGFR expressesed at cytoplasm and cell membrane and the expression position of the three ovrlopped with each other. EGF concentrated mainly on the cervical part of gastric gland, and TGF ? and EGFR, on the cervical and base parts of the gastric gland. Positive 9 expression cells were primarily parietal[FQ(11?46,X-WZ] and neck cells of the stamook muc. For materials taken during the course of ulcer natural recovery, regular ohanges were observed in TGF, TGF ? and EGFR expression. Higher expression was found in ulcer tissunes than in normal tissues, while the expression was not detectable in necrotic tissues and rarely detectable in granlation and scar tissnes. The expression became apparant only during healing and scar stages of ulcer but not in early stage. CONCLUSION ①TGF ?/EGFR autocrine system probably plays a leading role in maintaining rats mucosa completeness under the normal circumstances; ②EGF/EGFR and TGF ?/EGFR autocrine system may have important effect on the differentiation, hyperplasia, moving of cell and restraining the gastric acidity.

Target trial emulation， using observational data to emulate a target trial， applies the study design principles of randomized controlled trials to observational studies that aim to estimate the effect of an intervention. The advantage of target trial emulation is that observational data is used to emulate a target trial when it is not appropriate to conduct randomized controlled trials. Target trial emulation can control bias caused by the design of observational studies， and improve the effectiveness of causal inference from observational data. This paper introduced the methodological framework and key points in terms of eligibility criteria， treatment strategies， assignment procedures， grace period， outcomes， follow-up period， effect contrasts， and statistical plan for implementing target trial emulation. This article elucidated the feasibility and necessity of applying target trail emulation in the realm of traditional Chinese medicine researches， and highlighted the challenges encountered in its implementation， such as the need for specialized personnel， data collection and integration， and the control of confounding factors.

Objective:To investigate the safety and feasibility of the CHESS endoscpic ruler (CHESS ruler), and the consistency between the measured values and the interpretation values by endoscopic physician experience.Methods:From January 2021 to January 2022, a total of 105 liver cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension were prospectively enrolled from General Hospital, Xixia Branch Hospital, Ningnan Hospital of People′s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (29 cases), and the First People′s Hospital of Yinchuan (25 cases), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University (18 cases), Wuzhong People′s Hospital (10 cases), the Fifth People′s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (10 cases), Shizuishan Second People′s Hospital (6 cases), Yinchuan Second People′s Hospital (5 cases), and Zhongwei People′s Hospital (2 cases) 8 hospitals. The clinical characteristics of all the patients, including gender, age, nationality, etiolog of liver cirrhosis, and Child-Pugh classification of liver function were recorded. A big gastroesophageal varices was defined as diameter of varices ≥5 mm. Endoscopist (associated chief physician) performed gastroscopy according to the routine gastroscopy procedures, and the diameter of the biggest esophageal varices was measured by experience and images were collected, and then objective measurement was with the CHESS ruler and images were collected. The diameter of esophageal varices of 10 randomly selected patients (random number table method) was determined by 6 endoscopists (attending physician or associated chief physician) with experience or measured by CHESS ruler. Kappa test was used to test the consistency in the diameter of esophageal varices between measured values by CHESS ruler and the interpretation values by endoscopic physician experience.Results:Among 105 liver cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension, male 65 cases and female 40 cases, aged (54.8±12.2) years old, Han nationality 82 cases, Hui nationality 21 cases and Mongolian nationality 2 cases. The etiology of liver cirrhosis included chronic hepatitis B (79 cases), alcoholic liver disease (7 cases), autoimmune hepatitis (7 cases), chronic hepatitis C (2 cases), and other etiology (10 cases). Liver function of 32 cases was Child-Pugh A, Child-Pugh B 57 cases, and Child-Pugh C 16 cases. All 105 liver cirrhosis patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension were successfully measured the diameter of gastroesophageal varices by CHESS ruler, and the success rate of application of CHESS ruler was 100.0% (105/105). The procedure time from the CHESS ruler into the body to the exit of the body after measurement was (3.50±2.55) min. No complications happened in all the patients during measurement. Among 105 liver cirrhosis patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension, 96 cases (91.4%) were recognized as big gastroesophageal varices by the endoscopists. Totally 93 cases (88.6%) were considered as big gastroesophageal varices by CHESS ruler. Eight cases were recognized as big gastroesophageal varices by the endoscopist, however not by the CHESS ruler; 5 cases were recognized as big gastroesophageal varices by the CHESS ruler, but not by the endoscopists; 4 cases were not recognized as big gastroesophageal varices both by the endoscopists and CHESS ruler; 88 cases were recognized as big gastroesophageal varices both by the endoscopists and CHESS ruler. The missed diagnostic rate of big gastroesophageal varices by the endoscopists experience was 5.4% (5/93), and the Kappa value of consistency coefficient between the measurement by the CHESS ruler and the interpretation by endoscopists experience was 0.31 (95% confidence interval 0.03 to 0.60). The overall Kappa value of consistency coefficient by 6 endoscopists measured by CHESS ruler in big gastroesophageal varices diagnosis was 0.77 (95% confidence interval 0.61 to 0.93).Conclusion:As an objective measurement tool, CHESS ruler can make up for the deficiency of subjective judgment by endoscopists, accurately measure the diameter of gastroesophageal varices, and is highly feasible and safe.

Trials within cohorts （TwiCs） are design methods derived from randomized controlled trials （RCTS）. They have been widely used in chronic disease areas such as tumors and cardiovascular diseases. The basis of the TwiCs design is a prospective cohort of specific diseases. When RCTS need to be implemented， some patients meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria are randomly sampled from the cohort to receive "trial interventions"， while the remaining patients in the cohort who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria continue to receive conventional treatment as control groups. By comparing the efficacy differences between the intervention measures of the trial group and the control group， the efficacy of intervention measures was evaluated. Within the cohort， the same process could be repeated to carry out multiple RCTS， so as to evaluate different intervention measures or compare the efficacy of different doses or timing of interventions. Compared with classical RCTS， TwiCs make it easier to recruit patients from the cohort and have higher external validity， providing a new research paradigm for improving the efficiency and applicability of RCTS in clinical practice. However， TwiCs may also face the challenge of poor compliance of patients in the cohort. Researchers need to take effective measures to control these patients in the design and operation of TwiCs. This article focused on the methodological key points during the implementation of TwiCs， including multi-stage informed consent （patients are informed of consent at three stages： entering the cohort， entering the trial group， and after the trial）， randomization procedures （only random sampling of patients from the cohort to receive "trial interventions"）， sample size calculation， and statistical analysis methods. The article also compared the differences between TwiCs and traditional RCTS and illustrated TwiCs research design and analysis with examples， so as to provide new research ideas and methods for clinical researchers.

The quality evaluation of the blind method is to evaluate the clinical blind data obtained from clinical trials adopting the blind method and judge the effectiveness of the blind method by investigating the blind effect of different blind objects. A successful blind method can avoid the influence of subjective factors on the test results of subjects and researchers to a certain extent. The quality evaluation of the blind method can reflect not only the effectiveness of the blind method but also the accuracy and credibility of clinical trial results. In recent years， randomized controlled trials have been widely used in the evaluation of the clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， but the quality of the implementation of blind methods is uneven， and the evaluation criteria have not yet been formed. In this paper， the data collection methods， calculation principles， advantages， and disadvantages of two quantitative quality evaluation methods of blind methods， namely James Blinding Index （JBI） and Bang Blinding Index （BBI）， were introduced. The two indexes were analyzed in a randomized controlled trial of acupuncture and moxibustion to relieve postoperative oral pain. The calculation process of the results was demonstrated by R software and visualized by forest map. At the same time， a tool table was designed to facilitate the collection of evaluation data of blind methods in TCM clinical trials at different stages. Finally， the necessity and feasibility of quality evaluation of blind method in TCM research were discussed to provide a basis for evaluating and improving the quality of blind method implementation in TCM clinical trials.