OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetics of magnolin in rats. METHODS:High performance liquid chromatog-raphy(HPLC)was adopted. The determination was performed on Kromasil C18 with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-tetrahy-drofuran-water (39∶1∶60),at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,with the measurement wavelength of 278 nm,column temperature of 35 ℃ and the sample size of 20 μl. 8 Wistar rats were docked to collect blood from the caudal vein before administration [10 mg(medicinal materials)/kg] and 0.25,0.5,0.75,1,1.5,2,4,8,12 and 20 h after administration,to determine the concentra-tion of the drug in blood. DAS2.1.1 software was used to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters. RESULTS:In the determination of magnolin,the mass concentration linear range was found to be 0.05-10.00 μg/ml(r=0.999 5);the RSD of precision test and sta-bility test were less than 13%(n=6);relative recovery rate was 97.32%-102.15%(n=6);extraction recovery rate was 84.63%-90.02%;t1/2α of magnolin in rats was(0.48±0.22)h,t1/2β was(7.96±2.57)h,CL/F was(0.09±0.032)L/(h·kg),and AUC0-20 h was(944.43±212.83)mg·h/L. CONCLUSIONS:This method conforms to the requirements for the determination of bio-logical samples with respect to precision,stability and accuracy. Magnolin demonstrates a good linear relationship between AUC0-20 h and the dose in rats,with the process compatible with two-compartment model.

Objective To describe the pathological unit and octagonal en bloc resection for the treatment of ossification ligamentum flavum(OLF)in thoracic spine with spondylotic myelopathy.Methods Ninety-five patients from January 2002 to January 2007 were diagnosed as thoracic OLF,61 males and 34 females with an average age of 53.9 years(range,31-78 years).There were upper thoracic spine OLF in 32 cases,middle thoracic spine OLF in 24 cases and lower thoracic spine OLF in 39 cases.Single-segment OLF was found in 53 cases,double segments OLF was found in 38 cases and three segments OLF was found in 4 cases.CT scan multiplanar co-localized reconstruction was employed to detect the structure of spine with OLF.The Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)lower limb motor function score,sphincter function score and motor function improvement rate were used to evaluate the outcomes.Results CT scan was engaged to observe 141 OLF pathological unite.The OLF pathology unit was defined as all the spine structures between the extension lines of the lower margin of the OLF two adjacent pedicles.Each OLF associates with an OLF pathology unit.The mean follow up duration was 38.3 months(range,24-60 months).Among 86 patients with sensations disturbance before operation,67 totally recovered and 19 relieved after operation.Trunk restrictions in 69 cases before operation were completely recovered after operation.Postoperative JOA sphincter function score was 2.651±0.334,comparing with preoperation score(2.262±0.561),and the difference was statistically significant.Postoperative JOA motor function score was 3.694±0.429,which was significantly increased than preoperative score 1.539±0.873,and motor function recovery rate was 87.57%.There was excellent in 71 cases,good in 17 cases and fair in 5 cases.The excellent and good rate was 94.74%.Conclusion The octagonal en block resection is relative safe for treatment thoracic OLF with myelopathy.Pathological unit of OLF in thoracic spine is more accurate to summarize the pathological contents and features of the OLF and its adjacent structure.

AIM: Tyrosinase gene was transfected into HEK293 cell as a reporter gene, it's property of synthesizing melanin, which can be examined by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), is used to evaluate the tyrosinase gene's expression. The aim of this study was to search a way to evaluate the results of gene expression by MRI in vitro .METHODS: The plasmid of pcDNA3tyr which carried the full-length cDNA of tyrosinase gene was transfected into HEK293 cell by lipofectin. To observe the MRI signals of expressed melanin,the transfected cells were scanned by MRI sequences of T 1WI, T 1WI/SPIR and T 2WI. On the other hand, fontana stain was used to search for melanin granules in transfected cells, RT-PCR method was used to search for cDNA of tyrosinase gene. RESULTS: (1) Plasmids of pcDNA3tyr could be transfected into HEK293 cells and could synthesize a large amount of melanin. The synthetic melanins of 10 6 cells, which had been transfected 5?g, 10?g, 20?g plasmids of pcDNA3tyr separately, were all sufficient to be detected by MRI and appeared high signal in MRI T 1WI、T 1WI/SPIR、T 2WI sequences. The signal intensities of MRI imaging were related to the amounts of transfected plasmids positively. (2) The melanin granules could be found in HEK293 cells by Fontana stain. (3) The cDNA fragment of tyrosinase gene could be detected in transfected HEK293 cells by RT-PCR. CONCLUSION: The fact that MRI could detect the synthetic melanin of HEK293 cells, which controlled by expression of exogenous gene, demonstrates that medical imaging connecting with molecular biology technology can evaluate the result of gene expression in vitro .

Objective To obtain and anlysis the diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis(DISH) related miRNAs under 3-D adhesion for cell culture.Methods From January 2012 to January 2014,4 ossific ligamenta flava tissues were obtained from DISH patients and 4 normal ligamenta flava tissues were obtained from trauma patients surgically.Fibroblasts were separated by using collagenase technique and then cultured on human acellular amniotic membrane (HAAM).Each sample was identified by immunofluorescence before harvested.Total RNA was extracted and then quantified by microfluidics analysis.The small RNAs (＜300 nt) were isolated by using a YM-100 Microcon centrifugal filter.μParafloTM MiRNA microarray assay was performed using a service provider to identify miRNAs whose expression was significantly different between the two groups.Part of differential expression miRNAs were verified by qRT-PCR.Targets of miRNAs were obtained using PicTar 2005,miRanda v5,TargetScan 5.1,their function were analyzed by using Gene Ontology.Functional pathway analysis of miRNAs was performed using KEGG Pathway Analysis.TRANSFAC 7.0 public and Patser were used to get the distribution of transcription factor binding sites.Results When grown on HAAM,fibroblasts kept their morphology,distributed in the way of cluster,lived in multi-level of HAAM,and established linkage.Collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ were tested positive in normal group cells.Collagen Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Osteocalcin were tested positive in DISH group cells by immunefluorescence.In total 15 miRNAs showed differential expression,12 were up-regulated and 3 were down-regulated.The result of qRT-PCR was consistent with MiRNA microarray assay.Totally 67 target genes were predicted which participated in cell differentiation,cell adhesion,mineralization et al,and had function in regulating MAPK,Wnt,TGF-β,Focal adhesion signal pathway et al.In total 10 transcription factors were predicted in differentially expressed miRNAs.Conclusion HAAM can provide fibroblasts with 3D adhesion growth,Some differentially expressed miRNAs may participate in the pathogenesis of DISH.

Objective: To assess the effect of percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA) on mid- to long-term left ventricular diastolic function in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE). Methods: A total of 46 HOCM patients who received 2DE and RT-3DE examination before and after (with the mean of 18.8 months) PTSMA were studied. The ratios of E/A and E/Ea were analyzed, RT-3DE was conducted to collect the images, to obtain 17-segmant volume-time curve and to calculate the parameters of rEDV, rESV, rSV and rPFR respectively. Results: The follow-up echocardiography in all 46 patients indicated that the ratio of E/Ea decreased after the operation (12.04 ± 3.29) vs (15.70 ± 5.68),P<0.001, the rSV of left ventricular anterior wall middle segment and anterior septal middle segment decreased after the operation,P<0.05, while the rPFR of anterior septal middle segment, rear septal middle segment and apical segment increased,P<0.05. Conclusion: PTSMA may improve local left ventricular diastolic function in HOCM patients, RT-3DE provides a new method and viewing angle for HOCM evaluation.

Objective To investigate the correlation between hepatic triglyceride content and glucose lipid metabolism,insulin resistance and β cell function.Methods A total of 32 type 2 diabetic patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was recruited in this study.Hepatic triglyceride content was measured with liver proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was carried out in all participants,with measurements of plasma glucose and insulin levels.The homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR),hepatic insulin resistance (HIR),and Matsuda Index (MSI) were used to assess insulin resistance.The homeostasis model assessment beta cell function (HOMA-βF),early insulin secretion index (EISI) and late insulin secretion index (LISI) were used to assess β cell function.Results Hepatic triglyceride contents had positive correlations with body mass index (BMI),waist circumference,Body fat,aspartate transaminase (AST),alanine transaminase (ALT),triglycerides (TG),HOMA-IR,HIR,and negative correlations with MSI.Stepwise regression analysis showed that body fat and HOMA-IR were independently risk factors for hepatic triglyceride contents.Conclusions Hepatic triglyceride content is closely correlated with obesity,liver function,blood lipid,and insulin resistance;especially obesity and insulin resistance are the most important factors.

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between temperature and non-accidental mortality in Guangzhou, Changsha and Kunming;to evaluate the temperature-related risk of mortality; and thereby to provide scientific evidence for enacting the policy to tackle climate changes.

METHODDaily meteorology data and mortality data were collected in 2006-2009 in Guangzhou, Changsha and Kunming. Distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was established and applied in a case-crossover design, which controlled the secular trend of time, to estimate the specified effects of temperature on non-accidental mortality at conditions of lag 0-2, lag 0-18 and lag 0-27 days, respectively.

RESULTAn obvious seasonal periodicity was found in non-accidental mortality in Guangzhou, Changsha and Kunming during 2006-2009. The mortality number was comparatively high in the winters, and some high temperature days in summer; but was comparatively low in springs and autumn. An L-shaped relationship was found between temperature and mortality in Guangzhou and Kunming and a U-shaped relationship was found in Changsha. When daily mean temperature exceeded 28.2 °C, 24.5°C and 23.2°C, as average temperature increase 1°C, non-accidental mortality increased 4.56% (95%CI:2.74%-6.63%), 5.66% (95%CI:0.22%-12.65%) , -3.94% (95%CI:-32.77%-39.01%) , respectively; when daily mean temperature below 24.8°C, 20.0°C and 17.3°C, as average temperature decrease 1°C, the corresponding increase in non-accidental mortality were 3.28% (95%CI:2.41%-4.10%) (lag 0-18 days), 1.35% (95%CI:0.31%-1.77%) (lag 0-2 days) and 2.42% (95%CI:1.08%-3.27%) (lag 0-27 days) , respectively. The effects of hot weather were acute and short term; while the effects of cold weather had a several days delay, but a longer persistence.

CONCLUSIONSExtreme cold and hot temperature could increase the risk of non-accidental mortality in Guangzhou, Changsha and Kunming. The effects of cold weather had a several days delay, but a longer persistence.

China ; epidemiology ; Climate Change ; Cross-Over Studies ; Humans ; Mortality ; Seasons ; Temperature

OBJECTIVETo explore the impact of the socio-economic factors on the temperature-mortality association in different cities in southern China.

METHODSDaily mortality registration data, meteorological data and air pollution data of the cities as Changsha and Kunming during 2006-2009, and cities as Guangzhou and Zhuhai during 2006-2010, were collected to explore modifying effects, stratified by age, gender, education and place of death, of socio-economic factors on the association between temperature and mortality, by distributed lag non-linear model. The accumulative effect of temperature-mortality were separately analyzed in each city, under the high temperature (0-3 days) and low temperature (0-20 days) situation. The association between temperature and mortality was evaluated by general linear threshold model. The above process was firstly adopted to analyze the impact in single city and then Meta analysis was applied to analyze the impact in several cities by effect-combine.

RESULTSThe relationship between temperature and mortality in the four cities showed nonlinearity. The minimum mortality risk was separately 23.5 °C, 20.5 °C, 25.0 °C and 26.0 °C in Changsha, Kunming, Guangzhou and Zhuhai. The results of effect-combine showed that low-temperature (RR = 1.67, 95%CI:1.54-1.80) has a higher gross effect than high-temperature (RR = 1.11, 95%CI:1.01-1.18) on population. With the age increasing, risk of death increased both under high and low temperature situation, and the effect of low temperature was greater (RR = 1.83, 95%CI:1.65-2.04) for the elderly than it of high temperature (RR = 1.17, 95%CI:1.03-1.33). The mortality risk among females (cold and hot effects(95%CI) were 1.75(1.57-1.97) and 1.11(0.99-1.25), respectively)was higher than it among males (cold and hot effects(95%CI) were 1.59(1.45-1.77) and 1.11(1.03-1.19), respectively). Whereas the mortality risk on higher education population was significantly higher (cold and hot effects (95%CI) were 1.89(1.48-2.45)and 1.34(1.19-1.48), respectively) than it on other educated people.

CONCLUSIONAge, gender, educational level and place of death showed modifying effects on the association between temperature and mortality. The elderly, women and highly educated people were vulnerable to the temperature influence on mortality.

Aged ; Air Pollution ; China ; Cold Temperature ; adverse effects ; Female ; Hot Temperature ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Mortality ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Risk ; Socioeconomic Factors

Objective: To investigate the corrective effect of modified Brisson technique to treat concealed penis in children. Methods: From July 2015 to July 2017, 32 patients(3-10 years old, mean 7.2 years old )with concealed penis were treated with the modified Brisson technique in the Children′s Hospital of Zhengzhou University. All the children with concealed penis were treated by the modified Brisson technique, complications, postoperative results and followed-ups were retrospectively analyzed. Results: 32 cases of concealed penile children had pain on the postoperative day, 2 cases required patient controlled analgesia device. No infection and dehiscence were noticed after discharge. All the children were followed up for 6 months to 1 year, and the results were satisfactory. Review showed that the penile body was similar to the appearance after circumcision, with obvious extension exposure, normal exposure of penile scrotal Angle and penile pubic Angle, and no obvious retraction. The internal plate of the prepuce in 5 cases was slightly edema, and edema dissolved within 2 months. Conclusions Modified Brisson is a better method to treat concealed penis in children, which can correct the pathological structure and retain the integrity of penile skin to the greatest extent.

Objective To estimate the effect of daily diurnal temperature range (DTR) on mortality in different areas in China.Methods A time series study using the data collected from 66 areas in China was conducted,and Meta-analysis was used to analyze the estimates of associations between DTR and daily mortality.Modifying effects of extremely low and high DTR-mortality relationship by season and socioeconomic status (SES) were also evaluated respectively.Cumulative excess risk (CER) was used as an index to evaluate the effects.Results The information about 1 260 913 registered deaths were collected between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2011,we found the relationship between extreme DTR and mortality was non-linear in all regions and the exposure-response curve was J-shaped.In central and south areas of China,the result indicated the obvious acute effect of extremely high DTR,and the mortality effect in central area (CER=5.1％,95％CI:2.4％-7.9％) was significant higher than that in south area (CER=4.5％,95％CI:1.7％-7.3％).Regarding to the modification of seasons,the cumulative mortality effect of DTR in cold season (CER=5.8％,95％CI:2.5％-9.2％) was higher than that in hot season (CER=3.1％,95％CI:1.1％-5.1％).Generally,deaths among the elderly (≥75 years) were associated more strongly with extremely high DTR.Conclusions The mortality effects of extremely DTR in different areas and seasons showed different characteristics,that in central area and in cold season it was significantly stronger.After modified by season and SES,DTRs were the greatest threat to vulnerable population,especially to the elderly (≥75 years).Therefore,more attention should be paid to vulnerable groups and protection measures should be taken according to the local and seasonal conditions.