Objective To investigate the effect of health education on self-efficacy in schizophrenia patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods The inclusion criteria for schizophrenia patients with type 2 diabetes of 84 patients were randomly divided into intervention group and control group each of 42 cases, the intervention group were given self-efficacy to emphasize health education, healthy control group received conventional health education, before the intervention and comparison groups to intervene to restore the degree of biochemical parameters, quality of life and social function after 6 weeks. Results The intervention group fast glucose, triglycerides, glycosylated hemoglobin of intervention group were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). After the intervention, psychosocial, energy / symptoms, energy /power ratings of intervention group were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). After the intervention the ward activities, personal self-care, accountability and planning, social withdrawal, interest rates on the outside of inter-vention group were significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Health education helps to improve self-efficacy in schizophrenia patients with type 2 diabetes to control blood sugar metabolism , and benefit their mental illness symptoms to improve the quality of life for the rehabilitation and restoration of social functions.