Tissue engineering has been a newly developed discipline which represents the new direction of biological medicine engineering.With evergrowing researches on the reparation of bone defect by tissue engineering,great success has been achieved in this field.The three important elements of bone tissue engineering are seed cells,cytokines and cellular biological scaffolds.Bioceramic is an important part of bioactive frame applied widely in tissue engineering.This paper presents a review of the application of bioceramic in the reparation of bone defect,which aims at promoting a systematic knowledge of the application of bioceramic in tissue engineering.

Objective To observe the changes of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress related protein GRP78 and CHOP in CCl4 induced liver fibrosis and to explore their effects on hepatic fibrosis.Methods Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, 4 and 8 weeks liver fibrosis group (hypodermic injection of 40% CCl4).Pathological changes of liver tissue was observed by HE staining.The techniques of real-time PCR was applied to detect mRNA of GRP78 and CHOP in liver.Detected expression of Akt1, phospho-Akt1, GRP78 and CHOP protein by western blot.Meanwhile, the cell apoptosis in liver was detected by TUNEL.Results Compared with the normal control group, GRP78 and CHOP mRNA and protein in 4 and 8 weeks liver fibrosis group was increased(P<0.05), while expression of Akt1, phospho-Akt1 in 4 and 8 weeks liver fibrosis group was lower than that in normal control group(P<0.05).Compared with normal control group, the apoptosis of hepatocytes in 4 and 8 weeks liver fibrosis group was elevated (P<0.05).Conclusions PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress may play important roles in the induction of apoptosis of hepatocytes in rats with hepatic fibrosis.

Objective To explore a method of modified technique of sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) and to study the possibly more appropriate and effective methods for correction of mandibular de-formity. Methods 195 patients suffering from mandibular anomaly or accompanied by other deformities have been operated on by the modified or classical technique of SSRO. Results In the group of 105 cases treated by modified SSRO and the group of 90 classical SSRO, all the patients acheived excellent results. There was no statistic significance between the two groups. No complications occured, such as postopera-tive relapse, significant bleeding, postoperative infection, and others. Conclusion Since modified tech-nique of SSRO has more advantages than conventional classical technique, such as more area of bony con-tact, shorter-time operation, easier process: it is the preferred method for the correction of mandibular deformity. Accompanied by regularity and in time pre- and post-operational orthodontic therapy, it will be more widely used in the future.

Objective To investgate the efficiency of autologous fat grafting for breast augmentation by improving low negative pressure mechanical liposuction.Methods A total of 37 cases of breast augmentation by autologous fat grafting were reviewed;group A included 19 cases of improved low pressure mechanical liposuction,and group B had 18 cases of traditional syringe liposuction.Respectively,the operating time of harvesting 800 ml fat granules (standing 30 mins) were recorded,and operative blood loss by testing the red blood cell count of lower mixed liquid was calculated,and then growth increment of nipple chest circumference of 6 months after operation were measured.The valid follow-up satisfaction scores were counted.Results The operating time of harvesting 800 ml fat granules were (53.32±4.73) mins for group A and (80.78±7.86) mins for group B,respectively;operative blood loss was (81.58±10.80) ml for group A and (72.94±13.45) ml for group B;All P＜0.05.The valid follow-up satisfaction scores were 78.9％ (15/19) for group A and 77.7％ (14/19) for group B.Growth increment of nipple chest circumference of 6 months after operation between groups were no statistical significance (P＞0.05);but the remarkable difference within both groups in internal comparison existed between 6 months and 1 month after operation (P＜0.05),also between 3 months and 1 month after operation (P＜0.05).Conclusions Improved low pressure mechanical liposuction in breast augmentation by autologous fat grafting is able to enhance the surgical efficiency evidently and shorten the operating time significantly.

Objective To observe the effects of Zhennao-Ning capsule on cerebral microcirculation.Methods Cerebral hypoperfusion model of mices was induced by right common carotid arteries ligation method,The cerebral blood flow for 5min was recorded under normal circumstances comand for 30min when modeled,and then calculate the rate of blood flow changes.Microcirculatory impairment model of rats was induced by intravenous injection of high molecular dextran(HMD).The time of the emergence of microcirculatory impairment was recorded.Vascular flow,blood flow pattern and the number of outlets in the same range were recorded.Results The blood flow was significant decrease in the cerebral hypoperfusion model mice,when compared with the control mice.Zhennao-Ning capsules at the dosage of 1500 mg/kg、750 mg/kg treatment could improve the cerebral blood flow of rats at 10,20,and 30 min after modeled (56％,51％,50％ and 42％,49％,51％,respectively,P＜0.01).Zhennao-Ning capsules at the dosage of 600 mg/kg,300 mg/kg could significantly reduce the change of blood flow pattern(P＜0.01),improve vascular flow rate (26％,36％,P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),extend the time of the emergence in the microcirculatory impairment model rat (53％,34％,P＜0.01).Conclusion Zhcnnao-Ning capsules could improve microcirculatory impairment and partly cure the clinical migraine disease.

Objective To explore the relation between the enlargement of orbital volume and the degree of enophthalmos, and that between the enlarged volume of floor together with that of medial wall and the degree of enophthalmos. Methods A total of 17 patients of unilarteral orbital fracture were scanned by MSCT (slice width 0.625mm), who suffered late enophthalmos as a results of combination fracture of the medial wall and floor. The clinical data were collected, and input into a software named MIMICS in order to measure orbital volume, the degree of enophthalmos, the enlarged volume of medial wall, and that of orbital floor. Simple linear correlation and regression were carried out between the enlargement of orbital volume and the degree of enophthalmos. Mutiple linear correlation and regression were carried out between the enlarging volume of floor together with that of medial wall and the degree of enophthalmos. Results The equation of the enlargement of orbital volume (V) and the degree of enophthalmos (E) was E= 0.851 V-0.197 (Pearson r=0.969, P＜0.01, the 95% confidence intervals of 0.732-0.970). The standardized equation between the enlarged volume of floor together with that of medial wall and the degree of enophthalmos was E= 0.690 VF+0.413 VM-0. 086 (setpwise, entry =0.5, removal= 0. 11,P＜0.01 ); Comparing the standardized coefficients of independent variables, the outcome was bF (0.690) ＞ bM(0.413). Conclusion Significant linear correlation between the increment of the orbital volume and the degree of enophthalmos is found that 1.0 ml enlargeement in bony volume causes approximately 0.9 mm of enophthalmos; enlarged volume of floor has more powerful influence on the degree of enophthalmos than enlarged volume of medial wall, the former is 1.56 times of the latter.

BACKGROUND: A number of studies have shown that long non-coding RNA DANCR can play an important role in various pathophysiological processes through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of long non-coding RNA DANCR on the proliferation and chondrogenesis of synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells.METHODS: Passage 3 synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells were obtained and transfected with pcDNA3.1-GP (control) and pcDNA3.1-GP(DANCR Homo) (experimental). Cell viability was estimated at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 days after DANCR transfection. The passage 3 cells were cultured in the chondriogenic medium for 14 days. And the chondrogenesis potential of cells was examined by toluidine blue staining. The chondrogenic-specific marker genes Aggrecan, Type II collagen (Col2) and Sox9 were determined by Real-time PCR.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells exhibited S-shaped curves in the two groups, with cell arrest at 1-2 days and rapid proliferation beginning at 3 days. Cell counting kit-8 assay and toluidine blue staining showed overexpressing DANCR significantly promoted proliferation in synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells. The aggregates from synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the experimental group had a greater amount of toluidine blue staining than the control group. In addition, we detected the higher expression of chondrogenic specific marker genes, such as Col2, Sox9 and Aggrecan, in the experimental group than the control group at 14 days after chondrogenic induction (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that long non-coding RNA DANCR could enhance chondrogenic differentiation and proliferation of human synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells and increase the expression of chondrogenic specific marker genes.

The studying in the department of medical imaging is a vital part of the standardized training for resident,which is important to make appropriate and efficient training schedule for the improvement of residents' diagnostic capability.At present,the standardized training for resident doctors of traditional Chinese medicine is lack of enough attention and effective teaching plan.In view of the current situation of poor imaging basis,short rotation time and the lack of educational programs in clinical doctors of traditional Chinese medicine,we achieved significant training effect through a series of systematic training programs such as using the theory of teaching,PPT teaching,informatization teaching,individuation teaching and so on.

BACKGROUND:Hypoxia inducible factor-2 α(HIF-2α)is one of the key regulators in articular cartilage degeneration and endochondral osteogenesis. OBJECTIVE:To review the regulatory mechanism and application development of HIF-2α in articular cartilage degeneration. METHODS:A computer-based retrieval of PubMed and CNKI databases was performedforrelevant literatures published from January 1990 to October 2015 ,using the key words of “hypoxia inducible factor-2α; osteoarthritis; cartilage” in Chinese and English, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:HIF-2α is a transcription factor encoded by the Epas1 gene, which is one of the key regulators in articular cartilage degeneration and endochondral osteogenesis by directly regulating the expressions of various catabolic genes to strengthen cartilage destruction in osteoarthritis. It has been reported that HIF-2α acts on the chondrocytes by regulating the expressions of Wnt/β-Catenin, nuclear factor-κ B, and interleukin-6.

Long non-coding RNA( LncRNA) is an RNA molecule that is longer than 200 nucleotides and is not translated into a protein.LncRNA DANCR has been identified in hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC) and markedly increased stemness features of HCC cells to promote tumorigenesis.Recent studies show that DANCR contributes to the differentiation and proliferation of synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cell ( SMSCs) and may be as a key point for this process.This article reviews the role of long non-coding RNA DANCR in enhancing chondrogenic differentiation and proliferation of human SMSCs.