Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and therapeutic strategies of patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV)genotype 6 in Guangxi area.Methods Serum samples were collected from 150 patients with serologic HCV RNA positive in Guangxi, China. Reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR)was employed to amplify HCV NS5B fragments and the DNA products were sequenced.The sequences obtained were compared with the sequences deposited in GenBank to construct a phylogenetic tree.Among the patients who accomplished 48-week treatment of interferon plus ribavirin and 24-week follow-up after stopping medication,10 cases were infected with genotype 6a and 28 cases with genotype 1 HCV.The virological responses were evaluated at week 4,week 12,week 24 of treatment and week 24 after the end of the treatment.Results Among all recruited 150 cases,21 (14.0%)cases were HCV genotype 6 including two subtypes 6a (n = 20 )and 6d (n = 1 ). Genotype 6 HCV mainly affected intravenous drug users, especially with age of ≤ 40 years old. Phylogenetic tree showed that there was very close evolutionary distance between HCV 6 strains of Guangxi and Hongkong,China strains (Y12083,DQ 480515)and Vietnam strain (EU246930).All of 10 HCV genotype 6a patients who completed 48 weeks of antiviral therapy achieved sustained virological response (SVR).The rate of SVR was higher than that of genotype 1 patients,but without statistically different significance (10/10 vs 75 .0%,P >0.05).Conclusion HCV genotype 6 in Guangxi area mainly affects young intravenous drug users with age of ≤ 40 years old,which has high homology with Hongkong,China and Vietnam standard strains.Patients with HCV 6 genotype infection treated with interferon plus ribavirin for 48 weeks usually achieve favorable SVR.

Objective To probe into the change regulation before and after treatment every snake bite patients for the routine blood test and serum hs‐CRP .Methods The study objects were selected in the hospitalized patients for clear diagnosis belong to what kind of snakes in the past two years .The indexes of routine blood test and serum hs‐CRP were determined before and after treatment various periods in these patients .The test results were made to statistical analysis according to kind of snakes ,periods and disease condition .Results WBC was obvious .rise before treatment only the viper snake bite patients .WBC was all significant .rise after treatment first day and second day for 5 kinds snake bite patients (P<0 .01) .This index had all reduced trend after treatment fourth day but determined value was still high in contrast to the normal reference scope .RBC and HGB all were normal level and had not obvious change before and after treatment for 5 kinds snake bite patients .PLT was reduced before treatment for the trime‐resurus gramineus bite patients ,before and after treatment for the viper snake bite patients (P<0 .05) .The hs‐CRP content was higher before treatment for the viper snake bite patients and was highest after treatment for the cobra snake bite patients ,the inter‐comparison had significant difference (P<0 .05) .Conclusion 5 kinds snake bite patients before and after treatment not basely ane‐mia symptom .But most of the patients appear the inflammatory response .PLT decrease is more serious for the trimeresurus grami‐neus bite patients ,and for the viper snake bite patients especially .

Objective To explore the change regulation of blood coagulation function before and after treatment of snake bite pa‐tients .Methods A total of 226 hospitalized patients with clear diagnosis belong to what kind of snakes in the past two years were selected in this study ,39 cases were bit by coral ,76 cases were bit by trimeresurus stejnegeri ,47 cases were bit by cobra ,24 cases bit by king cobra ,40 cases were bit by adder .Five blood coagulation indexes were determined before and after treatment various pe‐riods for these patients .The tested results were made to statistical analysis according to kind of snakes ,periods and disease condi‐tion .Results D‐D level obvious .rise before treatment for the severe cases patients of coral snake bite (P<0 .05) .Plasma prothrom‐bin time (PT) ,activated partial clotting enzyme live time (APTT) ,thrombin time (TT)and D‐D level rise and Fib level reduced be‐fore treatment for the severe cases patients of trimeresurus stejnegeri bite ,and Fib and D‐D level before and after treatment had sta‐tistical significant difference with the mild patients (P<0 .05) .Every index for the cobra and king cobra had no statistical signifi‐cant differences (P>0 .05) before and after treatment ,only D‐D level of the severe cases had statistical significance before treat‐ment in contrast to the mild cases of cobra bite (P< 0 .05) .The changes of 5 item blood coagulation indexes were all very large whether mild or severe for viper bite patients ,a number of comparisons had statistical significance difference (P<0 .05) whether before or after treatment and whether mild or severe for viper bite patients .Conclusion The bite of coral snake ,cobra and king co‐bra affect little for the blood coagulation function .The severe cases patients of trimeresurus stejnegeri bite might lead to more seri‐ous blood coagulation function abnormality but the recovery is faster after treatment .The viper bite might lead to maximum blood coagulation function abnormality and the recovery is slow after treatment .

Objective To analyze the abnormal detectable rates of different kinds of blood test indexes before and after treatment in the patients with snake bite and to probe into the change condition of these indexes after different snake bite .Methods The inpa‐tients with clearly diagnosed what kind of snake bite in the past two years were selected as the research subjects .The multiple blood test indexes were determined before and after treatment in these patients .The abnormal detectable rates of these indexes were ana‐lyzed and compared among various snake bite patients .Results The different kinds of snake bite all could cause the different de‐grees of changes in some detection indexes among partial patients .Specially ,the detectable rates of WBC ,PT ,APTT ,TT ,D‐D ,CK , CK‐MB ,LDH ,Urea ,Cr and Cys‐C increase and PLT and Fbg decrease caused by viper bite were apparently higher than those caused by other kinds of snake bites (P<0 .05) .The detectable rates of CO2 increase and K+ decrease in the coral snake bite were apparently higher than those in trimeresurus gramineus ,cobra and viper bite (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Because the snake species and toxicities are different in the various snake bites ,so the caused changes and the abnormal detectable rates of blood test indexes also are different .

Objective To establish a cosmetic medicine bio-psycho-social model and its theory frame and a new clinical work system. Methods The clinical observation and clustering analysis were used in this study, which based on the modern medicine patterns to carry on the logical proof, theory derivation and systematic design. Results The bio-psycho-social model of cosmetic me dicine with combination of the theory and practice was established, including its concept, theory constitution and clinical work system. Conclusion The bio-psycho-social model of cosmetic medicine can most scientifically and comprehensively explain this discipline rule and clinical work, and it will bring the profound influence on the development of the theory and practice in cosmetic medicine.

We have done a research on mathematical morphology filter in order to eliminate baseline drift in the wave of electrocardiograph (ECG). Marago morphology filter type was chosen and flat structuring element filtering was found to be the best morphology filter modality for eliminating baseline drift, and the ratio of "signal numerical frequency to length of structuring element" determined the attenuation magnitude of the signal eliminated. We have come to the conclusion that the length of flat structuring element ought to be greater than or equal to the width of the signal component to be eliminated. The arithmetical algorithm was simulated with Matlab software, and was transplanted to DSP hardware platform. The result of experiment has shown that the arithmetic operation is simple and the method spends a short time (less than 1 ms) in eliminating the baseline drift of ECG effectively and instantly.
Algorithms ; Artifacts ; Electrocardiography ; instrumentation ; methods ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

Objective:To explore the clinical and pathological features of Dubin-Johnson syndrome.Methods:The clinical and pathological characteristics of 18 cases of Dubin-Johnson syndrome diagnosed in the Department of Pathology of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from 2008 to 2018 were analyzed. Related literature was reviewed.Results:There were 15 male and three female patients. The male-to-female ratio was 5∶1. The age of the patients ranged from 17 to 73 years (median 24 years). Common clinical manifestations were jaundice, anorexia, and abnormal liver function tests. The pathological feature was the deposition of dark brown particles in the hepatocytes, especially those around the central veins.Conclusions:Dubin-Johnson syndrome mainly occurs in young people. The characteristic pathological changes are the deposition of dark brown particles in the hepatocytes around the central veins of the liver. The diagnosis of Dubin-Johnson syndrome mainly relies on clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, histopathological examinations and genetic testing. The understanding of Dubin-Johnson syndrome can help reduce the rates of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis of the disease.

Objective:To evaluate our novel path based on anatomical division of the anterior lateral wall of calcaneus and the sustentaculum tali for precise sustentacular screw placement in the surgical treatment of calcaneal fractures of Sanders types Ⅱ and Ⅲ.Methods:The anterior lateral wall of the calcaneus was divided into the anterior-superior zone S 1, the anterior-inferior zone S 2, the posterior-superior zone S 3 and the posterior-inferior zone S 4 for demarcation of the screw insertion points by our method of Four Zones, and into the front, middle and rear sections by our method of Three Sections for demarcation of the screw target points. The specimens were scanned by CT and modeled by Mimics. On the 3D virtual model of the calcaneus, one screw was placed from each zone of the anterior lateral wall of the calcaneus to the sustentaculum tali body. The screw placement target for S 1 and S 2 was the medial intersection point P 1 of the front and middle sections of the sustentaculum tali, and that for S 3 and S 4 was the medial intersection point P 2 of the middle and rear sections of the sustentaculum tali. It was observed whether the screws were placed in the bone channel. A total of 72 patients were included who had been admitted to Department of Orthopaedics, Suqian Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University for calcaneal fractures of Sanders types Ⅱ and Ⅲ from January 2017 to January 2021. They were divided into an anatomical division group and a 3D printing group according to their screw placement method for the sustentaculum tali. In the anatomical division group of 32 patients subjected to screw placement based on our anatomical division, there were 25 males and 7 females, aged from 24 to 60 years; in the 3D printing group of 40 patients subjected to screw placement assisted by 3D printing, there were 31 males and 9 females, aged from 25 to 58 years. The disparities between the parameters of sustentacular screw placement and the actual values were compared in the anatomical division group, and the total number of screws, screws on average, distribution of screws, and accuracy of screw placement were compared between the 2 groups. Results:All the screws which were virtually placed in the specimens of the calcaneus from S 1 and S 2 to P 1 and from S 3 and S 4 to P 2 passed through the bony channel, with no perforation into the tarsal sinus. There was no significant difference in the general date between the anatomical division group and the 3D printing group, showing they were comparable ( P > 0.05). In the anatomical division group, a total of 52 screws were placed to the sustentaculum tali with an average of (1.63 ± 0.48) screws per patient, and 2 screws were placed in 20 patients, yielding an accuracy rate of screw placement of 92.3% (48/52). There were no statistically significant differences between the parameters and the actual values of screw placement in the anatomical division group ( P > 0.05). In the 3D printing group, a total of 63 screws were placed to the sustentaculum tali with an average of (1.58 ± 0.49) screws per patient, and 2 screws were placed in 23 patients, yielding an accuracy rate of screw placement of 93.7% (59/63). There were no significant differences in the above comparisons between the anatomical division group and the 3D printing group ( P > 0.05). Conclusion:In the surgical treatment of calcaneal fractures of Sanders types Ⅱ and Ⅲ, the sustentacular screw placement based on our anatomical division of the anterior lateral wall of the calcaneus and the sustentaculum tali can lead to similar clinical accuracy as 3D printing-assisted screw placement does.

Objective To investigate the influence of infection factors on kidney transplantation after organ donation and possible countermeasures.Methods Thirty-seven cases of kidney transplantation in Organ Transplantation Center of Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University from January 2014 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into two groups according to perioperative infection prevention programs:42 patients with postoperative routine use of cephalosporins or penicillin for 2 weeks,and 95 patients with postoperative application of carbapenems + micafungin.Postoperative infection rate,occurrence time,pathogen infection;donor age,perioperative pathogens of donor and receptor (organ preservation solution,drainage fluid,urine,sputum samples),acute rejection,delayed graft function (DGF),diabetes mellitus,and the use of immunosuppressive agents were recorded.Results The infection rate in carbapenem + micafungin group was 12.6％,and the infection rate in cephalosporin or penicillin group was 19.4％ (P＜0.05).Pathogen positive detection rate of the drainage fluid,urine and sputum was lower in carbapenems + micafungin group than that in cephalosporins or penicillin (P＜0.05).Within 2 weeks after operation,the detection rate of bacteria and fungi in the carbapenems +micafungin infection prevention group was lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the detection of viruses (P＞0.05).There were no significant differences in the detection of pathogens among the two weeks to six months after surgery (P＞ 0.05).Donor infection,acute rejection,DGF,and diabetes mellitus were the risk factors for postoperative infection (P＜0.05).Conclusion The application of carbapenems and micafungin can reduce the incidence of infection for the early stage of DCD kidney transplantation.Donor infection,acute rejection,DGF and diabetes mellitus are all risk factors for the postoperative infection.