Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationships between various exercise components (frequency, intensity, duration) and social anxiety. Methods: A sample of 844 college students in China participated in this study. The Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 assessed participants’ daily physical activity. Social anxiety levels were measured using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. A questionnaire was developed to collect demographic information and examine the relationships between exercise components and social anxiety levels. Results: One-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences in social anxiety levels across varying physical activity intensities. Specifically, students engaging in high levels of physical activity exhibited the lowest social anxiety. Post hoc analyses identified that exercise frequency F3 (p<0.01), exercise duration D5 (p<0.01), and exercise intensity I3 (p<0.01) were significantly associated with the lowest social anxiety levels. Among these components, regression analysis indicated that exercise duration (p<0.01) had the most substantial impact on social anxiety levels, followed by exercise frequency (p<0.05). In contrast, exercise intensity (p>0.05) did not significantly affect social anxiety levels. Conclusion The most influential factors associated with decreased social anxiety were: 1) moderate to high exercise intensity, 2) exercise duration of at least one hour, and 3) exercise frequency of at least 1–2 times per week. Among these factors, exercise duration and frequency demonstrated significantly stronger associations with reduced social anxiety. Therefore, it is advisable to prioritize exercise duration and frequency in physical activity programs for college students to reduce social anxiety and achieve more substantial outcomes.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationships between various exercise components (frequency, intensity, duration) and social anxiety. Methods: A sample of 844 college students in China participated in this study. The Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 assessed participants’ daily physical activity. Social anxiety levels were measured using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. A questionnaire was developed to collect demographic information and examine the relationships between exercise components and social anxiety levels. Results: One-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences in social anxiety levels across varying physical activity intensities. Specifically, students engaging in high levels of physical activity exhibited the lowest social anxiety. Post hoc analyses identified that exercise frequency F3 (p<0.01), exercise duration D5 (p<0.01), and exercise intensity I3 (p<0.01) were significantly associated with the lowest social anxiety levels. Among these components, regression analysis indicated that exercise duration (p<0.01) had the most substantial impact on social anxiety levels, followed by exercise frequency (p<0.05). In contrast, exercise intensity (p>0.05) did not significantly affect social anxiety levels. Conclusion The most influential factors associated with decreased social anxiety were: 1) moderate to high exercise intensity, 2) exercise duration of at least one hour, and 3) exercise frequency of at least 1–2 times per week. Among these factors, exercise duration and frequency demonstrated significantly stronger associations with reduced social anxiety. Therefore, it is advisable to prioritize exercise duration and frequency in physical activity programs for college students to reduce social anxiety and achieve more substantial outcomes.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationships between various exercise components (frequency, intensity, duration) and social anxiety. Methods: A sample of 844 college students in China participated in this study. The Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 assessed participants’ daily physical activity. Social anxiety levels were measured using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. A questionnaire was developed to collect demographic information and examine the relationships between exercise components and social anxiety levels. Results: One-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences in social anxiety levels across varying physical activity intensities. Specifically, students engaging in high levels of physical activity exhibited the lowest social anxiety. Post hoc analyses identified that exercise frequency F3 (p<0.01), exercise duration D5 (p<0.01), and exercise intensity I3 (p<0.01) were significantly associated with the lowest social anxiety levels. Among these components, regression analysis indicated that exercise duration (p<0.01) had the most substantial impact on social anxiety levels, followed by exercise frequency (p<0.05). In contrast, exercise intensity (p>0.05) did not significantly affect social anxiety levels. Conclusion The most influential factors associated with decreased social anxiety were: 1) moderate to high exercise intensity, 2) exercise duration of at least one hour, and 3) exercise frequency of at least 1–2 times per week. Among these factors, exercise duration and frequency demonstrated significantly stronger associations with reduced social anxiety. Therefore, it is advisable to prioritize exercise duration and frequency in physical activity programs for college students to reduce social anxiety and achieve more substantial outcomes.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationships between various exercise components (frequency, intensity, duration) and social anxiety. Methods: A sample of 844 college students in China participated in this study. The Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 assessed participants’ daily physical activity. Social anxiety levels were measured using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. A questionnaire was developed to collect demographic information and examine the relationships between exercise components and social anxiety levels. Results: One-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences in social anxiety levels across varying physical activity intensities. Specifically, students engaging in high levels of physical activity exhibited the lowest social anxiety. Post hoc analyses identified that exercise frequency F3 (p<0.01), exercise duration D5 (p<0.01), and exercise intensity I3 (p<0.01) were significantly associated with the lowest social anxiety levels. Among these components, regression analysis indicated that exercise duration (p<0.01) had the most substantial impact on social anxiety levels, followed by exercise frequency (p<0.05). In contrast, exercise intensity (p>0.05) did not significantly affect social anxiety levels. Conclusion The most influential factors associated with decreased social anxiety were: 1) moderate to high exercise intensity, 2) exercise duration of at least one hour, and 3) exercise frequency of at least 1–2 times per week. Among these factors, exercise duration and frequency demonstrated significantly stronger associations with reduced social anxiety. Therefore, it is advisable to prioritize exercise duration and frequency in physical activity programs for college students to reduce social anxiety and achieve more substantial outcomes.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationships between various exercise components (frequency, intensity, duration) and social anxiety. Methods: A sample of 844 college students in China participated in this study. The Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 assessed participants’ daily physical activity. Social anxiety levels were measured using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. A questionnaire was developed to collect demographic information and examine the relationships between exercise components and social anxiety levels. Results: One-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences in social anxiety levels across varying physical activity intensities. Specifically, students engaging in high levels of physical activity exhibited the lowest social anxiety. Post hoc analyses identified that exercise frequency F3 (p<0.01), exercise duration D5 (p<0.01), and exercise intensity I3 (p<0.01) were significantly associated with the lowest social anxiety levels. Among these components, regression analysis indicated that exercise duration (p<0.01) had the most substantial impact on social anxiety levels, followed by exercise frequency (p<0.05). In contrast, exercise intensity (p>0.05) did not significantly affect social anxiety levels. Conclusion The most influential factors associated with decreased social anxiety were: 1) moderate to high exercise intensity, 2) exercise duration of at least one hour, and 3) exercise frequency of at least 1–2 times per week. Among these factors, exercise duration and frequency demonstrated significantly stronger associations with reduced social anxiety. Therefore, it is advisable to prioritize exercise duration and frequency in physical activity programs for college students to reduce social anxiety and achieve more substantial outcomes.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of electroacupuncture on the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)/PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin signaling pathway during acute kidney injury in endotoxemic rats.Methods:Twenty-four SPF healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 180-220 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=6 each) by a random number table method: control group(group C), endotoxemia group(group E), acupoint electroacupuncture+ endotoxemia group(group EE), and non-acupoint electroacupuncture+ endotoxemia group(group NE). The endotoxemia model was developed by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide 10 mg/kg. The equal volume of normal salinewas injected in group C. LPS 10 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected in group E. In group EE, 30-min electroacupuncture was performed at bilateral Zusanli and Shenshu acupoints using disperse-dense waves with a frequency of 2/15 Hz to induce slight muscle tremor once a day starting from 5 days before developing the model, and the needle was retained until 6 h after injection. Electroacupuncture was performed at the points 0.5 cm lateral to the acupoints of Zusanli and Shenshu in group NE. The rats were anesthetized at 6 h after lipopolysaccharide injection, and blood samples from the femoral vein were obtained for determination of the serum creatinine (Cr) and urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations(with a biochemical analyzer) and concentrations of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipid transport protein (NGAL), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1) in serum (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Then the rats were sacrificed and kidney tissues were taken for determination of histological score of kidneys (HSK, using HE staining) and expression of HO-1, PINK1, Parkin, mitochondrial fusion protein 2(Mfn2), optic atrophy protein 1(OPA1) and mitochondrial dynamic-related protein 1 (Drp1) (by Western blot). Results:Compared with group C, serum concentrations of Cr, BUN, KIM-1, NGAL, IL-6 and TNF-α and HSK score of renal tissues were significantly increased, the expression of HO-1, PINK1, Parkin and Drp1 was up-regulated, and the expression of Mfn2 and OPA1 was down-regulated in E, EE and NE groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group E, serum concentrations of Cr, BUN, KIM-1, NGAL, IL-6 and TNF-α and HSK score of renal tissues were significantly decreased, and the expression of HO-1, PINK1, Parkin, Mfn2 and OPA1 was up-regulated, and Drp1 expression was down-regulated in group EE( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group NE ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The mechanism by which electroacupuncture alleviates acute kidney injury is associated with activation of HO-1/PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway in endotoxemic rats.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of ozone preconditioning on splenic natural killer (NK) cells in septic mice.Methods:Twenty-four SPF-grade male C57BL/6 mice, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 18-22 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=6 each) according to the random number table method: control group (group C), lipopolysaccharide (LPS)group, ozone+ LPS group (O 3+ LPS) and air+ LPS group (Air+ LPS). The sepsis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of LPS 10 mg/kg. Ozone preconditioning was started at 5 days before developing the model: ozone 1 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected once a day for 5 consecutive days, the equal volume of air was injected in Air+ LPS group. The survival was observed within 72 h after LPS injection, and sepsis score and ear temperature (once every 2 h, an average was calculated) were recorded. The posterior orbital venous blood samples were taken at 6 and 24 h after LPS injection for determination of serum interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) concentrations using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The spleen was then taken, and a single cell suspension of the spleen was prepared for measurement of the percentage of NK cells in the spleen by flow cytometry. Results:Compared with C group, the ear temperature, sepsis score and 72-h survival rate were significantly decreased, serum IFN-γ and IL-10 concentrations were increased at each time point after LPS injection, and the percentage of splenic NK cells was increased at 6 h after LPS injection and decreased at 24 h after LPS injection in LPS, Air+ LPS and O 3+ LPS groups ( P<0.05). Compared with LPS group, the ear temperature, sepsis score and 72-h survival rate were significantly increased, serum IFN-γ concentrations were decreased at each time point after LPS injection, serum IL-10 concentrations were increased at each time point after LPS injection, and the percentage of splenic NK cells was decreased at 6 h after LPS injection and increased at 24 h after LPS injection in O 3+ LPS group ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in Air+ LPS group ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The mechanism by which ozone preconditioning reduces sepsis may be related to reduction of inflammatory responses and regulation of splenic NK cell levels in septic mice.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the effect of melatonin on postoperative sleep quality.Methods:Databases such as PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, China Biomedical Literature Database and China Science and Technology Journal Database were searched from inception to January 30, 2022 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effects of melatonin versus placebo on postoperative sleep quality.The outcomes analyzed were visual analog scale (VAS) score, sleep quality scale score, subjective sleep scale score, St.Mary′s Hospital sleep questionnaires score, sleep latency, total sleep time, number and duration of awakenings, and incidence of postoperative sleep disturbance.Statistical analysis was performed using the RevMan 5.4 software and Stata 16 software, and the trial sequential analysis (TSA) was conducted using the TSA 0.9.5.10 Beta software. Results:Eleven RCTs involving 822 patients were finally enrolled, with 431 patients in melatonin group and 391 patients in placebo group.The results of meta-analysis showed that melatonin significantly decreased postoperative VAS and sleep quality scale scores, and increased the postoperative subjective sleep scale and St.Mary′s Hospital sleep questionnaires scores, a daily dose of melatonin 6 mg produced a better efficacy, and it also prolonged the postoperative total sleep time and decreased the incidence of postoperative sleep disorders ( P<0.05), However, it had no effect on postoperative sleep latency and the number and duration of awakenings ( P>0.05). The results of TSA showed that although the actual sample size did not reach the expected sample size, the accumulated Z value crossed the traditional boundary value and the TSA boundary value, which indicated that the results of this meta-analysis had stability and further confirmed the efficacy of melatonin in improving postoperative sleep quality. Conclusions:Melatonin can improve postoperative sleep quality and a daily dose of melatonin 6 mg exerts a better efficacy.

The continuing challenges that limit effectiveness of tumor therapeutic vaccines were high heterogeneity of tumor immunogenicity, low bioactivity of antigens, as well as insufficient lymph nodes (LNs) drainage of antigens and adjuvants. Transportation of in situ neoantigens and adjuvants to LNs may be an effective approach to solve the abovementioned problems. Therefore, an FA-TSL/AuNCs/SV nanoplatform was constructed by integrating simvastatin (SV) adjuvant loaded Au nanocages (AuNCs) as cores (AuNCs/SV) and folic acid modified thermal-sensitive liposomes (FA-TSL) as shells to enhance de novo antitumor immunity. After accumulation in tumor guided by FA, AuNCs mediated photothermal therapy (PTT) induced the release of tumor-derived protein antigens (TDPAs) and the shedding of FA-TSL. Exposed AuNCs/SV soon captured TDPAs to form in situ recombinant vaccine (AuNCs/SV/TDPAs). Subsequently, AuNCs/SV/TDPAs could efficiently transport to draining LNs owing to the hyperthermia induced vasodilation effect and small particle size, achieving co-delivery of antigens and adjuvant for initiation of specific T cell response. In melanoma bearing mice, FA-TSL/AuNCs/SV and laser irradiation effectively ablated primary tumor, against metastatic tumors and induced immunological memory. This approach served a hyperthermia enhanced platform drainage to enable robust personalized cancer vaccination.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on pyroptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells of rats with acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by endotoxin.Methods:Twenty-four healthy clean-grade Sprague-Dawley rats of either gender, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 160-182 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=6 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), group AKI, EA plus AKI group (group EA), sham EA at non-acupoint plus AKI group (group SEA). The model of endotoxemia was established by intraperitoneally injecting 10 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide.Bilateral 30 min EA stimulation of Zusanli and Shenyu (according to atlas of animal acupoint) was performed starting from 5 days before establishing the model (once a day) and at 30 min before lipopolysaccharide administration on the day of establishing the model, with disperse-dense waves, frequency of 15 Hz, and the needle was kept until 6 h after injection of LPS in group EA.EA was performed at the points 0.5 cm lateral to the acupoints of Zusanli and Shenyu in group SEA.At 6 h after LPS injection, blood was taken from the heart, and the concentrations of serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) were detected by an automatic biochemical analyzer, and the serum concentrations of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The rats were then sacrificed, and the left renal cortex was obtained for determination of pyroptosis rate of renal tubular epithelial cells (by TUNEL). The right renal cortex was obtained to detect the expression of caspase-1 and IL-1β by Western blot, and the expression of caspase-1 mRNA and IL-1β mRNA was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results:Compared with group C, the concentrations of BUN, Cr, NGAL, KIM-1, TNF-α, and IL-6 were significantly increased, the pyroptosis rate of renal tubular epithelial cells was increased, the expression of caspase-1 and IL-1β protein and mRNA in the renal cortex was up-regulated in group AKI ( P<0.05). Compared with group AKI, the concentrations of BUN, Cr, NGAL, KIM-1, TNF-α, and IL-6 were significantly decreased, the pyroptosis rate of renal tubular epithelial cells was decreased, the expression of caspase-1 and IL-1β protein and mRNA in the renal cortex was down-regulated in group SEA ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The mechanism by which EA reduces AKI may be related to inhibiting pyroptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells of rats.