Objective: To summarize the different cardiac shunt presentation in right heart contrast echocardiography and to clarify its clinical value for diagnosing the patients with congenital heart disease (CHD).
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 102 patients who received right heart contrast echocardiography in our hospital from 2006 to 2014. The contrast media was the hand-vibrated mixture of 9 ml 50% glucose solution with 1 ml air.
Results: There were 49/102 patients with abnormal blood shunt detected including 8 patients of atrial septal defect (ASD) with right to left or dual shunt, 7 of ASD with left to right shunt, 9 of patent foramen ovale (PFO) with functional right to left shunt, 13 of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) combining pulmonary arterial hypertension, 3 of pulmonary arteriovenous ifstula (PAVF), 9 patients with persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) and 8 of them drain to coronary vein sinus, 1 drain to left atrium.
Conclusion: Right heart contrast echocardiography may simply and effectively detect abnormal blood shunt in patients combining pulmonary arterial hypertension and improve the diagnostic accuracy of CHD.

Abstract Low level light therapy utilizes the photochemical effect of red light to induce reactions in the irradiated body tissue to achieve the therapeutic effect. Myopia and amblyopia are diseases which threaten the eye health of children and adolescents. Red light has been used to treat amblyopia for decades. Recently, its application in myopia prevention and control has become a new hotspot. This review summarizes the application of low level red light in children and adolescents with myopia and amblyopia from the aspects of intervention mode, effect, factors, mechanism and safety to provide reference for future researches.

Background and Objectives: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, which the mechanisms behind its initiation and development are related to many factors. DMSCs (dermal mesenchymal stem cells) represent an important member of the skin microenvironment and play an important role in the surrounding environment and in neighbouring cells, but they are also affected by the microenvironment. We studied the glucose metabolism of DMSCs in psoriasis patients and a control group to reveal the relationship among glucose metabolism, cell proliferation activity，and VEC (vascular endothelial cell) differentiation in vitro, we demonstrated the biological activity and molecular mechanisms of DMSCs in psoriasis. Methods: and Results: We found that the OCR of DMSCs in psoriatic lesions was higher than that in the control group, and mRNA of GLUT1 and HK2 were up-regulated compared with the control group. The proliferative activity of DMSCs in psoriasis was reduced at an early stage, and mRNA involved in proliferation, JUNB and FOS were expressed at lower levels than those in the control group. The number of blood vessels in psoriatic lesions was significantly higher than that in the control group (p＜0.05), which the mRNA of VEC differentiation, CXCL12, CXCR7, HEYL and RGS5 tended to be increased in psoriatic lesions compared to the control group, in addition to Notch3. Conclusions We speculated that DMSCs affected local psoriatic blood vessels through glucose metabolism, and the differentiation of VECs, which resulted in the pathophysiological process of psoriasis.

The continuing challenges that limit effectiveness of tumor therapeutic vaccines were high heterogeneity of tumor immunogenicity, low bioactivity of antigens, as well as insufficient lymph nodes (LNs) drainage of antigens and adjuvants. Transportation of in situ neoantigens and adjuvants to LNs may be an effective approach to solve the abovementioned problems. Therefore, an FA-TSL/AuNCs/SV nanoplatform was constructed by integrating simvastatin (SV) adjuvant loaded Au nanocages (AuNCs) as cores (AuNCs/SV) and folic acid modified thermal-sensitive liposomes (FA-TSL) as shells to enhance de novo antitumor immunity. After accumulation in tumor guided by FA, AuNCs mediated photothermal therapy (PTT) induced the release of tumor-derived protein antigens (TDPAs) and the shedding of FA-TSL. Exposed AuNCs/SV soon captured TDPAs to form in situ recombinant vaccine (AuNCs/SV/TDPAs). Subsequently, AuNCs/SV/TDPAs could efficiently transport to draining LNs owing to the hyperthermia induced vasodilation effect and small particle size, achieving co-delivery of antigens and adjuvant for initiation of specific T cell response. In melanoma bearing mice, FA-TSL/AuNCs/SV and laser irradiation effectively ablated primary tumor, against metastatic tumors and induced immunological memory. This approach served a hyperthermia enhanced platform drainage to enable robust personalized cancer vaccination.

【Objective】 To explore whether the effect of functional electrical stimulation combined with respiratory training on patients with mechanical ventilation is superior to that of single lung rehabilitation scheme. 【Methods】 We selected 90 patients with mechanical ventilation hospitalized in the central ICU of our hospital from March 2018 to October 2019 and randomly assigned them into the functional electrical stimulation group (30 cases), respiratory function training group (30 cases), and the combined rehabilitation group (functional electrical stimulation combined with respiratory training) (30 cases). The treatment time in the three groups was 40 minutes each time. The treatment was given once a day, 6 times a week, and lasted for 2 weeks. B-ultrasound was used to measure the changes of the diaphragm and calculate the score of diaphragm thickening. The success rate of weaning, incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), duration of mechanical ventilation, and length of stay in ICU can be quantified according to the clinical nursing records. 【Results】 There were significant differences in the success rate of weaning, incidence of VAP, time of mechanical ventilation, and length of ICU stay in the three groups. However, the success rate of weaning, incidence of VAP, time of mechanical ventilation, and the length of ICU stay in the combined rehabilitation group were better than those in the other two groups (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The effect of functional electrical stimulation combined with respiratory training on patients with mechanical ventilation is significantly better than that of single lung rehabilitation scheme. The former one is superior to the single rehabilitation scheme in improving the success rate of weaning, increasing the activity of diaphragm, shortening the time of mechanical ventilation, and the length of stay in ICU.

Malignant tumors in the head and neck seriously threaten the physical and mental health of patients. After treatment, they may cause many complications, such as facial deformity, difficulties with chewing, dysphagia and asaphia. Among them, trismus (restricted mouth opening) is one of the most common complications after treatment of malignant oral-maxillofacial tumors. In severe cases, patients may even suffer from trismus and eating difficulties, finally leading to malnutrition and even cachexia. Therefore, it not only affects the quality of life of patients and even endangers their lives but also brings heavy social and economic burdens. How to effectively prevent and treat posttreatment trismus is a clinical problem that is easily ignored by head and neck surgeons and urgently needs to be solved. The results of a literature review showed that trismus may be related to the tumor clinical stage, tumor site, treatment used, radiotherapy site, radiotherapy dose, radiotherapy type, and other factors. The incidence of trismus tends to be significant 6 months after treatment. Without early intervention, the resulting dysfunction may become more severe. Current studies have shown that the prevention and treatment of restricted mouth opening is based on controlling the progress of restricted mouth opening and restoring function. Exercise intervention for trismus can significantly improve the restricted mouth opening of patients with malignant head and neck tumors after treatment.