Objective To investigate the application of ultrasound localization during craniocerebral operations. Methods Thirty-one cases with intracranial space occupying lesion were surgically treated with guidance of ultrasound, which was applied to real-time localization while revealing skull, tracing during operation and evaluation of the operation's effect before locking up the skull. Results In our group, 31 cases were checked using ultrasound localization during operation. Ultrasound could level the lesion's size and position, which was in accordance with the result of CT and MRI before operation. With the application of ultrasound localization, the lesion could be probed exactly. Conclusions Ultrasound localization during operation is simple, effective and secure, and is helpful to enhance the accuracy of the craniocerebral operations, reduce the blindly exploration, shorten the operation time, and what is more important, reduce unnecessary tissue damage of normal brain tissue, which obviously possess much clinical utilization.

An enrichment culture showing specific algae-lysing activity was isolated from the mixtures of different samples and Microcystis aeruginosa. The process of algal lysis was monitored by chlorophyll measurement, PCR, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The result showed that the enrichment culture had still high algicidal activity against M. aeruginosa after 1/100000 dilution. Rubritepida sp. C1, Pseudomonas sp. C2 and Sphingomonas sp. C3, as accompanying bacteria, existed in M.aeruginosa. The bacterial community in M. aeruginosa showed significant change after adding the enrichment culture, where uncultured Flavorbacterium sp. A2, Sphingomonas sp. C3 and Hydrogenophaga sp. A3 were observed, and A2 became a dominant species. The obvious correlation can be seen between change of bacterial population and extinction of M. aeruginosa. Compared identification of pure bacterium with sequencing of DGGE band, it was inferred that uncultured bacteria were probably play an important role in controlling the growth and abundance of M. aeruginosa.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a major mechanism in tumor metastasis.As the key regulatory factor,Twist gene plays an important role in EMT,and it can be induced by radiotherapy,chemotherapy and a variety of cytokines.Researches show that tumor cells can get stem cell-like properties via EMT,which can lead to chemo-radiotherapy resistance,tumor angiogenesis and distant metastasis.EMT has a great influence on the prognosis of tumor,and it is expected to become an important target for tumor treatment.

Objective To analyze the application of clinicopathological features and LEF-1 in the diagnosis of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas (SPN).Methods Clinical and pathological data of 227 cases who were pathologically diagnosed as pancreatic SPN at Changhai Hospital from Jan 2000 to Dec 2015 were collected and analyzed.Immunochemical assay was used to detect the expression of LEF-1 in 132 cases of SPN, and the results were compared with β-catenin, which is most commonly used for diagnosing SPN.Results 81.9% of patients with SPN were female (186/227).Mean age at the onset was 34 years.Mean tumor size was 5.4 cm.48.5% tumors were localized in the pancreatic tail, and 33% in the head.46.3% tumors were cystic and solid, 42.3% were solid, and 11.4% were cystic.There were 2 cases of lymph node metastasis (0.9%), 15 cases of vascular tumor thrombus (6.6%), 14 cases of nerve invasion (6.2%), and 13 cases of adjacent organs invasion (5.7%) based on microscopic observations.Immunochemical analysis showed that 130 of 132 cases with SPN expressed LEF-1 with strong nuclear positivity, and the positivity rate was 98.5%.But no obvious expression of LEF-1 can be seen in normal pancreatic tissue and other pancreatic tumors.The specificity was 100%.The positivity of β-catenin expression in SPN was 96.6%(144/149), and β-catenin was positively expressed in only one case of acinar cell carcinoma.Tumors were completely removed by surgery in 165 cases, and the median follow-up was 51 months.By Oct 31, 2016, 162 patients (98.2%) survived, 5 had liver metastasis, and 1 had recurrence.Conclusions SPN is predominantly encountered in young female patients, and the clinical manifestations are not specific.LEF-1 can be used as a specific marker for the diagnosis and differentiation of SPN, which is more accurate than β-catenin.

Objective To study the correlation between serum lipids and thyroid function after withdrawn of thyroid hormone in the patients with differentiated thyroid cancer .Methods One hundred and thirty cases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma treated by operative therapy in our hospital form August 2014 to August 2015 were selected .Serum FT4 ,TSH ,FT3 ,triglyceride ,total cho-lesterol ,LDL-C ,HDL-C indexes were detected before discontinuation of levothyroxine sodium (L-T4) ,before operation and 3 weeks after drug withdrawn .Thus the correlation between blood lipid levels and thyroid function was analyzed .Results The HDL-C and the TSH level was positively related before operation (P<0 .05) ,other indexes had no obvious correlation with thyroid function (P>0 .05);the blood lipid levels after medication withdrawn had no obvious correlation with thyroid function (P>0 .05);the total cholesterol levels after medication discontinuation had negative correlation with FT 3 and FT4 levels(P<0 .05);HDL-C was nega-tively correlated with FT3 and FT4 levels(P<0 .05) ,and positively correlated with TSH level (P<0 .05);LDL-C was negatively correlated with FT4 (P<0 .05) .Conclusion When the application treatment of thyroid hormone is suspended ,with the TSH level increase ,the HDL-C level has somewhat elevation ;total cholesterol ,HDL-C and LDL-C levels are negatively correlated with FT 3 and FT4 ,after discontinuation of medication withdrawn ,the blood lipids metabolism abnormality is closely related with thyroid function decline .

Objective To explore the value of combined measurement of urine N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity and serum Cystatin C in diagnosing diabetic nephropathy (DN) in early phase. Methods Sixty-two cases with type 2 diabetes (diabetic group) were divided into three groups according to their 24 hours urinary albumin excretion (24hUAE) : group A (normal albuminuria, 20 cases), group B (microalbuminuria, 22 cases) and group C (macroalbuminuria, 20 cases). Furthermore, 30 healthy people were involved in control group. 24hUAE,NAG,serum creatinine (SCr) and serum Cystatin C were measured, and endogenous creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) was calculated by Cockcroft-Gault formula. All these indexes among three groups were compared. Results The levels of urinary NAG activity and serum Cystafin C in diabetic group was significantly higher and Ccr was significantly lower than those in control group(P < 0.01). The levels of urinary NAG activity and serum cystatin C gradually increased in group A, B and C(P< 0.05 or < 0.01). While no significant difference was observed between group A and group B in the level of SCr (P > 0.05). There were significant positive correlations among the levels of urinary NAG activity, serum Cystatin C,24hUAE and SCr (P< 0.01),and all above showed negative correlations with Ccr (P<0.01). Co-detection of urinary NAG activity and serum Cystatin C had significantly higher positive rate [80.6%(50/62)] than single one [58.1%(36/62),61.3%(38/62)](P<0.05). Conclusion Co-detection of urinary NAG activity and serum Cystatin C may indicate early renal damage in DN, and it is valuable in diagnosing DN in early phase.

sing guidewire through temporary catheter is an alternative strategy, because of avoiding this avoids vein re-puncturation and doesn't increase catheter related complication.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinicopathological features,immunohistochemical phenotype of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma.MethodsEight cases of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma admitted to our hospital from January 2001to January 2011were retrospectively analyzed. The clinicopathological characteristics,and immunohistochemical staining for phenotype were analyzed,then the follow-up data were summarized.ResultsAll 8 patients with pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma was male,with a median age of 47 years old.Tumors were located in the pancreatic head in 4 patients,pancreatic body and tail in 4 patients.The average tumor size was 4.5 cm × 4.0 cm × 3.2 cm,the section appeared as gray or gray-red and presented as solid or cystic lesions.Larger tumors were often accompanied by hemorrhage and necrosis.Microscopically,the tumor cells arranged in acinic,cord,trabecular or solid nests.The cytoplasm was abundant and eosinophilic.The nuclear was round,oval,slightly atypia.lmmunohistochemical staining showed diffusely positive for CAM5.2,α-AT,α-ACT and focally positive for CA19-9,CEA,E-cad,β-cat and MUC-1 and only occasionally positive for AFP,NSE,Syn and CgA.Follow-up data showed there was one case of postoperative death due to postoperative pancreatic leakage with abdominal infection.Liver metastasis occurred in 4 cases,among whom,2 cases died.ConclusionsPancreatic acinar cell carcinoma is a rare epithelial malignant tumor of pancreas,with distinct phenotype characteristics.

Objective To study the correlation between the post-transplant renal allograft function and the variation of serum cystatin C (CyC) concentration in renal allograft recipients. Methods One hundred and ninety-three renal allograft recipients accepted the same combination immunosuppressive regimen of tacrolimus, mycophenolate and prednisone were enrolled into the study. Patient's serum and urine samples were collected on day 5 post-transplant to detect serum cystatin C, serum and urine creatinine (SCr). Correlation analysis was used to analyze correlation between CyC concentration and SCr concentration or the calculated creatinine clearance rate (CkCCr) by using the Cockcroft-Gault equation and urine creatinine clearance rate (CCr). Specificity and sensitivity of using the CyC concentration to evaluate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were calculated as well.Results The mean concentrations of serum CyC and SCr on day 5 post-transplant were (1.91±1.2)mg/L and (174.0±129.1)μmol/L, respectively. While the CCr and CkCCr were (67.9±27.3)ml/min and (68.1±27.8)ml/min, respectively. Forty-two patients had a CyC concentration below 1.25 mg/L, 102 patients'CyC concentrations were between 1.25 and 2.0 mg/L and 49 patients'CyC concentrations were above 2. 0 mg/L. As for SCr, 62 patients had a concentration below 125 μmol/L, 83 patients'concentrations were between 125 and 200 μmol/L and 48 patients'concentrations were above 200 μmol/L. For CkCCr, there were 52 cases with a concentration above 80 ml/min, 96 cases with a concentration between 80 and 60 ml/min and 45 cases with a concentration below 60 ml/min. Serum CyC concentration had a negative correlation with CkCCr (r=-0. 907, P＜0. 001) and had a significantly positive correlation with SCr concentration (r=0. 886, P＜0. 001). SCr had a significantly negative relationship with CkCCr (r=-0. 889 ,P＜0. 001). Serum CyC had higher correlation with CkCCr than the correlation between SCr and CkCCr. The ROC curves showed that areas under curve of CyC, SCr, CCr and CkCCr were 0. 877, 0. 771, 0. 832 and 0. 909, respectively. Specificity and sensitivity of CyC, SCr,CCr and CkCCr were 69.3%, 96.1%, 77.1%, 71.3%and 91.6%, 52.2%, 67.5%, 84.6%, respectively.Conclusions Serum CyC concentration elevates earlier than SCr concentration when there is slight renal function impairment. Serum CyC concentration might become a more sensitive marker to evaluate the post-transplant renal allograft function in renal transplant recipients.

Objective To investigate the injury caused by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on human renal tubular epithelial cell (HKC) and its effect on calcium oxalate (CaOxa) crystal crystallization time before and after the injury. Methods The injury degree of HKC by H2O2 was measured by detecting the cell survival rate and the concentration change of malonaldehyde (MDA). CaOxa crystallization was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results Control cells induced only a small amount of calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) crystals, while the injured cells not only induced calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals, but also increased the number and aggregation of CaOxa crystals. After incubating with CaOxa supersaturated solution, the control group HKC cells could be injured as well. Conclusions H2O2 can cause oxidative damage on HKC. The injured HKC promotes the nucleation and aggregation of COM crystals. In the body environment, the long-term presence of crystals in urinary tract is a risk factor for stone formation.