The paper proposes and realizes a programmable wireless neural stimulation system which can be used as a solution of functional electrical stimulation to treat neural diseases. The system is composed of two parts: controller and neural stimulator. The controller can transmit pulse parameters to the stimulator wirelessly, and the stimulator can generate bidirectional pulses with charge balance. The simulator takes use of ADCs to sample on the bidirectional pulse output, which compared with preset amplitude to the DAC output voltage to realize the voltage calibration. Through the test, the whole system works stably and the output of the biphasic charge balanced circuit is definite. The stimulator output ranges from 0 to 5 V ajustably, and the frequency ranges from 1 Hz to 200 Hz ajustably, while the pulse width ranges from 500 μs to 1500 μs ajustably. The duration of the stimulation can be set from 10 s to 10 min.
Electric Stimulation ; instrumentation ; Equipment Design ; Wireless Technology

AIM: To study the effects of dexamethasone (DXM) on intracellular expression of TH1/TH2 cytokines and the mechanism of that during the development of asthma. METHODS: Eighteen BALB/c mice were divided into 3 groups at random: control group, asthma group, and DXM treated group, with 6 mice in each. The expressions of T-box expressed in T cells (T-bet) and GATA-binding protein-3 (GATA-3) in lung tissue were detected by Western blotting. The expressions of intracellular cytokines interleukin-4 and interferon-? in CD4+ T cell were measured by flowcytometry.RESULTS: The results of flow cytometry indicated that the ratio of intracellular cytokines IL-4/IFN-? in CD4+ T cells in asthma group was much higher than that in control group (P

Objective To investigate the effects of loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) on pregnancy and delivery outcomes of patients with cervical epithelial neoplasia (GIN). Method The delivery data of 27 pregnant women who had LEEP from May 1995 to April 2002 were retrospectively collected and analysed. Results The mean age of the 27 women was 30. 3 years ( range 23 -40 years). Ten women underwent artificial abortion. One ectopic pregnancy and two spontaneous miscarriages occurred at 6 to 8 weeks of gestation. There were 14 term pregnancies, 9 of them via vaginal delivery and 5 via caesarean section. The birth weight of newborns ranged from 2905 to 4000 g. All of newborns had a high Apgar score. No asphyxia occurred. Conclusions LEEP is a safe and effective treatment for patients with CIN. It will not increase the risk of pregnancy and delivery of the patients.

Objective To investigate the indication of turbine technique or hammer and chisel technique removral of impacted mandibular third molars.Methods 486 impacted mandibular third molars patients were randomly divided into two treatment groups.One group received turbine technigue of 199 cases.while another group received hammer and chisel technique of 287 cases.Both the duration of operation and complications were compared.Results The average duration of the operation with turbine technique was(10 ～ 45)min,while with hammer and chisel technique was(12 ～ 90)min,respectively(P ＜ 0.05)in the removal of impacted mandibalar third molars.there were significant differences between two groups.The standardized rate of complication with tubine tehnique was 28.8％,while with hammer and clisel technique was 55.1％ in the remoral of impacted mandibular third molars.Conclusion Extraction of impacted mandi-bular third molars with air turbine hand piece could reduce complication during operation,and risperidone showed better results.It is worth for clinical use.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Noninvasive Ventilation ; Nutritional Support ; Pneumoconiosis ; complications ; therapy ; Positive-Pressure Respiration ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; etiology ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies

Aim To study the effects of dexamethasone(DXM)and peroxisome-proliferation activated receptor?(PPAR?)agonist pioglitazone on intracellular cytokines expression of T_H1/T_H2 and the mechanism of that in asthma model,and compare the difference between two drugs.Methods 24 Balb/c mice were divided into 4 groups randomly: control group,asthma group,DXM group,and pioglitazone group,with 6 mice in each group.The expression of T-bet and GATA3 of lung were detected using western blot,and the intracellular cytokines interluekin 4 and interferon ? expressions of CD~(4+)Tcell were measured using flowcytometry.Results Compared with control group,the level of the expression of T-bet of lung in asthma group increased significantly(P0.05),while both of GATA3 and T-bet decreased after DXM treatment,and the decreasing degree of GATA3 was more than that of T-bet.The results of flowcytometry indicated that the ratio of intracellular cytokines IL-4/IFN? of CD~(4+) T cell in asthma group was much higher than that of control group(P

Objective To determine if in vivo detection of choline by1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy(1H-MRS) could differentiate between benign and malignant bone and soft tissue tumors.Methods MR spectroscopy was performed in 28 cases, including 5 healthy subjects and 23 cases of extremital tumors. Examination was performed by using a point-resolved spectroscopic sequence with echo times of 35,144 and 288 ms.Results 1H-MRS spectrum was different among normal tissue, benign and malignant tumor.Conclusion Choline can be reliable detected in malignant tumor of bone and soft tissue by using1H-MRS.1H-MRS can help differentiate malignant tumor from benign tumor.

Objective: To establish a curve of dosage gradient-liver signal intensity of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) in normal rats and to find an appropriate dose for enhancement. Methods: Seventy-two SD rats, 4 rats a group at random, underwent MR enhancement with 0, 2, 5, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 100, 140, 210, 280 μmol/kg SPIO respectively after plane examination. The signal-to-noise ratio of liver was measured and a curve of dosage gradient-liver signal intensity was made. Results: (1)With the increase of SPIO dose, the signal intensity of both T1 and T2 weighted images of liver declined. (2)T2 weighted images was more sensitive than T1 weighted images in small dose, the ED50 of T1 weighted was 8 μmol/kg, and the ED50 of T2 weighted was 5 μmol/kg. (3)When the dose was greater than 15 μmol/kg, the signal intensity of T1 weighted images declined more rapidly than T2 weighted, the effect of enhanced T1 weighted images resembled T2 weighted ones, and its images was with more fine resolution. (4)At the dose of 40 μmol/kg, the signal intensity of T1 weighted images approached the background noise, and at the dose of 15 μmol/kg, the signal intensity of T2 weighted images approached the background noise. Conclusion: Good effect of T1 and T2 enhanced MR imaging can be acquired at the dose of 20-10 μmol/kg SPIO respectively, the best contrast-to-noise ratio is found on T2 weighted enhanced MR image.

ObjectiveTo investigate the modification method of Cervical Spine Injury Severity Score System and discuss diagnosis and treatment strategy of lower cervical spine injuries.Methods Treatments of lower cervical spine injuries were selected according to the injury severity graded by the modified Moore' s classification system.Conservative therapy could be adopted for the patients with stability quantification rating ＜ 3 points or for the those with stability quantification rating =3 points but without spinal cord or nerve root compression.Surgical treatment was recommendable for the patients with stability quantification rating =3 points and with spinal cord or nerve root compression.Surgical therapy could be required for the patients with stability quantification rating ≥4 points and with risk of lower cervical instability.The higher the stability quantification score implied the stronger the surgical indications.Lower cervical spine injury combined with spine cord or nerve root compression had absolute surgical indications.At the same time,therapies were selected based on patients' other factors.ResultsBased on basic principles of the modified Moore' s classification system together with opinions of the patients and their relatives,14 patients were managed with surgical treatment and 16 with conservative treatment.Among the patients with complete spinal cord injury (Grade A),two patients treated surgically showed no obvious signs of spinal function recovery,but their nerve root irritation symptoms disappeared; the other one patient who needed surgery but received conservative treatment had no change of the spinal cord function and nerve root irritation.The patients with incomplete spinal cord injury (Grades B,C and D) treated surgically obtained certain degree of spine cord function recovery,with their American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) score raised by 0.5 grade on average.However,the patients who needed surgery but received conservative treatment gained average increase of ASIA score for 0.5 grade.Imaging examination showed that patients without combined spinal injuries obtained interbody fusion after surgery,with normal alignment and height of the cervical vertebra but without presence of vertebral shift or instability. ConclusionsThe modified Moore' s classification system takes patients' spiaal injury condition and other factors into consideration in selection of conservative or surgical treatment,which improves the Cervical Spine Injury Severity Score System to some extent and has prospect of clinical application.

OBJECTIVE： To establish HPLC fingerprint of Xiaojin capsules， and to conduct principal component analysis. METHODS： HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Agilent TC-C18（2） column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.2％ formic acid solution （gradient elution） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 240 nm， and column temperature was 25 ℃. The sample size was 20 μL. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid was used as reference and HPLC fingerprints of 15 batches of Xiaojin capsules were determined. The similarity evaluation of common peaks was conducted by using the TCM Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System （2004A edition） to confirm common peaks. Principal component analysis was conducted by using Minitab 17.0 software. RESULTS： The similarity of 1 batch of sample was lower than 0.800； there was no common peaks No. 13， 14， 15 in HPLC chromatogram of the batch， compared with other 14 batches. There were 15 common peaks in the HPLC fingerprints of 14 batches of samples and three chromatographic peaks were identified， such as quercetin，amentoflavone， acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid. The similarity of 14 batches ranged 0.889-0.990. Through principal component analysis， accumulative contribution rate of 2 principal component factors was 94.4％. It was indicated that the content change of corresponding components of common peaks No. 8， 9， 11， 12， 14 in samples was an important reason for the quality difference of samples， especially common peaks No.8， 9. CONCLUSIONS： The established HPLC fingerprint and principal component analysis can provide reference for quality evaluation of Xiaojin capsules.