Objective To investigate the effect of valsartan and amlodipine on urinary microalbumin in elderly hypertensive patients. Methods 100 elderly patients with hypertension treated in our hospital from May 2015 to October 2016 were selected and randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group, with 50 patients in each group. The patients in the control group received oral valsartan, and the patients in the experimental group were treated with valsartan and amlodipine. The treatment time of the experimental group and the control group was 12 weeks. The clinical indexes of the experimental group and the control group were compared and analyzed. Results After the corresponding treatment, the experimental group and the control group did not have obvious adverse reactions. There were 2 cases of headache in the experimental group, 1 cases of vertigo, and 2 cases of vertigo in the control group. However, there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the experimental group and the control group, and there was no statistical significance. The antihypertensive effect of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). After treatment, the urinary microalbumin in the experimental group and the control group was significantly lower than that in the treatment group, and the level of microalbuminuria in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion The clinical effect of treatment of elderly patients with hypertension better combined with valsartan and amlodipine, antihypertensive effect is stronger, can significantly improve the patient's urinary albumin, with further clinical promotion and application significance.

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion(MI/R) injury refers to restoring blood perfusion after myocardial ischemia for a relatively long time, but the tissue appears more obvious and severe myocardial damage and dysfunction than before reperfusion, this phenomenon mainly relates to inflammation, oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, cell autophagy and so on.NF-κB is a nuclear transcription factor involved in regulating a variety of pathophysiological processes, which also plays an important role in all aspects of MI/R injury.The in-depth study of NF-κB in MI/R injury and clinical application of related research will provide new ideas and methods for treating MI/R injury.

Objective:To study the effect of endothelin receptor antagonist BQ-123 on the nerve function damage after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)in the rats,and to explore the mechanisms.Methods:Total 120 male SD rats were divided into sham group,SAH group,low dose of BQ-123 group (50 μg· kg-1 )and high dose of BQ-123 group (75 μg·kg-1 ).The SAH rat models were established by injecting the autologous blood into cisterna magna twice.The morphological changes of hippocampus nerve cells of rat brain tissue were detected with HE staining, and the expressions of mTOR, Beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ in the hippocampus of rats were detected with immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR;the shuttle-box experiment was used to evaluate the abilities of learning and memory,and the holding power evaluation was used to evaluate the forelimb pulling force of the rats in various groups at each time point.Results:Compared with sham group,the morphological damages of neurons of the rats in SAH group were increased,the survival rate of neurons of the rats in SAH group was decreased (P <0.05),the expression levels of mTOR mRNA,Beclin-1 mRNA and LC3-Ⅱ mRNA in hippocampus tissue of the rats were increased (P < 0.05),and the abtilities of learning and memory and the values of holding power were decreased (P <0.05).Compared with SAH group,the morphological damages of neurons of the rats in BQ-123 groups were decreased,the survival rates of neurons of the rats in BQ-123 groups were increased (P < 0.05),the expression levels of mTOR mRNA of rats were decreased (P <0.05),the expression levels of Beclin-1 mRNA and LC3-ⅡmRNA in hippocampus tissue were increased (P <0.05),and the abilities of learning and memory and the values of holding power were increased (P < 0.05 ). The changes were more significant in high dose of BQ-123 group compared with low dose of BQ-123 group (P <0.05).Conclusion:BQ-123 can improve the nerve function damage after SAH in the rats,its mechanism may be related to regulating the mTOR/autophagy signaling pathway.

Objectives To investigate the treatment effect of endothelin A receptor antagonist BQ-123 on early brain injury of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH ) in rats and its mechanism. Methods According to the random number table method,120 SD rats were divided into four groups:a sham operation (sham),a SAH,a high-dose BQ-123 (75 μg/ kg),and a low-dose BQ-123 (50 μg/ kg)(n = 30 in each group). A rat model was induced by using the injection of blood into cisterna magna twice. After establishing models at hours 6,24,72,and 144,the rats were further divided into four subgroups. Light and electron microscopes were used to observe the changes of the morphological structure in hippocampal area. Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression levels of phosphoinositide 3 kina (PI3-K),protein kinase B (PKB/ Akt),and mammal target of rapamycin (mTOR). Results (1)In the process of model making,7 rats died and 1 model did not meet the criteria and was excluded from the SAH group. Six rats died in the high-dose BQ-123 group and the low-dose BQ-123 group respectively. One rat in each group did not meet the criteria and was excluded. The rats were included in the final statistical analysis:30 in the sham group,22 in the SAH group,23 in the high-dose BQ-123 group,and 23 in the low-dose BQ-123 group. (2)Compared with the sham group,the expression levels of PI3-K,AKt and mTOR were increased signifi-cantly (all P < 0. 05). Compared with SAH group,the hippocampal neuronal morphology and structure damage were alleviated in the low-dose BQ-123 group. The number of surviving neurons at each time point was increased ([132 ±18],[110 ±16],[84 ±13],[92 ± 10]cells/ HP,all P < 0. 05). The tensile force values of rats were increased at each time point and the learning and memory function were improved. The expression levels of PI3-K and Akt were further increased (all P < 0. 05). The expression level of mTOR was decreased (all P < 0. 05). (3)Compared with the low-dose BQ-123 group,the morphological and structural damage of hippocampal neurons were alleviated. The number of surviving neurons at each time point ([153 ±20],[131 ± 18],[137 ±19]and [135 ± 17]cells/ HP)was increased (all P < 0. 05). The tensile force values of the rats were increased at each time point. The learning and memory function of the animals were improved. The expression levels of PI3-K (3. 8 ± 0. 8,8. 9 ± 2. 4,8. 6 ± 2. 4,and 6. 2 ± 2. 0)and Akt (4. 86 ± 1. 74, 8. 64 ± 1. 62,7. 94 ± 1. 70,and 6. 48 ± 1. 58)were further increased (all P < 0. 05). The expression levels of mTOR (2. 89 ± 0. 26,2. 14 ± 0. 18,1. 94 ± 0. 17,and 1. 62 ± 0. 12)were decreased (all P < 0. 05). Conclusions BQ-123 has as a good therapeutic effect for early brain injury after SAH. Its mechanism may be associated with the regulation of PI3-K/ Akt signaling pathway.

Objective To study the effects of 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) on motor function and learning and memory ability in rats with diffuse brain injury (DBI). Methods 128 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, traumatic group,low-dose NBP treatment group and high-dose NBP treatment group with 32 rats in each group. Every group was divided into 24 h, 48 h and 72 h subgroups. DBI rat model was established according to the description of Marmarou's diffused brain injury. The histopathologic changes of cerebral tissue (0.2 cm bilateralis coronal line) were observed by light and electron microscope at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after injury. Morris water maze and rolling test were performed daily at 24, 48 and 72 h (time points). Results Compared with the model group, the damage of brain tissue decreased, and the survival nerve cells increased (P<0.01). The behavioral tests showed that the latency to find the platform shortened (P<0.01) and the frequency of crossing the platform increased in the 72 h subgroup (P<0.01). The general movement ability enhanced in NBP groups (P<0.05). All the indexes were more significant in high-dose NBP treatment group. Conclusion NBP can improve neurological function and learning and memory function after brain injury and the molecular mechanisms is related to the decrease of the nerve cells lose and traumatic cerebral ultrastructure damage.

Objective To investigate the role of microRNA-155 (miR-155) on post-transcription regulation of SH2 domain-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase 1 (SHIP1) gene expression in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).Methods Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to detect the expression of miR-155 and SHIP1 mRNA in the AML patients and controls.miR-155 mimics was transfected into U937cells (U937m) by using X-treme GENE siRNA transfection reagent.Cells without transfection (U937c) and cells with negative transfection (U937mc) were used as controls.RT-PCR was performed to detect the expression of miR-155 and SHIP1 mRNA in these cells.The expression of SHIP1,TAKT and pAKT were detected by Western blot in U937 cells.Apoptosis was studied by flow cytometry (FCM).Results The average level of SHIP1 protein content in 15 samples of patients with AML-M4 or AML-M5 from 30 AML patients was significantly lower compared with that of patients with the other types of AML,and the levels of miR-155 were significantly higher in the same group of patients (P ＜ 0.05).Significantly decreased levels of SHIP1 protein were found in U937m cells compared that of U937c and U937mc (P ＜ 0.05).Significantly decreased rate of apoptosis was observed in U937m cells compared with that of U937mc and U937c.U937m cells also exhibited no alteration in total AKT content,while increased p-AKT levels were found (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion SHIP1 was also a primary target of miR-155 in AML.Overexpression of miR-155 could activate PI3K-AKT pathway to depressing SHIP1 and decrease the apoptosis rate of AML cells.

Objective To observe the effect of exposure of emphysema with intermittent hypoxia on oxidative stress injury of myocardial cells in rats. Methods Sixty male Wistar rats were divided randomly into four experimental groups(each n=15). The normal control group was bred normally. The emphysema group was exposed to cigarette smoke twice a day(once 30 minutes). The intermittent hypoxia(IH)group was exposed to intermittent hypoxia circumstance 8 hours/day,and the emphysema with IH group was exposed to cigarette smoke twice a day (once 30 minutes)and intermittent hypoxia circumstance 8 hours/day. Each group was exposed for 8 weeks. At the beginning of 9 weeks,the blood gas analysis was performed in 5 rats selected randomly from each group,and the rest rats were sacrificed and their hearts and lungs were taken. Under light microscope,the lung tissues stained with hematoxylin-eosin(HE)were examined. The lung pathology and the results of blood gas analysis showed that the emphysema with IH rat model was established successfully. The levels of malonaldehyde(MDA)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)in rat myocardium were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and the subunit p22phox mRNA expressions of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH)-oxidase were detected by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Results Compared with the normal group, the MDA levels and p22phox mRNA expressions were increased obviously in emphysema group, IH group and emphysema with IH group〔MDA(μmol/g):2.93±0.54, 3.58±0.63, 4.51±0.72 vs. 1.75±0.56, p22phox mRNA:0.043±0.004,0.067±0.015,0.123±0.016 vs. 0.018±0.002,all P<0.05〕,but the activities of SOD were decreased significantly(U/mg:36.07±4.79,33.51±7.12,24.29±5.36 vs. 46.08±5.12,all P<0.05). In emphysema with IH group,the increase of MDA levels and p22phox mRNA expressions and decrease of SOD levels were more remarkable compared with those in emphysema group and IH group(all P<0.05). The expression of p22phox mRNA was positively correlated with MDA level(r=0.734,P<0.001). Conclusion The myocardial tissue oxidative stress injury in rats induced by emphysema with intermittent hypoxia exposure is more serious than that induced by exposure of either emphysema or intermittent hypoxia alone,NADPH oxidase possibly being the important medium of myocardial cell response to oxidative stress.

BACKGROUND: Huperzine A is a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor extracted initially by China from huperzia serrata,a Chinese herb. Its mechanism in improving choline function and ameliorating cognitive state of patients with dementia is to increase acetylcholine (Ach) concentration in neural synapse through impeding the hydrolysis of acetylcholinesterase.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of huperzine A on the improvement of cognitive function of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD).DESIGN: A randomized controlled study based on patients.SETTING: Second internal department of neurology in a general hospital of military area command of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 69 AD patients hospitalized in the Second Department of Neurology,General Hospital of Jinan Military Area Command of Chinese PLA between March 2000 and December 2003 were allocated into huperzine A group( n = 38,male,aged between 68 and84 years old,average age of 76 years old) and control group( n = 31,male,aged between 68 and 80years old,average age of 74 years old) according to the wills of the patients.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Positive expression percentage of Fas,Apo2.7 and Bcl-2 on platelet membrane and the integral of mini-mental state examination(MMSE),Hasegawa' s dementia scale(HDS) and activities of daily living (ADL) of two groups after therapy.RESULTS: The positive expression of Fas,Apo2.7 or Bcl-2 on peripheral platelet membrane after therapy in huperzine A group were (2.23 ± 0.49)%,(2.37 ±0. 36)%,or(2.01 ±0. 32)% respectively,which was significantly lower than(3.12 ± 0. 74)%,(2. 83 ± 0.67)% or (2. 59 ± 0. 54)% of control group ( P ＜ 0.01). The prognostic integral of MMSE,HDS or ADL of huperzine A group was 20.45 ±4. 14,21.39 ±4.89,or 36. 15 ±5.11,which was significantly higher or lower than that of the control group(15.76 ± 3.23,17.32 ±2.09,4.26 ±7.21)(P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: HuperzineA actually can effectively improve the memory and cognitive function of AD,and effectively improve ADL as well.

AIM: To clone and express mouse canstatin (m canstatin)cDNA and provide a basis for the further research on its anti-angiogenic activity and potential application for cancer therapy. METHODS: Total RNA was extracted from mouse liver tissue by Trizol Reagent, and mouse canstatin cDNA was amplified by RT- PCR, then cloned into vector pMD18-T for sequencing. pET30a(+)-m canstatin recombinant plasmid was constructed and expressed in E.coli BL21 with induction of IPTG. RESULTS: Mouse canstatin cDNA is 684 bp coding 227 amino acids. The sequences of both cDNA and amino acid share high homology with human canstatin, with cDNA identity at 89% and amino acids identity at 96% to human canstatin. In the present study, pET30a(+)-m canstatin recombinant plasmid was expressed in E.coli BL21. CONCLUSION: Mouse canstatin cDNA has been cloned for the first time. Constructed pET30a(+)-m canstatin recombinant plasmid is highly expressed in E.coli BL21.

Objective:To explore the expression of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and Chitinase-40 (YKL-40) in acute cerebral infarction and the value of combined detection in prognosis evaluation.Methods:118 patients with acute cerebral infarction admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Northern University from January 2016 to June 2019 were selected as the research objects. According to the cerebral infarction volume, the patients were divided into small infarction group (<5 cm 3), middle infarction group (5-10 cm 3) and large infarction group (>10 cm 3). 108 healthy people were selected as the healthy control group. The serum levels of Cav-1 and YKL-40 were compared in the 3 groups, and the correlation between the degree of cerebral infarction and serum levels of Cav-1 and YKL-40 was analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to analyze the diagnostic value of the expression levels of Cav-1 and YKL-40 in patients with acute cerebral infarction; the patients were followed up for one year and the prognosis was evaluated by modified Rankin Scale (mRS); the correlation between serum Cav-1 and YKL-40 and prognosis was analyzed. Results:The expression levels of serum Cav-1 and YKL-40 in patients with acute cerebral infarction were significantly higher than those in healthy group ( P<0.001). The serum levels of Cav-1 and YKL-40 were positively correlated with the infarct volume of acute cerebral infarction ( r=0.854, P=0.004; r=0.867, P=0.002). ROC curve analysis showed that the sensitivity, Youden index and area under ROC curve of Cav-1 (21.78 μg/L) combined with YKL-40 (158.69 ng/ml) in the diagnosis of acute cerebral infarction were 85.59%, 0.532 and 0.896 (95% CI: 0.741-0.932), respectively, which were significantly higher than those of single index ( P<0.05). At 8 and 12 months of follow-up, the proportion of death and mRS score in the positive group were significantly higher than those in the negative group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The serum Cav-1 and YKL-40 levels are significantly higher in patients with acute cerebral infarction. The combined examination of Cav-1 and YKL-40 can improve the diagnostic efficiency and has potential application value for early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of patients.