Objective:To explore the relationship between the mRNA expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) , eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF‐4E) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E‐BP1) in bone marrow mononuclear cells of primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and clinical features of AML .Methods :The mRNA expression levels of 4E‐BP1 ,eIF‐4E and mTOR in bone marrow mononuclear cells were detected in 59 patients with primary AML and 15 normal human as a control group by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) . Results:The percentages of mTOR ,eIF‐4E and 4E‐BP1 mRNA high expression in 59 cases of AML were 50 .9% ,59 .4% and 45 .8% ,respectively .The platelet count in high 4E‐BP1 mRNA expression group was significantly lower than that in low group (P=0 .044) .The percentage of bone marrow blast cells in high eIF‐4E mRNA expression group was higher than that in low group ,but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P= 0 .068) .The percentage ,and extramedullary invasion of bone marrow blast cells in high mTOR expression group was significantly higher than that in low group (P=0 .040 , P=0 .029) .The percentage of anemia in high mTOR expression group was higher than that in low group ,but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0 .082) .Conclusions :Core protein mRNA in mTOR pathway downstream were closely relative to the proliferation of bone marrow blast cells ,PLT count ,anemia and extramedullary invasion in AML . They can help to choose effective and safe chemotherapy regimen ,as well as to prevent side effects of chemotherapy such as anemia and bleeding .