Non-operative treatment in 105 cases of acute traumatic intracranial hematomas confirmed by CT scan is reported. Results were satisfactory except in 6 cases in which operation was performed because of the worsening of their conditions. In this paper, the indication, method, and advantages of non-operative treatment are also discussed. We believe that the change of state of consciousness, size of hematoma, degree of shift of midline structures and cerebral contusion, and type of hematoma are decisive factors in making the choice of operative or non-operative treatment.

[Summary] The concept for the pathogenesis of diabetes is now changing from previousinsulinocentric model andinsulin/glucagon bihormonal model to a recentglucagonocentric model.Glucagon excess rather than insulin deficiency may play a more important role in mediating the glucose derangement during insulin insufficiency.Antagonizing glucagon signaling pathway may become a potential therapeutic modality in diabetes.

β cell failure is one of the important components in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.Protecting and reversing β cell function is a critical part in diabetes treatments.It has been recently discovered that rather than apoptosis,β cell dedifferentiation into an endocrine progenitor-like stage is the main mechanism of β cell failure,which is closely related with the loss of FoxO1 on β cells.Some of these dedifferentiated β cells even have the potency to convert into α-cells.These great discoveries expand our understanding for the β cell exhaustion during the progression of hyperglycemia.It is worthwhile to reconsider our current treatment strategy for type 2 diabetes,especially during the beginning period,to protect rather than stimulate β cells.It also paves the way to develop a brand-new class of hypoglycemic agent to re-differentiate the already dedifferentiated β cells back into insulinsecreting cells.

Vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) are two classical hormones modulating calcium and phosphorus homeostasis.The rapid development of modern endocrinology has greatly expanded our understanding of these two hormones.The extra-skeleton effects of vitamin D/PTH are well documented,novel findings regarding to the embryonic and adult parathyroid development,and the changing clinical patterns in certain parathyroid-related disorders have been discovered.

Type 1 diabetes includes two categories:autoimmune (type 1A) and idiopathic (type 1B)diabetes.Fulminant type 1 diabetes is a recently discovered subtype of type 1 diabetes with extremely rapid progression of hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis.The prevalence of fulminant type 1 diabetes among acute-onset type 1 diabetic patients is around 15%-20%.Class Ⅱ HLA genotype and virus infection may contribute to its development.The near-normal HbA_(1C) level despite a very high plasma glucose concentration in patients with ketoacidosis is the clue to diagnosis of fulminant type 1 diabetes.Treatment must be started immediately and aggressively when the diagnosis of fulminant type 1 diabetes is made or strongly suspected.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of Pijiling Liniment for seborrheic dermatosis on 327 cases. Methods:327 patients with seborrheic dermatosis were treated with Pijiling Liniment. The clinical effects were compared with that of the control group(Co.Resorcinol Ointment, 76 cases). Results:The total effective rate and curative rate of the treatment group for seborrheic dermatitis were 93.5% and 33.3%, respectively. The effective rate for acne was 80.6% and for dermatomycosis microsporina was 7.5%. The total effective rate and curative rate of the control group were 92.1% and 2.6 %, respectively. Conclusions:There is a significant difference in the curative rate between two groups( P 0.05) through x 2 test.

OBJECTIVE Optimizing the infection control process to prevent the infection in the Operating room.METHODS Based on the operating room materials,the problems were found out then with the help of the comprehensive analysis to get the best evidence,finally use the systemic method to optimize the infection control process in the operating room.RESULTS Optimal process was corresponding to the requirements of National Medical department,and has good maneuverability,so it was easy to carry out for the nurses.Comparing the control group and the observation group,we could found: the monitoring of the cleaning of occult blood on surgical instruments(P

microRNAs is a class of non-coding RNA, which is the transcriptional regulator of gene expression at the post transcriptional level.These endogenous non-coding RNA are expressed abnormally in tumor cells, in the tumor cell growth, reproduction, apoptosis and metastasis and other processes play an important regulatory role.Recently, microRNAs was widely regarded as biological diagnostic and prognostic markers of tumor in clinic, has been widely viewed.This article will introduce the important role of miRNA in tumor gene expression, as well as the use of miRNA as a tumor targeted therapy clinical application before the need to solve the problem .

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar status (HSS) are severe acute diabetic complications. This article mainly discusses the definition, mortality rate, pathophysiology, precipitating factors, main clinical manifestations, laboratory findings and principles of treatment in DKA and HHS.

Dilatative arteriopathy is also called Dolichoectasia, presenting as enlarged ,tortuous ,and dilated arteries; especially with involvement of intracranial arteries. The incidence of dolichoectasia is quite low, but it may induce recurrent strokes with poor prognosis and up to now there is no specific management. Our study reviews the potential etiology, epidemiology, symptoms, pathophysiology, prognosis and present status of treatment for dolichoectasia.