Objective To detect the clinical value of measuring glycosaminoglycan sulfate segments to the diagnosis of non small cell lung carcinoma(NSCLC).Methods Using the new regent manufactured by the USA POLY labs,LTA emulsion regent,we have measured the distinctive glycosaminoglycan sulfate of the 30 NSCLC serums and 30 normal serums and 26 pneumonia serums.Result The method of using LTA emulsion regent to measure content of the distinctive glycosamingoglycan sulfate had the peculiar quality of 90% and the sensitive quality of 83 33% in NSCLC.The CEA's sensitive quality was 56 67% in the same sample.The unite sensitive quality of LTA and CEA was 93 33%.The pneumonia had no significant effect on the LTA's peculiar quality.Conclusion LTA emulsion regent has higher peculiar and sensitive qualities to the diagnosis of NSCLC by measuring the content of glycosaminoglycan sulfate,combined with CEA,the sensitive quality can be improved and make the diagnosis more accurate.It is quite valuable to the clinical diagnosis.And the prospect is wide in applying to the clinical general investigations.

Objective To study the clinical significance of the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) and E-cadherin(E-cad) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods Immunohistochemical method (SP) was used to detect the expression of the MMP-9 and E-cad in 62 NSCLC tissues and 18 normal lung tissues.Results The positive expression rate of MMP-9 and the abnormal expression rate of E-cad in NSCLC were closely related to the TNM stages,pathological grades and lymph node involvement (P

To cultivate high-quality medical talents,we should strengthen students'medical ethics education.The article discusses the connotation of medical ethics,the necessity of medical ethics education and the application in clinical teaching.Combined with some clinical cases,from three aspects: the principle of respect;the principle of informed consent and the dealing with the relationship between doctors and patients,we discuss the application of the medical ethics in clinical teaching of internal medicine.

Objective To investigate the change of MMP-9,TIMP-1,ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in serum from patients with COPD,as well as the correlation between the expressions of these factors and lung function.Methods Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA)was used to determine the levels of MMP-9,TIMP-1,ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in serum from 58 patients with COPD and 30 samples from healthy donors in order to better understand the correlation between the expression of these factors and airflow obstruction.Results The serum levels of MMP-9,TIMP-1,ICAM-1 and VCAM-1[(128.89?115.84),(228.28?107.13),(203.98?70.37) and (352.98?117.73)?g/L]from patients with COPD were statistically and significantly higher than the control group[(30.65?18.43),(133.69?41.41),(148.35?23.77) and (233.57?36.65)?g/L],P

Objective To investigate the functions of blood plasma homocysteine (Hcy) and high sensitivity C-response protein (hs-CRP) in the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in pathogenesis plays,and observe whether there was associations with disease severity and the correlations.Methods Forty-one patients with COPD were collected from August 2010 to February 2011,and 35 healthy persons as control group.Blood plasma Hcy,hs-CRP,forced expiratory volume in one second account predicted (FEV1％ predicted),and arterial pressure of oxygen (PaO2,arterial blood gases analysis) were measured in COPD patients and controls.Results Plasma Hcy concentration was (22.07 ± 12.13) μmol/L in COPD patients,but (9.89 ±4.41) μmol/L in controls,there were significant differences between two subjects (t =1.674,P ＜0.01).COPD patients had a higher serum hs-CRP concentration (8.60±3.85) mg/L than control's (4.24 ±0.57) mg/L (t =1.682,P ＜ 0.01).Along the descent of FEV1％ predicted,plasma Hcy and hs-CRP were elevated gradually,both sides show a negative correlation (r =-0.45,-0.49,P ＜ 0.05).And plasma Hcy and hs-CRP present a positive correlation in COPD patients (r =0.68,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Plasma Hcy was significantly elevated in COPD patients,positive correlation related to COPD severity and positive correlation related to serum hs-CRP.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of multidrug resistance gene(MDR1),multidrug-resistance-associated protein (MRP),lung resistance protein (LRP),glutathione S-transferase-?(GST-?)mRNA in non-small cell lung cancer. Methods From Oct.1996 to Oct.2001,RT-PCR was used to investigate the mRNA expression of the above four genes.We followed up the survival time one by one and calculated the probability of survival. Results The total positive rate of the four multidrug resistance gene was 53.1%,65.3%,67.3%,83.3%.There was a significant difference between the coexpression and the single positive rate( P 0.05).With the increasing expression of the MDR the curves moved to left,the survival time and probability reduced. Conclusion The coexpression of the MRG results in the MDR and affects the prognosis directly.It can be used as a criterion to evaluate the prognosis.

Objective To observe interference effect of Ambroxol (AMB) hydrochloride injection on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in rats caused by cigarette smoking exposure.Methods Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) rat models were established by simple cigarette smoking exposure,interfered with AMB inhalation.Rats were divided into three groups.Cell counts were examined routinely in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF).The concentrations of Matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)、interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) in BALF were measured.Quantitative analysis of pulmonary mean linear intercept (MLI),mean alveolar numbers (MAN),pulmonary alveolar area (PAA) and the relative area of elastic fibers were measured.Results Concentrations of MMP-9,IL-8 and TNF-? in BALF of COPD rats were positively correlated with total counts of white blood cell (WBC),percentage of neutrophil and absolute counts of neutrophil in BALF.Pulmonary elastic fibers were severely damaged in COPD rats;MLI,PAA were higher than those in control group (P0.05).Conclusion Simple cigarette smoking can cause COPD in rats.MMP-9,IL-8 and TNF-? in airway and alveoli pulmonum probably participate in the destruction of elastic fibers and forming of COPD.AMB inhalation can inhibit release of IL-8 and TNF-? in airway and alveoli pulmonum of COPD rats,alleviate the inflammation of local airway caused by cigarette smoking,playing a role in preventing and curing experimental COPD of rats.

Objective To evaluate the effect of obstructive jaundice on recovery from sevoflurane anesthesia in pediatric patients. Methods A total of 80 pediatric patients scheduled for elective surgery were included, 42 pediatric patients with biliary atresia scheduled for Kasai operation served as obstructive jaundice group ( group OJ ) , and 38 pediatric patients scheduled for other operations served as control group ( group C) . Pediatric patients were 1-4 months old and full?term infants, and weighed 3.2-8.0 kg. Anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of 2%-4% sevoflurane during surgery, and pediatric patients inhaled 4% sevoflurane staring from peritoneum closure until the end of surgery. The duration from closing sevoflurane vaporizer to BIS value reaching 60, 70, 80 and 90 was recorded. The duration from stop of sevoflurane inhalation to BIS value returning to 60, 70, 80 and 90 was recorded. The duration from termination of sevoflurane inhalation to the time for tidal volume returning to 6 ml∕kg, to the time for muscle strength recovering to grade Ⅲ, to spontaneous eye opening and to tracheal extubation, and the corresponding BIS values were recorded. BIS value while entering the operating room, BIS value at the end of surgery, and the highest BIS value during recovery from anesthesia were recorded. The occurrence of delayed emergence from anesthesia was recorded. Results Compared with group C, the duration from termination of sevoflurane inhalation to spontaneous eye opening and to tracheal extubation were significantly prolonged, and BIS value at the end of surgery was decreased, and no significant change was found in the other parameters in group OJ. No pediatric patients developed delayed emergence from anesthesia in the two groups. Conclusion When only sevoflurane is used for inhalation anesthesia, although the time for recovery from anesthesia is prolonged, it shows no significant difference clinically in pediatric patients with obstructive jaundice.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of antibiotics in the clinic of our hospital. METHODS:Drug re-sistance of Gram-negative bacillus in the inpatients of our hospital were analyzed retrospectively during May 2013-Dec. 2015 as well as the situation of producing metallo-β-lactamase(MBLs). RESTUTS:A total of 2089 strains of Gram-negative bacillus were detected in our hospital during 2013-2015,among which there were 1456 strains of enterobacteria (69.70%) and 633 strains of non-fermentative bacteria,mainly involving Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Acinetobacter bau-mannii and Enterobacter cloacae. A total of 406 strains of carbapenems-resistant bacteria were detected (19.44%),including 367 strains of non-fermentative bacteria and 39 strains of enterobacteria. The resistant rates of carbapenems-resistant strains to 16 antibi-otics were all higher than 50%,but those of non-carbapenems-resistant strains were in relative low level. Except for aztreonam,re-sistant rates of carbapenems-resistant strains to other 15 antbiotics were all higher than those of non-carbapenems-resistant strains, with statistical significance(P<0.05). A total of 36 strains of producing MBLs were detected(8.87%),including 13 strains of pro-ducing MBLs drug-resistant P. aeruginosa and 23 strains of producing MBLs drug-resistant A. baumannii;producing MBLs drug re-sistant enterobacteria had not been found. CONCLUSIONS:Gram-negative bacillus are mainly enterobacteria in our hospital;car-bapenems-resistant strains are mainly non-fermentative bacteria,resistant rate of them are commonly higher than that of non-drug-re-sistant strain. The situation of producing MBLs is serious,and enzyme producing strains are mainly non-fermentative bacteria. It is necessary to strengthen drug resistance of pathogen and enzyme producing strain monitoring,avoid the generation and spreading of drug-resistant strains due to irrational use of antibiotics.

BACKGROUNDTo study the levels of expression, coexpression, and clinical significancer of four multidrug resistance factors in lung cancer.

METHODSThe P glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug-resistance-associated protein (MRP), lung resistance protein (LRP), glutathione S-transferase (GST-π) of 60 lung cancer patients were detected by using immunohistochemical method.

RESULTSThe positive rate of the drug resistance factor was 53.3% (32/60), 63.3% (38/60), 70.0% (42/60), and 80.0% (48/60) for P-gp, MRP, LRP, and GST-π respectively. Patients with NSCLC had significantly higher expression of the drug resistance factors than those with SCLC. On the other hand, no relationship was observed between the expression of drug resistance factors and TNM stage and cell differentiation. The coexpression rate was as follows: P-gp+MRP, 41.6% ; P-gp+LRP, 35.0%; MRP+LRP, 53.3%; MRP+GST-π, 50.0%; LRP+GST-π, 58.3%; P-gp+GST-π, 45.0%; P-gp+MRP+LRP+GST-π, 20.0%. Among them, a relationship was detected between P-gp and MRP ( rs =0.756, P < 0.01), between P-gp and LRP ( rs =0.686, P < 0.01), between MRP and LRP ( rs =0.669, P < 0.01), between MRP and GST-π( rs =0.546, P < 0.01), between LRP and GST-π ( rs =0.848, P < 0.01), between P-gp and LRP ( rs =0.689, P < 0.01), and between P-gp and GST-π ( rs = 0.535 , P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe MDR in lung cancer patients is affected by various multidrug resistance factors. The drug resistance factors' expression is related to histology, but not to TNM stage and cell differentiation.