Silica gel column chromatography was used for the isolation and purification of the chemical constituents of the pericarp of Illicium macranthum. From dichloromethane-EtOAc (1:1) fraction and EtOAc fraction of the methanol extracts, eleven compounds were identified on the basis of chemical and spectral data. Two new compounds were elucidated to be 6-deoxyneomajucin (1) and 2-oxo-6-deoxyneomajucin (2), along with nine known compounds 6-deoxypseudoanisatin (3), pseudoanisatin (4), anisatin (5), pseudomajucin (6), protocatecheuic acid (7), shikimic acid (8), shikimic acid methylester (9), beta-sitosterol (10) and daucosterol (11). Compounds 1 and 2 are new majucin-type sesquiterpene lactones.

Objective To report the experiences on the diagnosis and treatment of duplication of kidney ureter and bladder. Methods Nine cases of duplication of kidney ureter and bladder from 1996 to 2008 were reviewed.Six cases of duplicated kidney ureter occurred in the left side and 2 cases in the right side,1 case bilateral kidney ureteral duplication.Of 8 cases with unilateral duplicated,duplicated bladders were incompleteness.And the patient with bilateral duplicated,whose duplicated bladder was completeness,was diagnosed with duplication of urethra,uterine,bilateral ovary and oviduet tubes,and also suffered from duplicated uterine prolapse Ⅱ,vaginal anterior wall bulging and duplicated vesicocele.There were two cases whose duplicated kidney losed function because of severe hydronephrosis,and 7 cases existed kidney secretion function. Excision of duplicated kidney ureter and bladder were performed on 2 cases with non-functional duplicated kidney.6 cases had undergone duplicated bladder excision and duplicated ureteral bladder replantation.The special case had undergone duplicated urinary bladder urethra uterine and bilateral annexes excision,and duplicated ureteral bladder replantation. Results The operation was successful in all paients without leakage and ureter stump syndrome.Three months after operation,ureter bladder imaging showed no ureteral reflux in 7 cases of ureteral bladder replantation.IVU were reviewed 12 months after operation:2 cases undergoing duplicated kidney excision showed that the function of residual kidney were normal,7 cases of replantation that the shape and function of sick side kidney and duplicated kidney were good. The patient who suffered from duplicated uterine simultaneously got pregnancy 1.5 years after operation. Conclsions Image examinations may help to diagnose the duplication of kidney ureter and bladder. The main treatment is surgery. Understanding the function of duplicated kidney and the shape of kidney ureter and bladder should be considered before operation. The goal of surgery should be relieving pain,protecting the function of duplicated kidney and minimizing the risk of infection.

Objective To investigate whether genotypes of CYP3A5,MDR1 and cyclooxygenase-2 are associated with the sensitivity of vinorelbine-platinum to NSCLC.Methods The genotypes of CYP3A5(*3),MDR1 (2677G>T at exon 21 and 3435C>T at exon 26 and their haplotypes),cyclooxygenase-2 (-1 195G>A) were determined by RFLP-PCR and chemotherapy responses were analyzed in 69 non-small-celllung cancer (NSCLC) Chinese Han patients.They received a combination chemotherapy of vinorelbine-cispla-tin.Chi-square test was used to investigate the potential association of genotype with chemotherapy response.OR and 95% C1 were calculated.Results The 3435 CC genotype was associated with a significantly betterchemotherapy response compared with the combined 3435 CT and 1Tr genotypes(P=0.033).The 2677 GG genotype was also associated with a significantly better chemotherapy response compared with the combined 2677 GT and IT genotype(P=0.012).Moreover.patients with the 2677 G-3435 C haplotype seemed to have a better response to chemotherapy compared with those with the other haplotypes(P=0.063).CYP3A5*3 was not likely to correlate with sensitivity of vinorelbine-platinum to NSCLC.Cyclooxygenase-2-1195G>A was likely to have better response to vinorelbine but not statistically significant(P=0.067).Conclusion Polymor-Dhisms of MDR1 3435 C>T and MDR1 2677 G>A/T can be used for predicting treatment response to vinorel-bine-cisplatin chemotherapy in NSCLC patients.

Objective To discuss the clinical application of individualized strategy of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the treatment of bile duct stenosis after liver transplantation (LT).Methods Fifty-two patients,including 40 men and 12 women,aged 54.3 ± 9.1 years old,who suffered from bile duct stenosis and accepted 88 times of ERCP from June 2014 to May 2016 in our department were investigated.The procedures,clinical features and biochemical criteria were analyzed retrospectively.Results According to the treating occasions and clinical symptoms,single plastic stent,dilatation combined with single plastic stent,and dilatation combined with multiple plastic stents were chosen to use.ERCP in 8 patients out of 52 patients failed technically,and the therapeutic efficacy was 82.7％.The treatment duration was 8.2 ± 2.9 months.The recurrence rate was 4.7％ (2 cases) during the follow-up period.The most common complications were postERCP pancreatitis (2.3％) and cholangitis (3.4％),which would be cured by conservative treatment in most cases.Conclusion ERCP,as an effective and safe method,could be used as the first choice or bridge treatment for bile duct stricture after LT.We recommend individualization strategy,including step by step mode and different combinations of PTC or endoscopic procedures,in order to improve clinical efficacy of all kinds of stricture.

Objective To establish a sensitive and specific LC-MS/MS method for measurement of notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rd, tanshinone Ⅰ, astragaloside Ⅳ and harpagosidein of Fufang Xueshuantong Capsule in rat plasma. Methods The HPLC separation was performed on Thermo Hypersil GOLD column (2.1 mm× 100mm, 5 μm) at 30 ℃, injecting 10 μL and using acetonitrile-water (0.1% formic acid) as the mobile phrase (B was acetonitrile, A was 0.1%formic acid;0-10 min, 25%-55%B;10-20 min, 55%-70%B) with the flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. Detection was performed on a tandem quadrapole mass spectrometer using positive electrospray ionization, SRM scan mode. Results The eight compounds showed good linearity in wide ranges (notoginsenoside R1 1.00-800 ng/mL, ginsenoside Rg1 0.950-760 ng/mL, ginsenoside Re 1.44-1440 ng/mL, ginsenoside Rb1 1.33-1330 ng/mL, ginsenoside Rd 9.90-990 ng/mL, harpagosidein 1.01-1010 ng/mL, astragaloside Ⅳ 1.16-928 ng/mL, tanshinone Ⅰ 10.0-800 ng/mL). In addition, the accuracy and recovery were around 85%-115%and 50%-70%. The RSD of intra and inter day precision were lower than 15%. Conclusion The method is specific, rapid and sensitive. Therefore, it can be applied to pharmacokinetic study of eight effective compounds in Fufang Xueshuantong Capsule.

Objective To evaluate the clinical,microbiological and epidemiological characteristics of enterococcal bloodstream infections (BSIs).Methods Microbiological and clinical data were retrospectively collected and reviewed for the adult patients with enterococcal BSI who were treated in Sichuan Provincial People′s Hospital from January 1,2011 to November 30,2013. Results Of the 92 cases of enterococcal BSIs,21 were due to E.faecalis and 71 were caused by E.faecium,respectively.The BSI was hospital acquired in 67 cases.The other were community acquired BSI.E.faecalis BSIs were complicated with uremia (42.9%),heart disease (23.8%),pulmonary infection (19.0%)and central neurological disorder (19.0%),while E. faecium BSIs were complicated with hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases (40.8%),neoplastic disease(40.8%)and pulmonary infection (40.8%).Risk factors for E.faecium acquisition were mainly central venous catheter (73.2%),recent surgey within 30 days (62.0%),elderly patients (52.1%),ICU admission (32.4%)and invasive mechanical ventilation (26.8%).Strains of E.faecalis were 100% susceptible to ampicillin and vancomycin,90.4% to linezolid.Strains of E.faecium were 100%susceptible to linezolid,96.9% to vancomycin, and approximately 90% resistant to ampicillin and penicillin. Logistic with hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases had lower mortality rate than other patients.Conclusions E .faecium is responsible for majority of the enterococcal BSIs.E .faecium strains have higher resistance rate to most antimicrobial agents tested than E . fecalis .Elderly patients,ICU admission,invasive mechanical ventilation and neoplastic diseases are the independent risk factors of 15-day mortality.Adequate antimicrobial therapy within 48 hours can decrease the mortality rate effectively.

Objective:To identify the hub differentially expressed genes(DEGs)of glomerular pathological changes and potential pathways in molecular process of type 2 diabetic nephropathy(DN)based on bioinformatics technology.Methods:The differentially expressed genes of Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)dataset GSE96804 in DN and normal kidney tissues were analyzed by R 3.6.2 software. DEGs were further assessed by Gene Ontology(GO)function enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)signal pathway analysis. Subsequently, the hub genes and their associated pathways were analyzed using String 11.0 and Cytoscape 3.7.2 software.Results:A total of 168 DEGs were obtained in the dataset. Among them, seven hub genes were identified, including ALB, FN1, EGF, PTGS2, PLG, KDR, and LOX. Three hub genes, ALB, EGF, PLG, exerted a direct action on glomerulus. GO enrichment analysis of DEGs was mainly manifested in extracellular matrix organization, extracellular structure organization, platelet degranulation and other biological processes, extracellular matrix, secretory granule lumen, platelet alpha granule and other cell components, chaperone binding, copper ion binding, antioxidant activity, and other molecular functions. DEGs mainly regulated metabolic process, which was related to fatty acid degradation signal pathway, exogenous substance metabolism related to CYP enzyme and drug metabolism signal pathway.Conclusion:A bioinformatics analysis of DN from the perspective of glomerulopathy is helpful to understand the potential molecular mechanism of DN and provide reference for further validation.

This study was aimed to reveal the material basis on different diseases of the same syndrome damp-heat syndrome from the level of metabonomics.The typical damp-heat syndrome patients diagnosed as chronic viral hepatitis B,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,or chronic glomerulonephritis were included,with 30 cases in each disease.There were 30 healthy volunteers in the control group.The serum samples were detected by UPLC-QTOFMS and GC-TOFMS.And then,the results were analyzed by variance analysis in order to find out the generality and specificity of metabolic material in three different diseases with damp-heat syndrome.The results showed that through comparisons of different diseases with damp-heat syndrome,as well as the healthy group as control,it was revealed that inosine,uridine,aspartic acid,oleic acid glyceride and lactate were the same substances of three diseases of damp-heat syndrome.It was concluded that based on metabonomics,as for three different diseases with damp-heat syndrome,there were different substances among different diseases,but common substances related to damp-heat syndrome.Thus,it provided objective evidences for the theory of different diseases of the same syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) from the level of metabonomics.

Objective The relationship was analyzed between clinic and the expression intensity of HBsAg and HBcAg with in the hepatic tissue from the serum HBeAg negative group and the positive group.Methods A total of 317 liver biopsy specimens were divided into the HBeAg negative group and the positive group,and the relationship was analyzed between the expression inten sity of HBsAg and HBcAg within the hepatic tissue and their age,gender,ALT level,serum HBV-DNA load,hepatic inflammatory activity grading and fibrosis staging in the two groups.Results Age,ALT level,hepatic inflammatory activity grading and fibrosis of the serum HBeAg negative patients were greater than those of the serum HBeAg positive patients,while their serum HBV-DNA load and the expression intensity of HBcAg within the hepatic tissue were lower than those of the serum HBeAg positive patients (P＜0.05).The expression intensity of HBsAg within the hepatic tissue between the serum HBeAg patients and the serum HBeAg positive patients was not significantly different,and it was not correlated with age,ALT level,hepatic inflammatory grading and fi brosis staging (P＞0.05).After the serum HBeAg turned negative,the expression intensity of HBcAg within the hepatic tissue was decreased (P=0.00,t=12 349.0),and it became positively correlated with the serum HBV DNA load(P=0.007,r=0.251) and its negative correlation with the hepatic inflammatory activity and fibrosis was weakened.Conclusion After the serum HBeAg turned negative,other antigenic components of HBV may still maintain the adequately active immune status within the hepatic tis sue of organisms.After the serum HBeAg turned negative,the expression intensity of HBcAg within the hepatic tissue was de creased and became positively correlated with the serum HBV DNA,while its negative correlation with the hepatic inflammatory activity grade and fibrosis stagings was weakened.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical characteristics of pericarps from Illicium species for developing a taxonomic and identification method for Illicium species.

METHODTwenty two samples from 17 Illicium species were detected with HPLC-MS. The chromatographic data were analyzed by cluster analysis using SAS software.

RESULTAccording to the similarity of chemical constituents of 22 samples. Illicium can be divided into five chemical sections. At the same time, the distribution of pseudoanisatin, 6-deoxypseudoanisatin, pseudomajucin was evaluated in 22 samples.

CONCLUSIONThe chemical constituents of pericarp of Illicium species can be characterized well by LC-MS chromatograms. LC-MS chromatograms can be used to identify the Chinese star anise. The results provided a certain basis to classify the Illicium species.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Illicium ; chemistry ; classification ; Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; standards ; Quality Control