Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) is a common childhood and adolescence developmental disorder of neurological and psychiatric diseases.ADHD is regarded as a common comorbidity of epilepsy,but clinicians are usually unable to identify or assess correctly of this comorbidity.Therefore,early identification and treatment of this comorbidity become a huge challenge for pediatricians.This article reviews recent progress of ADHD with epilepsy.

Based on summing up the mainstream opinion of the reasons of the failure of medical health reform and analyzing typical cases,this article promulgates the following content.The medical health reform' s failure are due to the clinical decision-made in seeking interest and the health policy of exuding the commercialization.The forming mechanism is the two reasons work together.The essence is the medical health service is not suited to people's healthy demand which grows day by day and the level of economic development.This refracts the absentation of the government responsibility ethics,which does not present or work.The basic goal of the medical health service to maxi mize the public benefit,which is the dominant value orientation in the medical health service.Certainly it is also the right orientation of the government responsibility ethics in medical health reform.

Objective To investigate the effect of A53T α-synuclein on the expression of type 2 vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) in neuronblastoma SH-SY5Y cells stably expressing A53T α-synuclein.Methods A53T α-synuclein eukaryotic plasmid was constructed by transfection of the SH-SY5Y cells using LipofectamineTM 2000, and a stable transfected monoclonal cell line was selected by G418.Western blotting and DCFH-DA staining were used to detect the effect of A53T α-synuclein overexpression on the expression of VMAT2 protein and level of reactive oxygen species (ROS).Results Western blotting showed that compared with the control group, the expression of VMAT2 protein was significantly decreased, and DCFH-DA staining showed that DCF signal was significantly increased (507.3 ±7.1) than that in the cell line stably expressing A53T α-synuclein (410.7 ±10.5) (P <0.05).Conclusions A53T α-synuclein can increase the intracellular ROS level by inhibiting the expression of VMAT2, thereby playing an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson′s disease.

Objective To investigate the effect of fusidic acid cream on inflammatory reaction caused by skin barrier damage.Methods Eight male SKH-1 hairless mice were included in this study.The back of each of these mice were equally divided into six regions measuring 1 cm × 2 cm in size,which were then assigned into six groups:blank control group remaining untreated,barrier-impaired group,barrier-impaired and fusidic acid-treated group,barrier-impaired and vehicle-treated group,barrier-unimpaired and fusidic acid-treated group,barrierunimpaired and vehicle-treated group.Stratum corneum was removed by adhesive tape stripping to establish an animal model of acute skin barrier damage in the corresponding skin regions of these mice,and fusidic acid cream or vehicle was topically applied to the corresponding regions once.Twelve hours later,skin surface swab samples were collected from the back of these mice followed by bacterial culture and colony counting.Mice were then sacrificed,and skin tissue specimens were resected from these mice,and subjected to real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR for the measurement of the mRNA expressions of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88),interleukin-1α (IL-1α),IL-6,epidermal antibacterial peptides S100a8 and S100a9.Statistical analysis was carried out by repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least significant difference (LSD) test.Results The mRNA expressions of MyD88,IL-1α,IL-6,S100a8 and S100a9 were all significantly higher in the barrier-impaired group than in the blank control group (all P ＜ 0.05).Specifically,the mRNA expression level of MyD88 in the barrier-impaired group was 8 times that in the blank control group (8.3 ± 3.0 vs.0.8 ± 0.4).Compared with the barrier-impaired group,the barrier-impaired and fusidic acid-treated group showed a significant decrease in the mRNA expressions of IL-1α (2.8 ± 0.3 vs.20.1 ± 10.0,F =47.11,P ＜ 0.01),IL-6 (1.6 ± 2.3 vs.9.4 ± 4.0,F =16.18,P＜ 0.01),S100a8 (1.5 ± 1.4 vs.5.0 ± 1.6,F=59.71,P＜ 0.05) and S100a9 (1.2 ± 0.7 vs.3.4 ± 1.6,F=21.94,P ＜ 0.05).Conlusions Fusidic acid cream could attenuate the inflammatory reaction caused by acute skin barrier damage,which might partly explain its action mechanism in the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.

Objective To evaluate the inhibitory effect of butyl flufenamate (BT) on ultraviolet (UV)-induced acute skin phototoxic reaction,and to investigate its possible mechanisms.Methods Eight SKH-1 hairless mice were included in this study.The back of each SKH-1 hairless mouse was divided into six regions,which were then randomly classified into six groups:blank group receiving no treatment,UV group receiving UV radiation only,BT + UV group and vehicle + UV group topically treated with BT ointment and vehicle respectively followed by UV radiation,UV + BT group and UV + vehicle group topically treated with BT ointment and vehicle respectively after UV radiation.Skin samples were obtained from these mice at 24 hours after treatment.Subsequently,hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed,real-time PCR was carried out to detect mRNA expressions of caspase-3,p53,COX-2,PGER1,interleukin (IL)-1β,IL-6,and an immunofluorescence assay was conducted to observe the expression of caspase-3.Statistical analysis was carried out by repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results Compared with the UV group,both BT + UV group and UV + BT group showed a decrease in the degree of skin edema and number of apoptotic cells at 24 hours after UV radiation.Real-time PCR showed that the mRNA expressions of caspase-3,p53,COX-2,PGER1,IL-l β and IL-6 were significantly higher in the UV group than in the blank group (all P ＜ 0.05),but significantly lower in the BT + UV group than in the UV group (all P ＜ 0.05),and only the expressions of caspase-3 and p53 mRNAs were significantly decreased in the UV + BT group compared with the UV group (both P ＜ 0.05).The immunofluorescence assay revealed that the expression of caspase-3 increased in the UV group compared with the blank group,but decreased in both BT + UV group and UV + BT group compared with the UV group.Conclusion BT could partially inhibit UV-induced acute skin phototoxicity in SKH-1 hairless mice.

Adrenal hemangioma is a rare neoplasm.The clinical data of a case of adrenal cavernous hemangioma and review of related literatures are herewith presented.Adrenal cavernous hemangioma is often nonfunctioning and benign.CT and MRI show the features of hemangioma.The treatment depends on the size of the mass,and the diagnosis is based on pathology.

Objective To observe the suppressing effect of topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids on ultraviolet ray (UV)-induced erythema.Methods A solar simulator and an UV phototherapy device were used as light sources,respectively.Erythema reaction was induced on the back skin of 30 healthy volunteers by 1,2 and 3 minimal erythema doses (MED) of irradiation.Five preparations including butyl flufenamate 2.5％ ointment,butyl flufenamate 5％ ointment,the base of butyl flufenamate ointment,halometasone ointment,and diclofenac 1％ ointment,were applied to the irradiation sites respectively half an hour before or immediately after the irradiation.One irradiation site remained untreated and served as the control.The degree of erythema was evaluated by a chromameter at 4,24,and 48 hours after the irradiation.Intragroup and intergroup comparisons were done by t test and analysis of variance,respectively.Results When applied half an hour before solar-simulated irradiation,both 2.5％ and 5％ butyl flufenamate ointment totally suppressed the erythema reaction induced by 1-3 MED of UV irradiation,with no significant increase in erythema index at all the three time points after irradiation (all P ＞ 0.05); diclofenac 1％ only inhibited the erythema induced by 1 MED of UV irradiation at 4 and 48 hours,with no difference observed in erythema index between the baseline and these time points after irradiation; however,halometasone significantly aggravated the erythema reaction (P ＜ 0.05).Neither NSAIDs nor corticosteroids applied immediately after solar-simulated irradiation showed statistical effect on the degree of UV-induced erythema.When applied immediately after irradiation using the phototherapy device,butyl flufenamate 2.5％ ointment,butyl flufenamate 5％ ointment and halometasone ointment all induced a significant reduction in erythema reaction at 4 hours after 1 MED of irradiation (all P ＜ 0.05),and diclofenac caused a statistical decrease in erythema reaction at all the time points after 1-3 MED of irradiation (all P ＜0.05).Conclusions Topical use of butyl flufenamate before UV irradiation can effectively inhibit erythema reaction induced by 1-3 MED of irradiation.When applied immediately after irradiation,diclofenac shows the strongest erythema-suppressive effect,followed sequentially by butyl flufenamate and halometasone.

Objective To investigate the efficacy ,safety and compliance of mesalazine sustained‐release (SR) granules taking once daily or multi‐times daily in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate active ulcerative colitis .Methods Sixty patients with mild to moderate active ulcerative colitis were divided into group A ,B and C with 20 patients in each group .Group A received mesalazine SR granules 4 g once daily ,Group B with 2 g each time and twice daily ,Group C with 1 g each time and four times daily . The total course was eight weeks . The vital signs ,Mayo score ,compliance and adverse effects of patients were monitored at 0 ,4th ,8th weeks .At 0 and 8th weeks ,colonoscopy were performed . The parameters of efficacy assessment were clinical complete remission rate , clinical remission rate , efficacy rate ,mucosal healing rate ,remission time and safety .The F test ,t test or Chi‐square test was performed for comparison among groups .Results The clinical complete remission rate of group A ,B and C was 20% (4/20) ,10% (2/20) and 10% (2/20) ,respectively .The clinical complete remission rate was 70% (14/20) ,65% (13/20) and 70% (14/20) ,respectively .The efficacy rate was 95% (19/20) ,85%(17/20) and 90% (18/20) ,respectively .The mucosal healing rate was 70% (14/20) ,60% (12/20) and 50% (10/20) ,respectively .The side effects rate was 20% (4/20) ,15% (3/20) and 20% (4/20) .There was no significant difference between groups (all P > 0 .05) .The remission time of group A and B was (15 .4 ± 3 .7) days and (15 .6 ± 2 .9) days ,which were both shorter than that of group C (18 .4 ± 3 .6) days ,and the differences were statistically significant (t= 2 .661 and 2 .710 ,both P< 0 .05) .There was no significant difference among three groups in gender ,disease course , severity , location and clinical remission rate of sub‐groups .Conclusions The efficacy and safety of mesalazine SR granules taking once daily or multi‐times daily are similar in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate active ulcerative colitis .Once daily have better compliance than other regimens .

Objective: To investigate the effect of losartan on angiotensin II (Ang II) expression and myocardial remodeling in myocardial infarction (MI) rats’ model.
Methods: A total of 32 SD male rats were divided into 4 groups, Sham operation group, MI group, MI with losartan 10mg/(kg·d) group and MI with losartan 20mg/(kg·d). n=8 in each group. MI model was established and the electrocardiogram changes before and after MI were recorded, hemodynamic indexes were detected at 4 weeks after MI, pathological changes of myocardial tissue were examined by HE staining. The myocardial mRNA and protein expressions of ACE2 and Ang II were detected by RT-PCR and Western Blot analysis.
Results: Compared with Sham operation group, MI group showed increased LVMI and decreased LVEF P<0.05;the above changes were getting better in both MI with losartan groups in a dose-dependent manner. The pathological examination presented that MI group had myocardial cell swelling, fracture, hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration, those damages were less in MI with losartan groups in a dose-dependent manner, Sham operation group had no pathological changes. Compared with Sham operation group, the mRNA and protein expressions of Ang II were obviously higher in MI group, P<0.05 and the expressions were decreased in MI with losartan groups in a dose-dependent manner;the mRNA and protein expressions of ACE2 were slightly increased in MI group and the expressions were further increased in MI with losartan groups in a dose-dependent manner.
Conclusion: Losartan could increase ACE2 expression and therefore, inhibit Ang II expression and improve the ventricular remodeling in MI rats’ model.

Objective To study the expressions of apoptotic protease activating factor-1(Apaf-1)and astrocyte elevated gene-1(AEG-1)in colonic carcinoma,and to explore their correlations with the clinical path-ological features. Methods The expressions of Apaf-1 and AEG-1 were detected in 63 colonic carcinoma sam-ples and 30 normal colonic mucosa adjacent to tumor nest by immunohistochemical method,and their correla-tions with clinical features of colonic carcinoma were analyzed. Results The positive expressions of Apaf-1 and AEG-1 in colonic carcinoma were 23. 81%(15 / 63)and 68. 25%(43 / 63),respectively. The positive expre-ssions of Apaf-1 and AEG-1 in normal colonic mucosa were 76. 67%(23 / 30)and 26. 67%(8 / 30),respec-tively. The positive expression rate of AEG-1 was significantly higher in colonic carcinoma than that in normal tissue(χ2 = 14. 192,P = 0. 000). However,the expression of Apaf-1 was signi-ficantly lower in colonic carci-noma than that in normal tissue(χ2 = 23. 497,P = 0. 000). The expression of Apaf-1 was negatively correlated to the expression of AEG-1(r = - 0. 339,P = 0. 007). The expressions of AEG-1 and Apaf-1 were associated with differentiation degree(χ2 = 4. 643,P = 0. 031;χ2 = 12. 034,P = 0. 001)and clinical stage(χ2 = 6. 628, P = 0. 010;χ2 = 8. 246,P = 0. 004),but they were not correlated with age(χ2 = 1. 462,P = 0. 227;χ2 =2. 401,P = 0. 121)and tumor size(χ2 = 0. 333,P = 0. 564;χ2 = 0. 590,P = 0. 442). Conclusion The expression of AEG-1 is up-regulated in colonic carcinoma,but the expression of Apaf-1 is down-regulated,with a significant negative correlation. Apaf-1 and AEG-1 may be closely related to the occurrence and development of colon carcinoma. Therefore,combination detection of Apaf-1 and AEG-1 may be more valuable for the prog-nosis evaluation of colonic carcinoma.