Objective To study the clinical effects of aspirin and clopidogrel combined with atorvastatin calcium in patients with acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Methods 27 cases of patients with acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease from March 2015 to March 2016 in Hainan general hospital were selected,and randomly divided into control group and observation group,13 patients in the control group,treated with aspirin and clopidogrel,14 cases in the observation group,treat with atorvastatin calcium based on the control group,both two groups were treatment for three months.The total effective rate were compared between the two groups after treatment,NIHSS score and serum lipid level were compared before and after treatment. Results After treatment,the total effective rate of observation group was 92.9%,significantly higher than the control group 53.8%(P<0.05).Compared with before treatmeng,the NIHSS score of two groups were decreased,the levels of TC,TG and LDL-C in two groups were decreased,HDL-C was increased (P<0.05);Compared with control group,the NIHSS score of observation group was lower,TC,TG and LDL-C were lower,HDL-C was higher (P<0.05). Conclusion Aspirin and clopidogrel combined with atorvastatin calcium in treatment with acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease has significant effect,can reduce the patient's NIHSS score,improve blood lipid levels.

Objective To evaluate magnetic resonance angiography(MRA) and diffusion weighted imaging(DWI) features of transient ischemic attacks(TIA).Methods 40 patients with TIA were chosen as study subjects,and 34 healthy adults and 36 cases with brain infarction were randomly chosen as control subjects.MRA and DWI was performed with a superconductive GE 1.5T system.The relationship between TIA and the degree and distribution of stenosis of cranial and cervical arteries,the development of the vessels,DWI findings of the brain was analyzed.Results There were significant differences among the three groups in the number and the degree of stenosis of cranial and cervical arteries(P=0.006).The stenosis and occlusion of arteries were severe in the patients with TIA and brain infarctions than that in healthy adults(P=0.004,0.015),but there were no significant differences between TIA and brain infarctions(P=0.148).The incidence of dysplasia of unilateral vertebral arteries(VA) in TIA was higher than that in the normal subjects(P=0.039).The internal carotid artery(ICA)system supplying to the regions of brain tended to show more ischemic focus on DWI(4/8,50%) in the cases with TIA.Conclusion Severe stenosis or occlusion and irregular filling defects of cervical and cranial arteries in patients with TIA might be one of the risk factors for severe ischemia stroke.The hypoplastic VA was one of predisposing factor for TIA.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for further comprehensive evaluation of the improvement of the accessibility of family medicines after the implementation of the new health care reform. METHODS:Sampled as 180 households from 2 urban ar-eas,2 counties and 2 rural areas in Chengdu,a questionnaire survey was adopted based on the WHO’s manual for the Household Survey to Measure Access and Use of Medicines to investigate the situation of drug use,storage and accessibility,and the results were statistically analyzed. RESULTS:Totally 180 questionnaires were sent out,179 were effectively received with effective recov-ery of 99.44%. In the terms of medicines taken for the acute illness,there were more than 60% rural households obtained drugs from the public health care facilities,while more than 60% counties households purchased drugs in public medical and health insti-tutions;in the terms of medicines taken for the chronic illness,the proportion of households reporting a chronic illness who did not take any medicines was low(3.80%);in terms of medicines storage,the proportion of households without reserve drugs was low (13.41%). In terms of drug accessibility,the proportions of respondents who agreed that the location and opening hours of their public healthcare facility were convenient were high;there was no situation for“patients did not take prescribed drugs because med-icines were not available at the healthcare facility and drug store”,while more than 95% respondents who agreed that drugs were available at their public health care facilities and drug stores;the essential medicines in the household use of chronic drugs in Chengdu accounted more than 60%;more than 85% can afford the drug costs,while the proportion of the monthly costs for acute illness and chronic illness in the total month costs was low;the health insurance coverage reached 90% in the survey households, but the proportions of households which could reimburse acute,chronic illness drug cost were lower(14.13% and 12.66%). CON-CLUSIONS:At present,the level of drug accessibility in Chengdu is high;the implementation of National Essential Medicines System has a positive effect on reducing the economic burden of chronic disease family. But there are shortcomings in the Medicare reimbursement levels and antibiotics use,it is suggested to take effective measures to solve it,such as exploring the stable and ef-fective medical insurance fund raising channels,improving the compensation level and the level of insurance reimbursement,formu-late and implement the corresponding antibacterial drugs supervision system and regulate the rational use of antibiotics in residents.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of treatment?resistant depression ( TRD) and of its relevance with thyroid hormones. Methods 43 patients with TRD and 48 patients with non?TRD were as?sessed with 17?item Hamilton depression scale ( HAMD?17) and Hamilton anxiety scale ( HAMA) . The serum lev?el of thyroid?stimulating hormone ( TSH) ,total triodothgronine ( TT3) ,total thyroxine ( TT4) ,free triodothgronine ( FT3) and free thyroxine ( FT4) were determined by radioimmunoassay. χ2 test and t test were used for statistic a?nalysis. The quantitative relation of FT3 level with TRD was analyzed and the value of FT3 level in TRD diagnosis was evaluated by ROC curve.Results Compared with non?TRD patients,the TRD patients showed a younger dis?ease onset age ((16.98±2.25)years vs (23.50±3.38)years) and a longer disease course ((10.14±6.47)years vs (5.48±4.15)years) for total disease course;(60.35±23.64)months vs (5.00±3.40)months for current disease course),and had shorter education years ((8.53±1.72)years vs (11.04±2.07)years) and higher HAMD total scores (19.09±1.59 vs 15.69±2.38) and behavior retarding factor scores (8.72±0.98 vs 4.98±1.63). In addition, the FT3 level of TRD patients was lower than that of non?TRD patients ((3.92±0.15)pmol/L vs (4.16±0.20) pmol/L).All the above differences between two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). The logistic regres?sion analysis showed that the risk of suffering TRD increased by 1. 006?fold when FT3 level reduced 0. 1 pmol/L (OR=2.006,95%CI=(1.501,2.681). The area under ROC curve was 0.821 (P<0.001) with its 95% confidence interval of (0.734,0.907). Conclusion Compared with non?TRD patients,TRD patients have a longer disease course,a younger disease onset age, a lower education level, higher HAMD total scores, more severe retardation symptoms,and a lower FT3 level. The serum FT3 level has a high reference value in diagnosis of TRD.

AIM:To investigate the effect and mechanism of liver ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury on the changes of cardiac energy metabolism and structure.METHODS:48 healthy Wistar male rats were randomly divided into 6 groups as follows(n=8 in each group):control group(CTL),simply ischemia for 30 min without reperfusion(I group);reperfusion following ischemia for 30 min(I/R group);2 h reperfusion following ischemia for 30 min(I/R 2 h group);4 h reperfusion following ischemia for 30 min(I/R 4 h group)and 6 h reperfusion following ischemia for 30 min(I/R 6 h group).The level of serum endotoxin was measured.The levels of insulin and insulin antibody in heart were detected by radioimmunoassay.The contents of MDA,MPO and lactic acid in heart were also determined.RESULTS:During the process of liver I/R injury,the level of endotoxin increased in I group and I/R group and declined gradually for long time during reperfusion,but was still longer than that in CTL group(P0.05).CONCLUSION:During the process of liver I/R injury,endotoxin is absorbed from intestine and impairment of liver detoxication leads to endotoxemia,which might play a role in the changes of the energy metabolism and structure in heart.

Objective To explore the features of sustained attention in the patients with social anxiety disorder and their first degree relatives.Methods 60 cases of normal controls,58 cases of patients with social anxiety disorder and 68 cases of their first degree relatives were performed with continuous performance test.Results In reaction time task(a simple performance),all of CPT parameters in patient group (number of cancel (5.2±6.9),number of omission(6.7± 13.6),reaction time(421.0± 112.0) ms,variance coefficient(47.3±38.1) ％)were higher than those in the first degree relatives group(number of cancel (2.9± 3.3),number of omission (1.5±2.1),reaction time (342.0±47.0) ms,variance coefficient(28.9± 10.1) ％) and controlled group (number of cancel (2.8 ± 2.9),number of omission (1.3 ± 0.7),reaction time (329.0 ± 53.0) ms,variance coefficient (27.8± 9.7) ％),the differences were significant(P＜0.01),while all of CPT parameters in the first degree relatives were similar to those in controlled group(P＞0.05).In X task (a complex performance),the results of CPT in the first degree relatives were between the patients and the normal controls,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The anxiety disorder patients showed no sustained attention impairment in simple performance while in a complex performance there were some defects of sustained attention functions in the patients with social anxiety disorder and their first degree relatives.

To study the effect of exogenous oxygen, we added water solution of paraquat to 7 d cultures of Coriolus versicolor for the next 148 h. Enzyme exudation and biochemical process were investigated on the addition of paraquat. We found that compared with the control (without paraquat), the addition of 30 micromol/L paraquat stimulated the activity of manganese dependent peroxidase (MnP), lignin peroxidase (LiP), and laccases (Lac) 7, 2.5 and 1.3 times, respectively. Also, addition of paraquat enhanced activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the first 48 h. Impact of paraquat on ligninolytic enzymes was significant than that on antioxidant enzyme. Addition of paraquat enhanced phenolic compounds and formaldehyde of cultures too. And concentration of malondialdehyde was increased in the first 24 h. The results showed that addition of paraquat promoted oxidative stress, but the antioxidant systems of the fungal strain are sufficient to prevent mycelia from oxidative stress. As exogenous oxygen, paraquat might be a useful substrate in degradation of lignocellulose.
Fungi ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Lignin ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Paraquat ; pharmacology ; Peroxidases ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study correlations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DIOXIN, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) with thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) in children, and assess the impact on children's health.

METHODSThree hundred and sixty nine children aged from 6 to 8, including 195 from Luqiao, the computer E-waste recycling area, and 174 from Longyou, the control area, were selected for this investigation to elucidate the correlation of PCBs, DIOXIN, and PBDE with TSH in children's blood samples. The children had a physical examination and their blood levels of PCBs, DIOXIN, PBDE, and TSH were detected after sample collection.

RESULTSIn the E-waste recycling area, the contents of PCBs, PBDE, DIOXIN, and TSH in the blood samples of children were 484.00 ± 84.86 ng·g(-1) lipid weight, 664.28 ± 262.38 ng·g(-1) lipid weight, 26.00 ± 19.58 ng·g(-1) lipid weight and 1.88 ± 0.42 μIU/mL (serum) respectively, while in the control area, the PCBs, PBDE, DIOXIN, and TSH contents were 255.38 ± 95 ng·g(-1) lipid weight, 375.81 ± 262.43 ng·g(-1) lipid weight, 39.64 ± 31.86 ng·g(-1) lipid weight, and 3.31±1.04 μIU/mL respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe health status of children in the control area are better than that in the contaminated area. Among children who are exposed to persistent organic pollutants, the pollutant content increases significantly in their serum, and the distribution of TSH levels in their bodies are also affected.

Child ; China ; Dioxins ; blood ; chemistry ; Electronic Waste ; Environmental Pollutants ; blood ; chemistry ; Female ; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers ; blood ; chemistry ; Humans ; Male ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls ; blood ; chemistry ; Recycling ; Refuse Disposal ; methods ; Thyrotropin ; blood

Background: Arctic-like (AL) lineages of rabies viruses (RABVs) remains endemic in some Arctic and Asia countries. However, their evolutionary dynamics are largely unappreciated. Objectives: We attempted to estimate the evolutionary history, geographic origin and spread of the Arctic-related RABVs. Methods: Full length or partial sequences of the N and G genes were used to infer the evolutionary aspects of AL RABVs by Bayesian evolutionary analysis. Results: The most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of the current Arctic and AL RABVs emerged in the 1830s and evolved independently after diversification. Population demographic analysis indicated that the viruses experienced gradual growth followed by a sudden decrease in its population size from the mid-1980s to approximately 2000.Genetic flow patterns among the regions reveal a high geographic correlation in AL RABVs transmission. Discrete phylogeography suggests that the geographic origin of the AL RABVs was in east Russia in approximately the 1830s. The ancestral AL RABV then diversified and immigrated to the countries in Northeast Asia, while the viruses in South Asia were dispersed to the neighboring regions from India. The N and G genes of RABVs in both clades sustained high levels of purifying selection, and the positive selection sites were mainly found on the C-terminus of the G gene. Conclusions The current AL RABVs circulating in South and North Asia evolved and dispersed independently.

Spinal cord injury has a high rate of disability in clinical practice, which can be divided into complete SCI and incomplete SCI according to different injury segments and severity.The main purpose of treatment is to protect the nerves.At present, acute spinal cord injury is mainly treated with surgical decompression, neurotrophic treatment, hormone therapy, hypothermia therapy, rehabilitation intervention and other clinical comprehensive treatment.In recent years, breakthroughs have been made in the field of endogenous and exogenous neural stem cell research, and important progress has been made in the basic research of stem cell transplantation.In the long run, nerve regeneration and nerve modulation may be the most promising therapy for the repair of spinal cord injury.