The biosensors based on biocatalytic and immunosensors have gained increasing applications in environmental biomonitoring. Along with the advances in molecular biology and biotechnology, the DNA biosensors, based on DNA interaction and using nucleic acid as recognition element, was developed. They can be used for the hybridization detection of nucleic acid sequences from infectious microorganisms, for monitoring of priority pollutants and for the interacting study of pollutants and DNA. They possess a great potential for environmental monitoring. The principle of nucleic acid hybridization biosensors and their applications for the detection of environmental microorganisms and the priority pollutants was briefly described.

Nineteen patients with comminuted fractures in middle and distal humerus were treated by dual-plate internal fixation in the prone position in the Department of Orthopaedics,Xiangya Third Hospital of Central South University from January 2005 to June 2007.There were 12 males and 7 females.The average age of the patients was 35.63 years(range 19-65 years),among which 10 cases were left and nine cases were right.All the cases were closed comminuted fractures and 13 cases of them were simple fracture while the other six cases with radical nerve injury.Humerus metal bone plate,with pattern number YJQⅠ(recondition),was used in this study.All patients got the bone union in the average follow-up time of 10 months without complications such as delayed union,nonunion and wound infection.The average healing time was three months.Aitken and Rorabeek score:excellent in 14 cases,good in 3,common in 2,and poor in 0.Totally 89.47% of the patients achieved excellent and good effect.

Objective To investigate the method and efficacy of treatment of displaced proximal humeral fracture. Methods The clinical data of 43 patients with displaced proximal humeral fracture underwent diagnosis and treatment in the latest 5 years were analysed retrospectively. Among them, twelve cases received conservative treatment and 31 cases were treated by operation. Results All patients had clinical union of humeral fracture during the follow up period of 6 months to 3 years. The necrosis of humeral head happened in 3 cases. The excellent and good rates of shoulder joint function were 80 6% in operation group and 75% in conservative group according to Gongyi Huang's assessment standard. Conclusion The treatment method should be chosen according to types of the humeral fracture and general condition of the patients. The main purpose of the treatment is to regain shoulder joint function.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of psychological intervention combined with milrinone on the treatment of the children with congenital heart disease complicated with severe pneumonia and heart failure. Methods In the First People's Hospital in Jining City from February 2015 to December 2016, 100 children with congenital heart disease complicated with severe pneumonia and heart failure as the research object, randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group, 50 cases in each group. The control group were received routine treatment, including ECG monitoring, anti infection and oxygen therapy,and the treatment of rice farmers. The experimental group was treated with milrinone treatment, psychological intervention, pay attention to the mental health of patients. The therapeutic effects of the experimental group and the control group were compared and analyzed. Results after the corresponding treatment, the patients in the experimental group and the control group were mild and no serious adverse reactions occurred. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups, and there was no statistical significance. The experimental group of patients with respiratory stabilization time is (1.76±0.32) days, to eliminate irritability (7.12±1.12) hours, heart rate recovery time (1.82±0.74) days, pulmonary rales disappeared time was (8.12±1.41) days. The clinical symptoms of the patients in the control group were significantly longer than those in the experimental group, with statistical difference (P<0.05). Conclusion The effective rate about psychological intervention combined with milrinone on the treatment of the children with congenital heart disease complicated with severe pneumonia and heart failure is high, which is worthy of clinical application.

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH).Methods A total of 738 male subjects were assigned to the non-BPH + non-metabolic syndrome (MS)group (group A),BPH + non-MS group (group B),MS + non-BPH group (group C),and BPH + MS group ( group D).Body mass index(BMI),systolic blood pressure ( SBP),diastolic blood pressure ( DBP),fasting blood glucose ( FBG ),total cholesterol ( TC ),triglyceride ( TG ),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ),glycosylated alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ),serum creatinine,hemoglobin (HbAlc),and serum uric acid (UA) were measured.Results In comparison with group A,age,BMI,SBP,DBP,TG,TC,LDL-C and HbAlc of group B were significantly increased,although HDL-C was significantly reduced.Age,BMI,SBP,DBP,TG,TC,LDL-C,UA and HbAlc of group D were significantly higher than those of group C,while HDL-C was relatively lower.In multivariate logistic regression analysis,＞ 60 years [odds ratio (OR) =4.432,95％ confidence interval (CI) 1.331 to 14.759],overweight/obese ( OR =228.165,95％ CI 21.932 to 2373.724 ),hypertension ( OR =33.350,95％ CI 10.221 to 108.824),higher FBG ( OR =131.669,95％ CI 21.033 to 824.279 ),and higher TG ( OR =53.500,95％ CI 11.547 to 247.889 ) were independent risk factors of BPH with MS.Conclusion Our data suggest a close relationship between BPH and MS.Elderly,overweight/obesity,and higher blood pressure,TC or FBG might be the risk factors of BPH and MS.

Objective To investigate the prevalences of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and metabolic syndrome (MS) and to analyze the risk factors for benign prostatic hyperplasia and metabolic syndrome in the elderly.Methods A total of 490 elderly men undergoing health examination in our hospital from January 2010 to December 2010 were divided into BPH and MS group (n=246),MS group (n=55),BPH group (n=44),non-BPHandnon-MSgroup (control,n =145).Body height,body weight,body mass index (BMI),systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were detected.Fasting blood glucose (FBG),serum total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),alanine a minotransferase (ALT),creatinine (CRE),glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c),serum uric acid (UA) and other indicators were measured.Results The prevalences of BPH and MS were increased with age (x 2=810.71,732.18,both P＜0.05).Age,BMI,blood pressure,the levels of FBG,TG,TC,LDL-C,UA and HbA1c were significantly higher in BPH and MS group than in control group (all P＜0.05),while HDL-C concentration was significantly lower in group BPH and MS than in control group (P＜0.05).Age was significantly higher in group BPH and MS than in MS group (P＜0.05).Age,BMI,blood pressure,levels of FBG and TG were significantly higher in group BPH and MS than in BPH group (all P＜0.05),while HDL-C concentration was significantly lower in group BPH and MS than in group C (P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age＞70 years,obesity,hypertension,high FBG,high TG,lower HDL-C were independent risk factors for BPH and MS (OR:2.947,4.470,4.790,11.589,27.850,0.391,respectively,all P＜ 0.05).Conclusions The prevalences of BPH and MS are gradually increased with ageing in elderly men.Age ＞ 70 years,obesity,hypertension,high fasting glucose,hypertriglyceridemia and lower HDL-C are the risk factors for BPH and MS.

Objective To detect the properties of new natural porcine ture bones ceramic(TBC) which were processed under different conditions. Methods Fresh porcine ribs were pretreated and divided into three groups: untreated group, deproteinization group and deproteinization and defat group. Then they were calcined under different temperature and duration to get TBC. The morphological features, constitutive components and mechanical properties were examined by scanning electron microscopy, X-rays diffraction analysis, energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX), mechanical assay and so on. Results All TBC possessed the natural porous network system of original bones. EDX showed that the all elements of TBC were Ca and P, the ratio of which was 1.72, and the major mineral composition of TBC was hydroxyapatite(HA). The TBC calcined at the higher than 900℃ temperature for 2 hours had comparative good mechanical strength, otherwise the mechanical strength was too low to act as scaffold materials. Conclusion Morphological features, constitutive components and mechanical properties of differently pretreated TBC were same. The TBC calcined at the temperature of higher than 900℃ for 2 hours had comparative good mechanical strength, and contained only HA with high crystallization. Befroe the TBC becoming an ideal scaffold material, more investigations will be necessary to detect its biocompatibility and biodegradability.

The wheelchair is one of the main assistive appliance for patients with spinal cord injury. With the improvement of material and technique, it is more complicated to select the wheelchair and wheelchair seat equipment. The researches in recent years involved application of wheelchair for patients with spinal cord injury, including the cushions and other structures, which were reviewed in this article.

Objective To explore the clinical effects of tension-free vaginal tape obturator system inside-out (TVT-O) for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence.Methods A retrospective analysis of 102 patients with stress urinary incontinence who were performed TVT-O surgery in our hospital from October 2011 to June 2012.The postoperative follow-up time was 1 to 8 months.Results 102 patients with stress urinary incontinence were effectively controlled after surgery,the subjective satisfactory rate was 96.1％ (98 cases),the objective of efficiency was 93.1％(95 cases).After a mean follow-up of 1-8 months,no symptoms were in recurrence.The average surgery time was (35.0± 2.1) min and the average blood loss was (25.0± 6.4) ml.International consultation on incontinence questionnaire short form (ICIQ-SF) score was 16.2 ± 3.4 beforc operation and reduced to 8.7±2.6 after 4 weeks (P＜0.05).Incontinence quality of life questionnaire score (I-QOL) preopcratively was 40.2±19.5,and 88.7±12.3 after 4 weeks (P＜0.05).One hour urine pad test:the mean preoperative urine leakage was (27.6±8.2) g,and became (5.5± 1.3)g 4weeks after operation (P＜0.05).Two patients had dysuria 3 days after surgery and became recovery after keeping catheterization one week.Eight patients had groin thigh pain which remitted two days to one week later.One patient was diagnosed overactive bladder firstly and three patients had suffered current urinary infection after surgery.Conclusions TVT-O is an effective treatment method for female stress urinary incontinence because of its high level of standardization,small trauma,few complications and fast recovery.

Objective To evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of finasteride in treating patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) during a 14-year period in a hospital.Methods Forty-one patients with BPH receiving finasteride 5 mg daily for the treatment from December 1994 to Febrary 2009 were included in the study. The base line and the end of study data of nocturia, prostate volume, serum creatine, complete blood count and serum prostatic specific antigen (PSA) were recorded. The acute urinary retention, surgical treatment and drug adverse reaction (prostate cancer or breast cancer) during the observation periods were recorded as well.ResultsAll the 41 cases took finasteride regularly for long-term medical therapy of BPH. At the end of this study, the average age of patients was (87.9±5.4) years old and the average duration of treatment was (141.1±27.1) months. The numbers of nocturia were 1.8±1.5 and 3.2±1.3 pre- and post- treatment, respectively (t= -4.52,P<0. 05). Before and at the end of the study, the prostate volumes were (44.9±26.6) ml and (42.8±31.3) ml, respectively(t=0. 33,P>0.05). Stratified study showed that, compared with the baseline data, the prostate volume was increased by 17.3 ％ in patients with prostate volume <25 ml(t= -0. 88 ,P>0. 05) ; the prostate volume was decreased by 17.2％ in patients with prostate volume of 25-40 ml(t=2.59,P<0.05); the prostate volumes were (63.3±28. 9) ml and (62.6±36.5) ml pre- and post-treatment in patients with prostate volume > 40 ml, and there was no significant change(t= 0.07, P>0. 05). Before and after the treatment, the serum creatine levels were (96.8±18. 6) mol/L and (86.45±32. 3) mol/L, respectively(t= 1.79, P>0. 05) ; the white blood cell counts were (6.4±1.5) × 109 L and (6.0±1.7) ×109 L, respectively (t= 1.13,P>0. 05) ; and the PSA levels were (1.2±2.0) μg/L and (1.4±1.7) μg/L, respectively (t=-0. 49,P>0. 05). Three cases (7.3％) occurred acute urinary retention. There was no prostate cancer and breast cancer case, and no new adverse event occurred during long-time use of finasteride. Conclusions This retrospective study has demonstrated that the clinical progress of BPH can be controlled effectively by long-term administration of finasteride.