Venous thromboembolism ( VTE ) is a common vascular disease.It has become an important public health problem because of its high incidence, recurrence and mortality rate.Because the clinical symptom of VTE is relatively hidden, it is difficult to diagnose and treat it.This article focuses on the clinical diagnosis,treatment and laboratory examination of VTE.

Objective To explore the measures in early diagnosis and treatment for venous thromboembolism(VTE)in patients with fracture.Methods All the patients with fracture visiting Beijing Jishuitan Hospital in emergency during October 2004 to October 2007 were screened by Well's prediction rules,and anticoagulation and thrombolysis were instituted for those with established diagnosis of VTE by color Doppler ultrasonography and venography.Results Totally,1 508 patients at higg-risk of VTE were identified by D-dimer test.1 455 by color ultrasonography and 53 by venography.Diagnosis of VTE was established in 652 of them(43.2%),619(94.9%)received anticoagulant treatment,162(24.8%)received anticoagulant plus thrombolytie treatment and 25 (3.8%) received anticoagulation plus thrombectomy.In order to prevent fatal pulmonary embolism,vena cava filters(VCFs)were implanted in 146(22.4%)patients,and 33(5.1%)of them were contraindicated to anticoagulation.After treatment,412 cases were cured and 240 were improved,with no one failed.Conclusions Patients with fracture are at high-risk of VTE and should be screened by D-dimer test and color Doppler ultrasonography based on Well's evaluation,as well as by venography for confirming the diagnosis of VTF as appropriate.Anticoagulation and thrombolysis are still the treatment of choice,with thrombectomy and VCF implantation performed only if necessary.

Platelets is the important hemostatic component in the blood and the critical participants in inflammation. It is an important promoting factor during inflammation and can recruit leukocytes and aggregate in sepsis. Decreasing plate?let count was correlated with reverse clinical outcome. Therefore, the value of the platelets examination in clinical monitor was studied by many researchers. Under circumstance of fungal infections, platelets mediate antimicrobial activity and assist dissemination of the fungi synchronously. Regulating interaction between platelets and fungi is difficult. In allergic inflamma?tion patients, the excessive activating of platelets aggravates airway obstruction and worsen pulmonary function. We reviewed current research in activating platelets during inflammation.

Objective To observe and compare the effect of different concentration of ropivacaine on elderly patient with bra-chial plexus block under ultrasound-guided ,to assess its effectiveness and security ,so as to determine the optimum dosage of anes-thetic for elderly patients with brachial plexus block .Methods 120 patients undergoing elective surgery of forearm or hand in this hospital from February 2013 to December 2014 were selected as the observation group in this study .These patients were randomly divided into four groups on average ,narcosis was conducted in each group with ultrasound-guided :group A with 30 mL of 0 .250%ropivacaine ,group B with 30 mL of 0 .375% ropivacaine ,group C with 30 mL of 0 .500% ropivacaine ,group D with 30 mL of 0 .750% ropivacaine .The onset time of sensory block ,motor block level ,duration of analgesia and adverse reactions were observed and recorded .Results With the increase of concentration of ropivacaine ,the onset time of narcotize became shorter(P< 0 .05) and duration of analgesia became longer(P < 0 .05) .There were no significant difference in the effects of brachial plexus block (P>0 .05) .There was no complications occurred in four groups after narcosis .Conclusion Concentration of ropivacaine more than 0 .375% can achieve perfect clinical effect on elderly patients with brachial plexus block under guidance of ultrasound .

Objective To explore the clinical value of Glucosamine hydrochloride tablets(GH)alone and combination with Xianlinggubao capsules(XLGB)for treatment patients with knee osteoarthritis(KOA).Methods 96 patients with KOA were selected,and were divided into two groups according to the random number method, 48 cases in each group.The control group was treated with GH alone,while the observation group was treated with XL-GB on the basis of the control group.US Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) were used to evaluate the symptoms change,including pain,stiffness,physical function scores and total scores before and after treatment.The onset time,knee function (HSS)score at 3 months and 6 months after treatment were recor-ded.CRP and ESR were measured,and the total efficacy was evaluated at the end of treatment.Results The differ-ence of WOMAC score between the two groups was not statistically significant before treatment (P >0.05 ).After treatment,pain,stiffness,physical function scores and total scores were (10.2 ±1.4)points,(3.5 ±1.6)points, (40.5 ±5.0)points and (56.4 ±6.7)points in the observation group,those were (14.8 ±2.6)points,(6.2 ±2.3)points, (52.2 ±6.8)points and (73.3 ±4.5)points in the control group,the differences were statistically significant (t =7.631,4.721,6.791,10.26,all P <0.01).The onset time,HSS score at 3 months and 6 months after treatment in the observation group were (6.0 ±2.2)d,(68.2 ±6.4)points and (84.3 ±6.2)points,while those were (9.8 ± 2.8)d,(58.5 ±3.9)points and (72.8 ±5.4)points in the control group,the differences were statistically significant (t =5.228,6.341,6.852,all P <0.01 ).The improvements of CRP level and ESR in the observation group were more pronounced than those in the control group (t =3.880,2.668,all P <0.05).After treatment,the total effective rate of the observation group was 93.8%(45 /48),while that was 77.1%(37 /48)in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =5.352,P <0.05).Conclusion GH combines with XLGB can significantly improve symptoms in patients with KOA,with more rapid recovery of knee function,thus it is a safe and effective therapy.

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of changes of platelet and anticoagulation function in patients with acute pancreatitis. Methods:β-TG, PF4 ,TXB2 ,GMP-140,antithrombin-Ⅲ,and protein C were measured in all patients. Results:There was no significant difference in all parameters between acute edema pancreatitis group and normal group(P＞0.05).Compared with the control group, parameters of platelet significantly increased in acute necrosis pancreatitis group(P＜0.01),and parameters of anticoagulation significantly decreased(P＜0.01). Conclusion: The platelet system was activated and the level of anticoagulation system decreased in acute necrosis pancreatitis. Parameters are important in understanding and preventing this disease.

Objective To study the effect of lipoteichoic acid(LTA) of Bifidobacterium on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and invasion and metastasis of colon carcinoma cell lines.Methods The effects of LTA on adhesion,invasion and metastasis of human colon carcinoma lines LoVo and HT-29 in vitro were examined by MTT colorimetric and transwell chamber.The mRNA and protein expressions of VEGF in the two colon carcinoma cells treated with LTA were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.Results The adhesion ability decreased in LoVo cells and HT-29 cells after the treatment of LTA(20,50,80 ?g/ml) for 30,60,90,120 min(P

Thirty six patients aged 50-70 years with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) received doxazosin and desmopressin treatment for 4 weeks.After treatment the International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS) and Quality of Life (QoL) scores of patients were significantly improved (17.4 ± 2.5 vs.11.8 ± 1.1 and 3.9 ±0.6 vs.1.8 ± 1.3,respectively;both P ＜ 0.01).The nocturia frequency was decreased from 4.6±1.5 to 2.1±1.6 (P＜0.01);nocturnal urine output from (564±73) to (348±45) ml (P＜0.05);the hours of undisturbed sleep increased from (88.6 ± 17.5) min to (146.2 ± 12.8) min (P ＜0.05).There were no significant differences in serum levels of sodium,potassium and chlorine,and osmoticpressure before and after treatment.The results indicate that doxazosin combined with desmopressin is safe and effective for treatment of nocturia in patients with BPH.

Objective To investigate the influence of combined thrombolysis therapy on clinical effects for short -and long -term of patients with acute cerebral infarction caused by sudden occlusion of anterior and posterior circulation.Methods 75 patients with cerebral infarction caused by sudden occlusion of anterior and posterior circulation were chosen and divided into A group (46 patients)with sudden occlusion of anterior circulation and B group (29 patients)with sudden occlusion of posterior circulation by comprehensive therapy for intra -arterial thrombolysis combined with mechanical crushing and dilation.The recanalization rate,the excellent and good rate of ADL -Barthel score,NIHSS score and GCS score before and after treatment,intracranial hemorrhage rate and mortality rate of two groups were compared.Results The recanalization rates of A group and B group were 50.00%(23 /46), 89.66%(26 /29).After treatment,the excellent and good rates of ADL -Barthel score of A group and B group were 58.70%(27 /46),62.07%(18 /29).The recanalization rate of B group was significantly higher than A group(χ2 =7.44,P <0.05).There was no significant difference in the excellent and good rate of ADL -Barthel score after treatment between the two groups(χ2 =1.21,P >0.05).After treatment,the NIHSS scores of A group and B group were (8.66 ±2.48)points,(8.72 ±2.51 )points,the GCS scores of A group and B group were (12.89 ± 3.61)points,(13.10 ±3.72)points.There were no significant differences in NIHSS score and GCS score after treatment between the two groups(t =1.47,1.52,all P >0.05).After treatment,the intracranial hemorrhage rate of B group was significantly lower than A group (χ2 =8.16,P <0.05 ).There was no significant difference in the mortality rate between the two groups(χ2 =0.98,P >0.05).Conclusion Compared with acute cerebral infarction caused by sudden occlusion of anterior circulation,combined thrombolysis therapy in treatment of patients with sudden occlusion of posterior circulation has advantages including higher recanalization rate and lower risk of intracranial hemorrhage.

Volume concentration determination for atmospheric krypton and xenon is very important for krypton-85 and radioactive xenon isotopes monitoring. An injection setup integrated adjustable quantity sample injection and quantitative dilution function was designed. The effects of EI source parameters on the sensitivity of MS detector were studied. The optimized values were as following: ionization energy of 70 eV, emission current of 40 mA, cathode voltage of 27 mV, focus voltage of 85 mV and lens compensation of 20 V, respectively. A GC-MS method for the determination of krypton and xenon in atmosphere without of sample pretreatment was developed. The minimal detected concentrations for krypton and xenon were 3. 3×10-8(V/V) and 2. 6×10-9(V/V). Moreover, the krypton and xenon concentrations in the ground level air around our laboratory were measured with the results of 1 . 1 × 10-6 ( V/V ) and 9 . 3 × 10-8 ( V/V ) . The related combined standard uncertainties for krypton and xenon results were 2. 38% and 3. 15%, respectively.