Aim To investigate the changes in the ex-pression of WNK1 in spinal cord of a rat model with bone cancer pain. Methods Female SD rats, weig-hing 170 ~200 g, were randomly divided into three groups:normal control group (group C, n=3), sham operation group ( group S, n =3 ) and bone cancer pain group ( group BCP, n =24 ) . Group C was not given any treatment, and group S was injected into the bone marrow of left tibia with 5 μl PBS solution while group BCP with 5 μl WALKER 256 mammary gland cancer cell suspension (approximately 1 × 105 cells). Mechanical paw withdrawal threshold ( MWT ) was measured at d1 before inoculation ( baseline) and d3, 6,9,10,11,12 after inoculation. Group S and C were sacrificed at d 12 while group BCP at d 3 ,6 ,9 ,12 after inoculation and spinal cord ( L4~6 ) were removed at different time points for detection of WNK1 mRNA ex-pression by qRT-PCR and WNK1 protein expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group C and S,group BCP’ s MWT started to decrease since d 3 ( P<0. 05 ) . The mRNA expression of WNK1 in spinal cord was up-regulated(P<0. 05) from d 3 showing an increasing trend over time until d 9 ( peak ) and then down-regulated to d 12 ( P >0. 05 ) while the protein expression upregulated since d6 and also showed an in-creasing trend to d 12 ( P<0. 01 ) . Conclusion The expression of WNK1 in spinal cord of a rat model with bone cancer pain increased abnormally, which may be involved in the occurrence and maintenance of a rat model with bone cancer pain.

Objective To investigate the effect of intrathecal CLP257 on the bone cancer pain in rats.Methods Forty adult female Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-200 g,were divided into 4 groups (n=10 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),bone cancer pain group (group BCP),dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group,and CLP257 group.Bone cancer pain was induced by inoculating Walker 256 mammary gland carcinoma cell suspension (about 1× 105cells) 10 μl into the medullary cavity of the left tibia.On 7th-9th days after establishment of the model,5％ DMSO 10 μl was injected intrathecally once a day in group DMSO,and 10 μg/μl CLP257 10 μl was injected intrathecally once a day in group CLP257.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) was measured on 1 day before establishment of the model (T0),on 1st-6th days after establishment of the model (T1-6),and at 4 h after intrathecal administration on 7th-9th days after establishment of the model (T7-9).After the last intrathecal administration,the L4-6 segments of the spinal cord were removed for determination of the expression of potassium chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2) protein and mRNA by Western blot and fluorescent quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,respectively.Results Compared with group S,the MWT was significantly decreased,and the expression of KCC2 protein and mRNA was down-regulated in BCP and DMSO groups,and the MWT was significantly decreased (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the expression of KCC2 protein and mRNA in group CLP257 (P＞0.05).Compared with group BCP,the MWT was significantly increased,and the expression of KCC2 protein and mRNA was up-regulated in group CLP257 (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group DMSO (P＞0.05).Conclusion Intrathecal CLP257 can attenuate the bone cancer pain in rats.

The patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDX) model is an animal model established by directly engrafting fresh tumor tissue of patients into immunodeficiency mice after surgery or biopsy, which plays an important role in the study of tumor biology. However, the transformation of PDX into lymphoma limits the application of this model. The characters of this transformation include that epithelial tumors origin, predorminance of B-cell lymphomas, lost of architectural feature of primary tumor, absence of epithelial tumor markers, and CD45 and CD20 expression. That were characteristics of human B lymphocytes, and possible infection of Epstein-Barr virus(EBV). The biology of primary tumor, EBV infection, inflammation infiltration in primary tumors and the host immune status are the main related factors in this transformation. Therefore, selective xenograft by the detection of EBV infection and inflammation infiltration in primary tumors may be effective methods to prevent lymphomagenesis.
Animals ; B-Lymphocytes ; Disease Models, Animal ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Heterografts ; Humans ; Leukocyte Common Antigens ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Neoplasms ; Transplantation, Heterologous

Objective: To investigate the duration of Norovirus (NoV) shedding among infected school children during a NoV outbreak in a kindergarten,and to provide scientitic basis for epidemic prevention and control. Methods: Specimens and epidemiological data were collected from suspected cases, and specimens were detected using real-time RT-PCR to determine whether or not infecting with NoV. Specimens were collected every 3-7 days from NoV-infected children until specimens became negative for NoV. Results: A total of 14 suspected cases were reported, and 12 of them were infected with NoV. The average duration of NoV shedding was (26.58±17.94)d. The specimens among 9 from 12 Nov-infected cases were positive at 7 days, 8 NoV-intected cased remained positive at 14 days and 7 Non-infected cased at least 21 days. Conclusion Since NoV shedding duration among NoV-infected children tends to longer than their isolation time during outbreaks, reinforcement of hygiene practices among these school children is especially necessary to reduce the risk of virus secondary transmissions after their return to school.

Objective To investigate the relationship between (serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin,sNGAL) and cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD).Methods 300 patients with CKD were divided into two groups according to the level of sNGAL:high sNGAL group (n=158) and low sNGAL group (n=142).The incidence of cardiovascular events and cumulative survival rate were analyzed by ROC curve,and the correlation between sNGAL and cardiovascular risk factors,cardiovascular events in patients with chronic renal disease was analyzed.Influencing factors of cardiovascular events in CKD patients was analyzed.Results There were significant differences in the data about BMI,diabetes proportion,CKD staging,eGFR,hsCRP,24h proteinuria,HDL,iPTH,phosphate and blood calcium between the two groups (P＜0.05).The 3-year cumulative survival rate of high sNGAL group(77.2％) was significantly lower than that of low sNGAL group(96.5％),and the 3-year incidence of cardiovascular events (37.9％) was significantly higher than that of low sNGAL group (9.8％) (P＜ 0.05).AUC in diagnosing cardiovascular events in high sNGAL group (0.746) was significantly higher than that in eGFR(0.636),age (0.504),serum calcium (0.545),HDL(0.594) and LDL (0.508,all P＜0.05).There was a significant correlation between sNGAL and eGFR,HDL,BMI,hs-CRP,iPTH and phosphate (P＜ 0.05).Both univariate and multivariate fact ors COX showed that sNGAL was a risk factor of cardiovascular events in patients with CKD (P＜0.05),((HR=1.976 and 1.588,95％ CI=1.443-2.724 and 1.144-2.143,respectively,P=0.O00 and 0.000)).Conclusions The incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with CKD with high sNGAL is significantly increased.sNGAL is an independent factor of cardiovascular events in patients with chronic renal disease.

OBJECTIVE: To study the value of ADRB2, GLCCI1, FCER2 gene detection in individualized medication of children with refractory asthma.METHODS: Clinical pharmacists participated in therapy for 2 cases of refractory asthma, and comprehensively analyzed risk factors as its pathogenic factors (allergens and pathogens of respiratory infections), lung function indexes and family history. It was suggested to conduct anti-asthmatic drugs gene [p2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), glucocorticoid induced transcriptional 1 gene (GLCCI1), low affinity IgE receptor (FCER2)] testing. According to detection results, the suggestions were put forward such as increasing the dose of Glucocorticoid for inhalation, stopping β2 receptor agonist, additionally using anticholinergic drug. RESULTS: The clinical physicians adopted the suggestions of clinical pharmacists. After optimizing refractory asthma therapy plan according to the results of gene testing and clinical factors, 2 patients were stable and the number of seizures decreased significanthy. CONCLUSIONS: Gene test can provide evidence for the formulation of individualized therapy in asthma children.

【Objective】 To analyze the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection data of blood donors from 18 domestic blood stations, so as to investigate the HBV infection situation of blood donors. 【Methods】 The positive rate of HBV and its distribution characteristics of regions, the percentage of HBsAg+ ELISA in first-time vs repeated blood donors, and the percentage of HBsAg-/HBV DNA+ blood donors of 18 domestic blood stations during 2017 to 2020 were collected from the Working Platform for Practice Comparison of Blood Centers, and the HBV infection among blood donors were statistically analyzed. 【Results】 From 2017 to 2020, the positive rate of HBV in blood donors among 18 domestic blood stations was 13.48/10 000-144.02/10 000, with the average HBV positive rate in eastern, central and western region at 26.14/10 000, 51.98/10 000 and 41.00/10 000, respectively. The HBsAg+ rate by ELISA among first-time and repeated blood donors was 14.55/10 000-305.39/10 000 vs 1.04/10 000-87.43/10 000 The HBsAg-/HBV DNA+ yield was 1.80/10 000-35.31/10 000. 【Conclusion】 The distribution of HBV infection in blood donors has regional characteristics, and HBV prevalence was low in repeated blood donors. HBsAg ELISA combined with HBV DNA detection can better ensure blood safety.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of alterations in the expressions of methyltransferase on protein expression profiles in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells and enrich the differential signaling pathways. METHODS: The total protein was extracted from -knockout cell line CNE1 and the wild-type cell line CNE1, and the differentially expressed proteins were screened by tandem mass tag (TMT) labeled protein quantification technique and tandem mass spectrometry. GO analysis was used to annotate and enrich the differentially expressed proteins, and the KEGG database was used to enrich and analyze the pathways of the differential proteins. RESULTS: With a fold change (FC)≥1.2 and < 0.05 as the screening standard, 2049 differentially expressed proteins were identified in CNE1 cells, among which 904 were up-regulated and 1145 were down-regulated. GO functional annotation results indicated that knockout caused characteristic changes in multiple biological processes (cell processes and regulation, cell movement, metabolic processes, and biosynthesis of cellular components), molecular functions (catalytic activity and molecular binding, transcription factor activity), and cellular components (cell membrane, organelle, macromolecular complex). KEGG analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins were involved in an array of signaling pathways closely related to tumors, including MAPK, PI3K-Akt, Ras, Rap1, mTOR, Hippo, HIF-1, Wnt, AMPK, FoxO, ErbB, P53 and JAK-STAT. CONCLUSIONS knockout significantly changes the protein expression characteristics of NPC cells and affects a number of signal pathways closely related to tumors. The results provide evidence for investigation of the pathogenesis and therapeutic target screening of NPC.

OBJECTIVE： To study the effects of ADRB2 （rs1042713） gene polymorphism on therapeutic efficacy of anticholinergic drug in the treatment for refractory asthma pediatric patients. METHODS： 171 children with refractory asthma were selected from outpatient department of Kunming Children’s Hospital during Nov. 2016 to Jul. 2019. The distribution of ADRB2 （rs1042713） genotype， the clinical efficacy [asthma control test （C-ACT） score， FEV1， FVC， PEF， maximal mid-expiratory flow （MMEF）] of anticholinergic drug were analyzed statistically； the response of different genotypes to the use of anticholinergic drug were also analyzed statistically. RESULTS： 148 of 171 refractory asthmatics pediatric patients were administered anticholinergic drug， among them 50 of the 71 AA genotype and 36 of the 77 GA genotype responded to anticholinergic drug treatment. Statistical analysis showed that 71 children with AA refractory asthma had improved C-ACT score， FEV1， FVC， PEF and MMEF， there was statistical significance， compared with GA genotype （P＜0.05）； the response rate of the AA genotype to anticholinergic drugs was 2.71 times that of the GA genotype [OR＝2.71， 95％CI （1.38， 5.34）， P＝0.005]. CONCLUSIONS： The detection of ADRB2 （rs1042713） gene polymorphism has some guiding significance in the treatment of refractory asthma with anticholinergic drugs， and the response of AA genotype is better.

【Objective】 To study the annual financial expenditure in blood stations with different scales, and to establish the regression equation between blood collection units and total expenditure. 【Methods】 The annual total expenditure, the per capita cost of serving population, as well as the collection units of whole blood and apheresis platelet of 24 blood stations were collected. The financial expenditure required for collecting 10 000U blood was calculated.The statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS statistical software. 【Results】 From 2017 to 2020, the total annual financial expenditure of 24 blood stations showed an upward trend. The total expenditure among blood stations was different. The per capita cost of servicing population in the areas where the 24 blood stations were located had been increasing year by year. The 24 blood stations were divided into two grades according to the blood collection volume as 50 000 U, and the relationship equation between the blood collection volume and the annual total expenditure had been established. After testing, each equation was effective(P<0.05); There was no difference in the financial expenditure required for collecting 10 000U blood among blood stations with different scales. 【Conclusion】 From 2017 to 2020, the blood stations with an annual collection volume more than 50 000 U demonstrated a higher financial expenditure and the per capita cost of serving population than those <50 000 U. The blood collection volume of blood stations is significantly correlated with the annual total expenditure and the per capita cost of serving population.