Objective To explore the pathological characteristics and prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC).Methods The pathological data of 465 cases of operable primary breast cancer were analyzed.TNBC was immunohistochemically defined by a lack of expression of ER,PR and Her-2.The differences of pathological characteristics and prognosis between TNBC and non-TNBC were explored.Results TNBC count for about 15%(73/465)of all breast carcinomas.TNBC correlated with younger(＜50y)and premenopausal women (P＜0.05).The follow-up time of the 369 cases was truncated at January 2009,and 39 cases had recurrence or metastasis,the relapse rate of TNBC(18.3%,11/60)was higher than that of non-TNBC(9.1%,28/309,P=0.033).Conclusions The patients with TNBC were younger,and had an increased likelihood of relapse.

Objective To summarize the progress of clinical research on triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC).Methods Domestic and international publications on the study of TNBC in recent years were collected and reviewed.Results The patients with TNBC were younger,and their prognosis was poorer.Besides operation,chemotherapy was the major therapeutic tool for them.Currently the targeted therapy for epidermal growth factor receptor and its signal conducting system was applied to clinical therapy gradually,and it might benefit the patients with TNBC.Conclusion The study on TNBC may bring a new way for therapy.

AIM: To investigate the adhesion between lymphocytes and extracellular matrix (ECM) in delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in mice as well as the regulatory effect of several cytokines on it. METHODS: DTH was induced by the application of picryl chloride (PCl) to mice that had been sensitized twice by PCl, followed by isolating the spleen lymphocytes at different times. The adhesion of spleen lymphocytes to fibronectin or typeⅠcollagen were examined. In some cases, spleen lymphocytes obtained at 18 h were incubated with various concentrations of IL-2, IFN-?, and TNF-? for 4 h at 37℃ before the adhesion assay. T cells purified from the spleen lymphocytes were also used for the assay in the presence of TNF-?. RESULTS: The adhesion of spleen lymphocytes to ECM began to increase at 6 h after PCl challenge, reached a peak at 18 h, then decreased and returned to normal level at 36 h. IL-2 significantly increased the adhesion of lymphocytes to ECM at a dose of 1?10 5 U/L and TNF-? enhanced the adhesion in a concentration-dependent manner. The combined use of TNF-? and IFN-? showed a significantly enhanced adhesion. TNF-? was more effective to accelerate the adhesion of spleen T Cells than that of total spleen lymphocytes. CONCLUSION: In the process of DTH, the adhesion of lymphocytes to ECM was regulated by several cytokines and associated with the development of inflammation.

Objective To explore the variation of engine exhausts and its secondary pollutant in the daytime. Methods The concentration of engine exhausts(NOx) and its secondary pollutant(O3) were determined during 7:00-17:00, Apr 10th and 12th, 2005. The ratio of air pollutants to vehicle flow (KNOx, KO3) was analyzed to reflect the variation of air pollutants concentration in the daytime. Results The values of KNOx, and KO3 showed the same trend during 7:00-9:00 and 17:00-18:00, the opposite trend during 11:00-15:00. The peak value was observed at 12:00 for KNOx with the lowest level, at 13:00 for KO3 with the highest level. Conclusion Air pollution by secondary pollutant from engine exhausts is associated with sunlight.

Objective:To explore the effects of necroptosis specific inhibitor-1 (Nec-1) on brain injury in rats after cardiac arrest and its mechanism.Methods:A total of 24 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into Sham group, model group and Nec-1 group ( n = 8 per group) according to random number table method. In the Sham group, only general surgical procedures were underdone without inducing cardiac arrest. In the model group, the rats were subjected to asphyxial cardiac arrest followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) at 6 minutes after cardiac arrest. In the Nec-1 group, Nec-1 of 1 mg/kg was administered after cardiac arrest, and CPR was performed at 6 minutes after cardiac arrest. At 72 hours after CPR, neurological deficit scores (NDS) were assessed, serum S100B levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3) expression in cerebral cortex and hippocampus was observed under immunofluorescence and positive rate was calculated, and the levels of RIP3 protein expression in brain were analyzed by Western blotting. Results:At 72 hours after CPR, the rats in the model group showed obvious necroptosis and injury in brain. Compared with the Sham group, the NDS scores in the model group were significantly decreased [57.0 (52.7, 60.0) vs. 80.0 (80.0, 80.0), P < 0.05], the serum S100B was significantly increased (ng/L: 44.9±4.5 vs. 18.6±1.5, P < 0.05), the percentages of RIP3 positive cells in cerebral cortex and hippocampus were significantly elevated [cerebral cortex: (31.7±4.8)% vs. (11.6±3.2)%, hippocampus: (28.4±0.8)% vs. (10.9±0.6)%, both P < 0.05], and the levels of RIP3 protein expression in brain were significantly increased [RIP3 protein (RIP3/GAPDH): 0.708 (0.642, 0.722) vs. 0.408 (0.253, 0.504), P < 0.05]. After Nec-1 intervention, necroptosis and injury in brain were obviously improved. Compared with the model group, the NDS scores at 72 hours after CPR in the Nec-1 group were significantly increased [70.5 (68.5, 71.7) vs. 57.0 (52.7, 60.0), P < 0.05), the serum S100B was significantly decreased (ng/L: 31.9±2.7 vs. 44.9±4.5, P < 0.05), the percentages of RIP3 positive cells in cerebral cortex and hippocampus were significantly lowered [cerebral cortex: (23.7±4.1)% vs. (31.7±4.8)%, hippocampus: (20.4±0.4)% vs. (28.4±0.8)%, both P < 0.05], and the levels of RIP3 protein expression in brain were significantly declined [RIP3 protein (RIP3/GAPDH): 0.437 (0.379, 0.507) vs. 0.708 (0.642, 0.722), P < 0.05]. Conclusion:Nec-1 attenuated necroptosis of brain cells by inhibiting the expression of RIP3 protein, so as to reduce brain injury after cardiac arrest in rats.

Objective To outline the characteristics of fractures of the coronoid process of the ulna in children and distinguish them from that of the adult. Methods Twenty eight cases of fractures of the coronoid process of the ulna in children in the past five years were reviewed. There were 18(64%) boys and 10(36%) girls. According to the extent of involvement, the fractures were classified as 3 types based on modified Regan and Morrey method. Of those, 10 cases were associated with other injuries such as dislocation of the elbow, fracture of the radial neck, fracture of the olecranon and so on. In this series, open reduction and internal fixation were applied in only 2 cases with type Ⅲ injury and conservative treatment including immobilization of the elbow in flexion with long arm plaster splint were done in all of the rest cases. Results Seventeen patients were followed up for an average of 14 months(range, 4 months to 5 years). The clinical results were evaluated according to pain, range of motion, muscular strength and stability of the elbow. The overall excellent result were achieved in 94%of the patients. No complaint and late complication were found in this series. Conclusion There are some obvious differences in the coronoid process fracture of the ulna between children and adult: 1)fewer cases associated with dislocation of the elbow in the children than in the adult; 2)the clinical results were relatively better in children than that in the adult whatever the surgical or conservative treatment was performed; 3)the prognosis of fractures of the coronoid process of the ulna was better and the complications were less in children than that in the adults.

[Objective]To evaluate the role of Southwick angle and Klein line in the diagnosis of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). [Methods]Forty-two cases of SCFE were treated by Russell traction and screw or pins fixation in situ from 1995 to 2006. The hip anteroposterior and frog-lateral radiographs were reviewed to measure the occurrence of metaphyseal change,the Southwick angle and the Klein line.[Results]The metaphyseal changes occurred in all cases. The Southwick angles were reduced with the severity of SCFE. The positive ratio of Klein line was higher in the lateral radiographs,but lower in the anteroposterior radiographys.[Conclusion]The Southwick angle and Klein line play an important role in the diagnosis of SCFE. The lateral radiography should be emphasized in the diagnosis of SCFE.

Objective To evaluate the effect of montelukast combined with seretide in treatment of patients with asthma and its influence on balance between Th17 and Treg cells, and expression of IL-4 and IFN-γ.Methods 110 patients with asthma were randomly divided into observation group and control group, observation group of 55 cases, using montelukast combined with seretide, control group of 55 cases, using seretide,compared two groups of patients with pulmonary function changes, peripheral inflammatory factor changes and influence on Th17 and Treg cells balance. Results Before treatment, observation group and control group,FEV1 and FEV1 /FVC value was no significant difference.FEV1 and FEV1 /FVC after treatment were significantly improved compared with before treatment in two groups, differences were statistically significance (P<0.05).Between two groups, FEV1 values were significantly difference (t=8.1156, P=0.0001), FEV1 /FVC also had significant difference (t=4.8933, P=0.0001) .Before treatment, observation group and control group, IL-4 and IFN-γdid not have a statistically significant.After treatment, IL-4 and IFN-γdecreased significantly, with statistical difference compared with before treatment (P<0.05).Between two groups, IL-4 had significant difference (t=6.0273, P=0.0001), IFN-γalso had statistically significant (t=6.6042, P=0.0001).Before treatment, there was no significant difference between Th17 and Treg percentage, after 12 weeks of treatment and 24 weeks, Th17 in observation group were(0.53 ±0.02),(0.32 ±0.01), the control group were (0.78 ±0.03),(0.62 ±0.02), which had differences (P<0.05).After 12 weeks and 24 weeks,observation group Treg respectively(2.21 ± 0.22),(2.47 ±0.10),in control group were(1.50 ±0.11),(1.84 ±0.14), Treg percentage at different time after treatment, the differences had statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Montelukast combined with Seretide in treating with asthma, pulmonary function of patients is obviously improved, and it can improve Th17, Treg cell.

To observe the clinical effect of oblique puncture plus plucking manual technique for fatigue periositis of tibia.Methods:60 cases of the patients with fatigue Deriostitisof tibia were randomly divided into the treatment group of 30 cases treated by oblique puncture plus plucking manual technique,and the control group of 30 cases treated by ultra short wave.Resuits:The curative rate was 60.0% in the treatment group and 20.0% in the control group.and the total effective rate was 93.3% and 70.O% respectively.The therapeutic effect was better in the treatment group than in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Oblique puncture plus plucking manual technique has a better therapeutic effect for fatigue periostitis of tibia.

BACKGROUND: The determination of the normal acetabular spatial contour, the pattern of its curvature transformation, and adaptability between acetabulum and femoral head plays an important role in the description of spatial relationship of the hip joint the management and evaluation of hip disorders, especially developmental dysplasia of the hip.OBJECTIVE: Based on spiral threa-dimensional CT data of normal hip joints, to create isoline map of each acetabulum and femoral head by a well-developed and cooperating programmed computer software so as to determine the normal acetabular spatial contour and the pattern of its curvature transformation.METHODS: Three-dimensional CT data of 56 normal hip joints, aged from 6 to 17 years, were collected. After three-dimensional simulation and surface shade display (SSD) reconstruction by a well-developed VxWork software, the isoline map was created using contours map in Gecmorphology, and each isoline map of the normal acetabulum and femoral head was analyzed via a specific computer software (Terrain). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The isoline array of normal acetabulum revealed the modality of some concentric "C" or oval "O",with at least one close "O" at the central zone, indicating that there existed dome shape at the superior zone of acetabulum. The modality of sparse isolines around dome illustrated larger curvature radius and more slowgoing change of spatial contour transformation of this zone, while the dense isolines on the bottom zone Of acetabulum represented a small curvature radius,steep shape, and rapid changing profile of this zone. The isoline array of normal femoral head was multiple concentric "O" with different space between each line. The congruence isolines of acetabular dome and superior surface of femoral head emerged as the similar trend of geomorphological characteristics, revealing that both the spatial contour and the curvature pattern between acatabulum and femoral head are well-adaptable to each other. Results show that the isolines of acatabulum and femoral headcan stersoscopicly visualize the spatial contour and curvature pattern of the topographic surface of the hip joint.