Fifty two adult male rats were selected for the investigation the adrenergic and cholinergic innervation of rat heart by means of histochemical demonstration of catecholamine fluorescence and acetylcholinesterase (ACHE). Consecutive method was employed on the same section to demonstration the relation between the distribution of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves in various parts of rat heart, e. g. atrium, ventricular myocardium, valves, epicardium, endocardium, atrioventricular node and coronary arteries. Adrenergic and cholinergic terminals innervated all parts dually. By comparing the photographs demonstrating the fluorescence CA and AChE on the same section treated by the consecutive method, we found that the location, the density and morphology of both types of nerve terminals were more like. In other words, under light microscopy the localization of both terminals can hardly be distinguished from each other. Such kind of morphological relation may strongly support the results of interaction between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems in physiological and pharmacological experiments of heart.In the cardiac ganglia there are some small intense fluorescence ceils (SIF-cells) lying besides the postganglionic cholinergic cells of the parasympathetic nervous system. Both kinds of cells were shown in close contact with each other in the same section with consecutive method. This morphological relation provided an evidence that catecholamine containing SIF-cells may control and regulate the neurotransmission of parasympathetic cholinergic neurons.

Glucagon like peptide-1(GLP-1) is a category of peptide secreted by intestine. The finding of GLP-1 was originated from the observation of "Incretin" phenomenon in 1960s. Besides lowering plasma glucose, GLP-1 can protect pancreas,improve cardiovascular outcome,and play a role in regulating appetite,as well as lower body weight. Given that food intake regulation mechanism modulated by GLP-1 remains uncertain,it is postulated that the central nervous system has played a vital role in this mechanism. In the present review,we focused on the following aspects about central nervous system's role in GLP-1's regulation of appetite:(1)The brain nuclei related to appetite regulation;(2) The brain nuclei related to blood glucose regulation; (3) The brain nuclei related to food intake reward behavior;(4) the role of food-related peptides and GLP-1;(5) How the GLP-1 receptor expression nuclei regulates the food intake.