Chronic atrophic gastritis( CAG)is a commonly seen digestive tract disease with the histopathological findings of mucosa inflammation,gland atrophy,intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia. Intestinal metaplasia is considered as a typical sign of CAG. In recent years,with the rapid progress of endoscopic technique,new technology has been applied for the diagnosis of CAG. This article reviewed the advances in studies on ordinary endoscopy,narrow-band imaging technique,magnifying endoscopy,narrow-band imaging-magnifying endoscopy and confocal laser endomicroscopy for the diagnosis of CAG.

Objective:To analyze the correlation of serum lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2)and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)levels with the severity of coronary heart disease in elderly patients.Methods:Clinical data of 200 elderly patients with coronary heart disease in the hospital from January 2017 to July 2019 were retrospectively collected.Data of 80 healthy elderly patients undergoing regular physical examinations in our hospital during the same period were collected and used as the healthy control group.All patients received laboratory tests using relevant parameters and coronary angiography on admission, with complete records of examination results for analysis.Based on SYNTAX scores from angiography of coronary artery lesions, all 200 elderly patients with coronary heart disease were further divided into a low-risk lesion subgroup, an intermediate-risk lesion subgroup and a high-risk lesion subgroup.The correlation of serum Lp-PLA2 and NLRP3 levels with the severity of coronary lesions was analyzed in elderly patients with coronary heart disease.Results:The mean SYNTAX score was 27.6±10.1.There were 60 cases with low-risk lesions, 68 cases with intermediate-risk lesions and 72 cases with high-risk lesions, accounting for 30.0%, 34.0% and 36.0%, respectively.The control group had the lowest serum levels of Lp-PLA2 and NLRP3, followed by the low-risk lesion, intermediate-risk lesion and high-risk lesion subgroups( F=305.026, 9.173 and 582.029, all P<0.001). Bivariate Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum levels of Lp-PLA2 and NLRP3 were positively correlated to the Syntax score in elderly patients with coronary heart disease( r=0.545 and 0.689, all P<0.001). Conclusions:Serum levels of Lp-PLA2 and NLRP3 are correlated to the severity of coronary artery disease in elderly patients with coronary heart disease.Overexpression of these two markers may indicate growing severity of coronary artery disease.Testing for serum Lp-PLA2 and NLRP3 levels in elderly patients with coronary heart disease can be considered to evaluate coronary lesions and treatment options in the future.

Background:Currently,chronic atrophic gastritis( CAG)is diagnosed by endoscopy combined with pathological examination. Narrow-band imaging magnifying endoscopy( NBI-ME)has been widely applied to diagnose CAG. However, it is a issue how to optimize the examination technology. Aims:To investigate the clinical value of NBI-ME in diagnosis of CAG,intestinal metaplasia and intraepithelial neoplasia. Methods:One hundred CAG patients reexamined gastroscopy were enrolled,sequential examination was performd,i. e. the extent of disease was observed under convention white light endoscopy( C-WLI ) followed by NBI-ME mode to observe locally,morphological changes of gastric mucosa pit was analyzed,endoscopic findings and histological results was compared. Results:Sensitivity of sequential examination for the diagnosis of CAG was 89. 7%,specificity was 63. 3%;sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of intestinal metaplasia were 89. 4%,89. 3%,respectively,for intraepithelial neoplasia were 84. 2%,95. 9%,respectively. Conclusions:Sequential examination can significantly improve the diagnostic accuracies of CAG,intestinal metaplasia and intraepithelial neoplasia,and effectively guide targeted biopsy,and easily to operate.

Objective To investigate the changes of the morphology,structure and biological characters of mutated Candida and through its genetic characteristics,research and reveal the mechanism of the variation at the molecular level.Methods Used different nutritional conditions,different growth conditions and different azole antifungal agents to induce mutation of the standard strains of Candida albicans.In clinical study,Candida mutant strains was isolated from vaginal secretions,pleu-ral effusion and gastric juice samples in patients of poor effect with Antifungal therapy,and studied on the morphological characteristics,and the nuclear structure,the biochemical reaction,the drug resistance,the bacterial composition and the ge-netic characteristics of above variants,etc.Results Mycelial?morphology:Candida were prone to mutation like bacteria, mutant bacteria could show G+ Aureus shape,G+ Bacillus,G+ long filamentous,G- Aureus shape,G- Bacillus and G- long filamentous;Nuclear structure:Candida mutant strains changed like prokaryotes under the electron microscope because it lost the original structure of eukaryotic cells.Biochemical reaction:there were 5 different items in 20 biochemical test ob-served.Drug sensitivity test:Candida mutated to antifungal drugs being originally sensitive was completely resistant,sensi-tive and resistant originally was completely sensitive,and the same as ordinary bacteria resistant.The cell component chan-ges:there was significantly different in Candida variant strain and the atavism of variant strain identified by mass spectrome-try.The most conservative fungalgene expression:Candida mutated had conservative gene expression of eukaryotes.It could be demonstrated that oidiomycetes mutant strains like bacterial morphology with prokaryotic cell biological characteristics was derived from Candida with eukaryotic cells.Conclusion Candida was prone to variation like bacterial morphology.The biological characteristics of mutant resembled prokaryote.There was a qualitative change among the standard strains of Can-dida albicans,mutant strains of oidiomycetes like bacterial morphology and the atavism of variant strain with clear genetic re-lationship under the electron microscope in the form of nuclear matter.The study on biological evolution,especially contact in prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic evolution has very important significance.

PURPOSE: Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a recently discovered antiangiogenesis protein. PEDF possesses powerful anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiangiogenic, and antifibrosis properties. It has been reported that PEDF can regulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. This study aimed to evaluate whether recombinant PEDF protein could attenuate allergic airway inflammation and airway remodeling via the negative regulation of VEGF using a murine model of chronic ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma and BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells. METHODS: In an in vivo experiment, mice sensitized with OVA were chronically airway challenged with aerosolized 1% OVA solution for 8 weeks. Treated mice were given injections of recombinant PEDF protein (50 or 100 microg/kg body weight) via the tail vein. In an in vitro experiment, we investigated the effects of recombinant PEDF protein on VEGF release levels in BEAS-2B cells stimulated with IL-1beta. RESULTS: Recombinant PEDF protein significantly inhibited eosinophilic airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and airway remodeling, including goblet cell hyperplasia, subepithelial collagen deposition, and airway smooth muscle hypertrophy. In addition, recombinant PEDF protein suppressed the enhanced expression of VEGF protein in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in OVA-challenged chronically allergic mice. In the in vitro experiment, VEGF expression was increased after IL-1beta stimulation. Pretreatment with 50 and 100 ng/mL of recombinant PEDF protein significantly attenuated the increase in VEGF release levels in a concentration-dependent manner in BEAS-2B cells stimulated by IL-1beta. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that recombinant PEDF protein may abolish the development of characteristic features of chronic allergic asthma via VEGF suppression, providing a potential treatment option for chronic airway inflammation diseases such as asthma.
Airway Remodeling ; Animals ; Asthma ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Collagen ; Eosinophils ; Epithelial Cells ; Goblet Cells ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Hypertrophy ; Inflammation* ; Lung ; Mice* ; Muscle, Smooth ; Ovalbumin ; Ovum ; Tail ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A* ; Veins

Objective:To examine potential predisposing risk factors for coronary heart disease(CHD)in elderly patients and the correlation between serum uric acid levels and the predisposing risk factors in elderly patients with CHD.Methods:Clinical data of 200 elderly inpatients with CHD(CHD group)and 150 elderly outpatients without CHD(control group)at our hospital from January 2017 to January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.Peripheral venous blood was collected from patients immediately after admission, and serum uric acid levels were measured.Baseline information of patients was recorded.Potential predisposing risk factors of CHD were identified by single-factor and multiple-factor analysis, and serum uric acid levels were compared against predisposing risk factors.The correlation between serum uric acid levels and predisposing risk factors in elderly patients with CHD was analyzed.Results:According to preliminary single-factor analysis, smoking, diabetes mellitus, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)hypolipidemia, family history of CHD and glomerular filtration rate seemed to be predisposing risk factors for elderly patients with CHD( χ2=6.739, 15.655, 6.331, 9.615, 23.279, P<0.05). Multiple-factor analysis showed that smoking, diabetes mellitus, low HDL-C hypolipidemia, family history of CHD and glomerular filtration rate were predisposing risk factors for elderly patients with CHD( OR=1.777, 2.381, 1.883, 1.967, 3.205, all P<0.05). Serum uric acid levels in elderly CHD patients with smoking, diabetes mellitus, low HDL-C hypolipidemia, family history of CHD or glomerular filtration rate<100 ml/min were higher than in patients without any of those conditions, and the difference was statistically significant( t=8.017, 5.907, 8.509, 7.164, 13.839, P<0.001). Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum uric acid levels were positively correlated with risk factors such as smoking, diabetes mellitus, and family history of CHD in elderly patients with CHD( r=0.409, 0.422, 0.422, all P<0.001), and were negatively correlated with low HDL-C hypolipidemia and glomerular filtration rate( r=-0.428 and -0.481, all P<0.001). Conclusions:High level serum uric acid is closely related to many CHD risk factors such as smoking and diabetes mellitus and may be an independent risk factor for the onset of CHD.