Ear Ossicles ; Humans ; Ossicular Prosthesis ; Ossicular Replacement ; Recovery of Function

We have observed the protective effects of indocin (IND), a potent inhibitor of pro-sglandins (PGs), on ototoxicity induced by furosemide (FU) using the synchronous recording technique of endocochlear potential (EP) and auditory action potential(AP) in guinea pigs. The FU group were found to have a mean decrease in EP of 65.1?5.6mV and AP amplitude 91.5?10.2%. In contrast, the animals in the FU+IND group had a much smaller reduction of EP(17.5 ?3.8mV) and AP amplitude(31.1?4.7%). The rate of return in EP and AP was much faster in the FU+IND group as compared with the other group. Our findings suggest that the ototoxicity of FU may be related to the mediation of PGs in the inner ear target tissues. IND can interrupt an increase in endogenous PGs in cochlear tissues triggered by FU injection by inhibiting the biological synthesis of PGs, thus effectively diminishing the ototoxicity induced by FU.

A new surgical technique for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) was introduced, especially for those patients with oropharyngeal obstruction. This procedure was intended to relieve the obstruction in oropharynx and enlarge the space of oropharyngeal air duct without destroying its normal anatomical structure and physiological function. In this study Fujita type I was found in 56 of 62 cases by Muller's test. Laser assisted velopharyngoplasty was carried out on all of the patients with preservation of total or part of the uvula. No nasal pharyngeal adhesion or oro nasal cavity backward flow was found after the operation. Snoring disappeared in 29 cases and alleviated in 30 cases with a total effective rate of 95% in all of 62 patients. Our study indicated that based on the constitutional features of oropharyngeal cavity and velopalatal muscles, our surgical design and reconstruction method were able to elevate the venlopalate and, therefore, enlarge the space of the oropharynx effectively.

Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear ; surgery ; Ear, Middle ; Humans ; Mastoid

It is vital to make an individual plan for each patient with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) according to the obstruction sites. The high resolution anatomical information of upper airway and soft tissue can be obtained, especially by MRI and CT scans. Dynamic and state-dependent imaging techniques are beneficial to study stereo changes of anatomy and morphology of upper airway in quiet breathing, sleeping or airway closure. Although dynamic imaging examination has value in diagnosis and treatment of OSAHS, there has no uniform position diagnosis standard. This article reviews the history of dynamic imaging study on OSAHS, the advantages and disadvantages of various imaging technologies and prospects of imaging position diagnosis.
Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Respiratory System ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To evaluate the effectivene ss of CO 2 laser laryngeal microsurgery for benign and malignant laryngeal lesion s. Methods From January 1999 to June 2003, a total of 313 pa tients with benign or malignant laryngeal lesions underwent CO 2 laser laryngea l microsurgery in our hospital. There were 186 men and 127 women. The mean age w as 43.5 years ( range from 14 to 76 ) . Vocal cord polyps were found in 236 pati ents ( including 9 cases with Reinke's edema), vocal cord nodules in 30 cases. T h e vocal cord polyps or nodules were cut or vaporized using the CO 2 laser. Ther e were 27 cases with leukoplakia,ke-ratosis, or hyperplasia of the vocal cords, and 20 cases with T1a glottic cancer. The leukoplakia, keratosis, or hyperplasia lesions were excised with the method of demucosation,and the T1a glottic cance r were removed with the methods of demucosation or cor-dectomy using the CO 2 laser.Results All the lesions were removed in one procedure.Th ere was no or less bleeding during operation and the operating fields were clear. No severe complications such as dyspnea, bleeding occurred after operati on. CO 2 laser provided exquisite precision in laryngeal microsurgery. The woun ds of the larynx were healing well after CO 2 laser surgery. The effective rate s were 100% for the vocal cord polyps or nodules, and 92.6% for leukoplakia, ker atosis, or hyperplasia lesions. The recurrence rate was 10% for the T1a glottic cancer at 6 months after operation.Conclusion CO 2 laser laryngeal microsurgery has the ad vantages of less bleeding, clear operating fields, high effective cure rate, and increasing the surgical precision. It also broaden the indications for laryngea l microsurgery and should be used widely.

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors of early postoperative complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy.MethodsThe clinical data of 159 patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy from March 2005 to October 2010 was analyzed retrospectively.The related factors of early postoperative complications were analyzed.ResultsThe incidence rate of early postoperative complications was 30.8％ (49/159).Univariate analysis showed that preoperative fasting blood glucose level,total serum bilirubin level,serum albumin level,high density lipoproteins level and intraoperative bleeding were closely correlated with early postoperative complications in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (P ＜ 0.05),but gender,age,preoperative jaundice,history of diabetes mellitus,operation time and whether portal vein reconstruction were no significantly associated with early postoperative complications in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (P ＞ 0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that preoperative fasting blood glucose level( ≥6.1 mmol/L),total serum bilirubin level ( ≥ 171 μ mol/L) and serum albumin level( ＜ 35 g/L) were the important independent risk factors of early postoperative complications in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy.ConclusionThe risk factors of pancreaticoduodenectomy should be fully recognized and dealt with promptly.

It has been suggested that some unusual molecules and genes might be involved in the development of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) and that drugs targeting specific molecules and genes would selectively kill tumor cells, which have been demonstrated to be more effective approach with less side effect than traditional chemotherapy. However, most of the effective targets of STS are currently not elucidated, and the effects of trial-target therapy are mostly not satisfactory, thus multiple targeting drugs might guide a future direction for tumor therapy.

Taking the modern occupation education concept as the guide,oriented by adapting to the demand of occupation post,we established a new open education mechanism of medical occupation education to promote the reform of personnel training mode,curriculum and teaching content to explore the effective way of the sustainable development of local medical occupation education.

T follicular helper cells(Tfh)possess the function to induce efficient B cell maturation in germinal center (GC).However,HIV infection can destroy the structure of lymphoid follicles,and disturb the quantity and function of Tfh,resulting in the dysfunction of B cells.Meanwhile,HIV may remain dormant in the Tfh after invading host and escape the elimination of immunologic system.Consequently,the Tfh turns into the sanctuary of HIV.By the above mentioned mechanism,HIV infection leads to the progressive damage of CD4 + T lymphocytes, hypergammaglobulinemia and the loss of memory B lymphocytes.