AIM: To establish a method of determining eucalyptol, camphor, menthol and borneol in Ganmaokang Spray. METHODS: GC was conducted on a EC-WAX column(30 m?0.53 mm?1.2 ?m) and naphthalene was adopted as internal standard. RESULTS: Eucalyptol, camphor, menthol and borneol respectively showed a good linear relationship in the following ranges of concentration:0.384 48-0.987 12 mg/mL,0.240 6～(0.561 4 mg/mL,)0.367 56-0.857 6 mg/mL and 0.135 6-0.316 4 mg/mL. The average recoveries were obtained as 98.4%, 98.2%, 98.5% and 98.2%(n=5). CONCLUSION: The method is simple, sensitive, accurate and suitable for the determination of four constituents in Ganmaokang Spray.

Objective To evaluate the hemodynamic changes induced by local infiltration with different concentrations of adrenaline during endoscopic sinus surgery under general anesthesia using impedance cardiography (ICG) .Methods Sixty-nine ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱpatients of both sexes (37 males, 32 females) aged 18-60 yrs undergoing elective endoscopic sinus surgery under general anesthesia were randomized to receive local infiltration of nasal mucous membrane with 4 ml of lidocaine containing 20 ?g (group Ⅰ) or 40?g (group Ⅱ) or no adrenaline (group Ⅲ-control) . Hemodynamic changes were monitored by ICG. MAR, HR, cardiac index (CI), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) and acceleration index (ACI) were recorded before (baseline) and at 0.75, 1.5, 2.25, 3.0, 3.75, 4.5, 5.25 and 6.0 min after local nasal adrenaline infiltration.Results MAP was significantly decreased while HR increased at 1.5 min after adrenaline infiltration as compared to the baseline values in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P

Objective To investigate the ultrasound diagnostic value for nipple discharge disease by comparison with fiberoptic ductoscopy. Methods Fiberoptic ductoscopy and ultrasonic inspection were performed on fifty-seven patients with spontaneous nipple discharge,and the results were analysed. Results In all patients, 55 cases (96. 49 % ) were abnormal in high-frequency ultrasound inspection:27 mammary duct expansion(47.36%),19 occupying lesion with mammary duct expansion or cyst (33.33%),6 cystic echo ( 10. 52% ) ,3 only solid echopattern (5.26%) ,and 2 nothing found (3.51% ). In ultrasonic inspection,color and pulse Doppler signal were found in 7 cases. On the other hand, 26 galactophoritis (45.61%), 12mammary duct ectasia (21.05 %), 17 intraductal papilloma (29.82%), 2 breast carcinoma (3.50%) were diagnosed by fiberoptic ductoscopy. In all 19 cases with occupying lesion,ultrasonography's sensitivity was 52. 63% ,specificity was 89. 47%, misdiagnosis rate was 10. 50%, rate of missed diagnosis was 47.36%.Conclusions To nipple discharge disease, high-frequency ultrasound has high sensitivity, easy to find abnormal indication,but is not accurate enough in the diagnosis of smaller occupying lesion.

Objective Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancer in males .The article was to investigate the expres-sion and clinicopathological significance of VEGF-C mRNA in prostate cancer , finding the molecular marker for early diagnosis and prognosis assessment of prostate cancer . Methods TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) analysis was used to detect the expression of VEGF-C mRNA in 3 prostate cancer cell lines(PC-3, DU145 and LNCap), 32 cases of prostate cancer (Pca) sam-ples and 15 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Analysis was also made on the correlations of VEGF-C mRNA expression, clinicopathological features and prognosis . Results High levels of VEGF-C mRNA were detected in PC-3 ( 153 .31 ±26 .24 ) and DU145(194.62 ±41.36)compared to LNcap(1.00 ±0.00).The expression of VEGF-C mRNA in prostate cancer tissues was 3.43 folds higher than that in the benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues ([13.67 ±1.95] vs [11.89 ±1.63], P=0.004).The high expres-sion of VEGF-C mRNA in prostate cancer was associated with high Gleason score ( P =0.004 ) and lymph node metastasis ( P =0.015).In patients with high expression and low expression of VEGF-C mRNA, the 3-year survival rate was 12.5%and 40.0%re-spectively(P=0.033). Conclusion The VEGF-C mRNA expression may be related to the biological behavior of prostate cancer .It is suggested that VEGF-C mRNA can be used as a prognostic marker for prostate cancer .

Objective To explore the effect of transcription factor E2F1 on the apoptosis of small cell cancer line H446. Methods Plamid vector- mediated E2F1 small hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to silence E2F1 in H446 cell. RT-PCR and western-blot assay were used to detect the expressions of E2F1 and Bcl-2. The apoptosis rate in H446 cell line was detected by flow cytometry assay. Result E2F1 protein was suppressed in shRNA1-modified H446 cell. Sgnificant difference of the apoptosis was shown between E2F1 shRNA1 group and the other two groups. Additionaly, the expression of Bcl-2 protein increased in E2F1 shRNA1-modified cell line. Conclusions E2F1 is highly expressed in H446 small cell lung cancer cell line. E2F1 promotes apoptosis of H446 through upregulating Bcl-2 expression.

Objective To study the effects and mechanism of different administrations of atorvastatin on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) in rats.Methods A total of 160 male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups:sham group,MI/R group,atorvastatin of conventional dose (MI/R + N) group,atorvastatin of preoperative signal loading dose (MI/R+SL) group,and atorvastatin of preoperative continuous loading dose (MI/ R+ML) group.MI/R model was established in the rats.Myocardial infarction size was detected by Evans blue/ TTC staining.The activity of ATPase of cardiac muscle and the levels of serum IL-6 and TNF-α were detected by ELISA.The level of LVEF％ was detected by small animal ultrasound.Results Compared with MI/R+N group,MI/R+ SL and MI/R+ ML groups had significantly smaller myocardial infarction size (P＜0.05),higher activity of ATPase (P＜0.05),lower levels of serum IL-6 andTNF-α (P＜0.05),and more advancedLVEF％ (P＜0.05).However,MI/R+SL group and MI/R+ML group did not differ significantly in the above-mentioned parameters.Conclusion Atorvastatin of loading dose might alleviate MI/R injury by improving ATP metabolism of cardiac muscle and reducing abnormal expressions of inflammation factors.Meanwhile,the administration of preoperative continuous loading dose and preoperative signal loading dose of atorvastatin may not differ in protecting against MI/R injury.

Objective To explore main technical points and clinical efficacy of individualized stepwise multiple embolization treatment for refractory hemoptysis. Methods To retrospectively analyze materials of 103 patients treated by individualized stepwise multiple embolization. According to disease categories, individualized stepwise multiple embolization treatment with polyvinyl alcohol and loaded sodium alginate microspheres as basic embolization agent were performed, after the type, number, abnormal branches, pulmonary circulation and systematic pulmonary shunt of targeted vessels were confirmed through radiography. To judge short(less than 3 months), medium(3 to 6 months) and long term(more than 6 months) efficacy, resolution of hemoptysis after operation were assessed. To evaluate efficacy of individualized stepwise multiple embolization treatment for refractory hemoptysis, Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used. According to the features of target vessels to supply blood, patients were classified into with SPS and without SPS. By using Log-Rank test, the effective rates of one-year were compared between them. Results Out of 103 patients, 215 target vessels were demonstrated, among which individualized stepwise multiple embolization was for 196 target vessels, peripheral embolization for 8 vessels, and main trunk embolization in 11 patients. The visits after operation were made to 103 patients after 6 to 50 months, with the medium of 21 months. Hemoptysis was instantly resolved in 97.1%(100/103). The effective rates were 94.5%,93.2%, 89.7%,88.9%,85.2%and 76.6%for one, three, six months and one, two and three years after operation. In 103 patients, patients with SPS were 22 and without SPS were 81. One-year effective rates with and without SPS were (69.50 ± 0.11)% and (98.30 ± 0.03)% , respectively (χ2=11.662,P<0.01). Conclusion Individualized stepwise multiple embolization treatment shows excellent short-term and mid-long term efficacy in the treatment of refractory hemoptysis.

Objective To assess the psychological characteristics of EORTC QLQ-H&N35 scale,and to explore whether QLQ-H&N35 scale is suitable to measure the qulity of life (QOL) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients.Methods The data of 391 NPC patients from Cancer Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University was collected.Split-half reliability,Cronbach's α coefficient,content validity,construct validity,discriminant validity,and feasibility of QLQ-H&N35 were performed.Person separation index (PSI),the order of item threshold,and differential item functioning were analyzed.Results Cronbach'sα coefficient and split-half reliability of QLQ-H&N35 were higher than 0.7,except for sense parameter.All Test-retest coefficients of QLQ-H&N35 were higher than 0.7.The result of factor analysis showed that the data was consistent with the theoretical model.Most of the domain scores and dimension scores of patients with different radiotherapy stages were significantly different (P ＜ 0.05).PSI of the model was 0.90.Most of the order of item threshold were normal.All the items had no uniform or non-uniform DIF among different genders and age groups.Conclusion QLQ-H&N35 scale is a reliable,operable,and valid disease-specific scale for the evaluation QOL in NPC patients.

Objective To investigate the impact of compliance and quality of life of psychological intervention for cancer patients and their primary caregivers,as well as the correlation between the psychological issues of patients and their primary caregivers.Methods The enrolled patients were randomly divided into intervention group and control group.The patients in intervention group were given to standardize anti-tumor therapy,while the patients and their primary caregivers were given psychological intervention once a week.The patients in the control group only received standard anti-tumor therapy.By TDL determination of quality of life,anxiety rating scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS),in front of the psychological intervention after 8 weeks of intervention,the two groups of patients and their primary caregivers were questionnaired,and recorded the completion of the treatment plan.By SPSS 12.0 software,the statistics were completed.Results 51 cases in intervention group and 38 cases in control group were able to complete the number of people expected to treat there was a statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).TDL determination and quality of life scores in intervention group patients and their primary caregivers were significantly higher (P ＜ 0.05).SAS and SDS score in intervention group patients and their primary caregivers were significantly lower than control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The effective psychological intervention to cancer patients and their primary caregivers during the treatment of patients could improve the compliance of cancer patients,the quality of life of cancer patients and their primary caregivers.The psychological problems between the patients and primary caregivers are positive correlation.

AIM: To investigate the effect of ischemic preconditioning (IP) on myocardial Bcl-2 expression and mitochondrial structure during heart valve replacement surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. METHODS: Fifty-four patients were prospectively randomized to receive or not ischemic preconditioning (IP) before cold cardioplegic arrest. Ischemic preconditioning in the IP patients (n=22) was induced by a single 2-min ischemia followed by 3-min reperfusion just before aortic clamping and cold crystalloid cardioplegia for myocardial protection. The control group (n=32) received no ischemic preconditioning before cold cardioplegic arrest. The levels of ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening(FS) and stroke volume (SV) in both groups were measured and compared. troponin T (c-TnT) level, Bcl-2 protein expression and microscopic changes of myocardial mitochondrial structure were recorded for each group before and after surgery. RESULTS: The level of EF, FS and SV in IP group was higher than those in control group (P<0.05). No significant difference in preoperative c-TnT levels between two groups was observed. The level of c-TnT in IP group was lower than that in control group and with a declining trend over time of 6 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 5 d after surgery, respectively. The preoperative positive unit of Bcl-2 expression between two groups showed no statistical difference (P> 0.05). Postoperatively, the positive unit of Bcl-2 expression in IP group was 19.85±5.88, significantly increased as compared to the preoperative value (P<0.05). In control group, the positive unit of Bcl-2 expression was 14.17±3.39, showed no statistically significant difference to the preoperative value (P>0.05). Postoperative Bcl-2 expression between two groups showed a significant difference (P<0.05). In the control group, microscopic observation revealed swollen mitochondrion, with a hardly visible or disrupted membrane for some mitochondrion;mitochondrial crista were obviously dissolved and loose with a large number of vacuoles formation. However in IP group, myocardial mitochondrion appeared with intact membrane, concentrated mitochondrial cristae with high electron density and no vacuoles formation was observed. CONCLUSION: IP may up-regulate the expression of myocardial anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 to protect the mitochondrion, thus protecting cardiocytes and cardiac functions.