AIM: To establish a method of determining eucalyptol, camphor, menthol and borneol in Ganmaokang Spray. METHODS: GC was conducted on a EC-WAX column(30 m?0.53 mm?1.2 ?m) and naphthalene was adopted as internal standard. RESULTS: Eucalyptol, camphor, menthol and borneol respectively showed a good linear relationship in the following ranges of concentration:0.384 48-0.987 12 mg/mL,0.240 6～(0.561 4 mg/mL,)0.367 56-0.857 6 mg/mL and 0.135 6-0.316 4 mg/mL. The average recoveries were obtained as 98.4%, 98.2%, 98.5% and 98.2%(n=5). CONCLUSION: The method is simple, sensitive, accurate and suitable for the determination of four constituents in Ganmaokang Spray.

Objective To evaluate the hemodynamic changes induced by local infiltration with different concentrations of adrenaline during endoscopic sinus surgery under general anesthesia using impedance cardiography (ICG) .Methods Sixty-nine ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱpatients of both sexes (37 males, 32 females) aged 18-60 yrs undergoing elective endoscopic sinus surgery under general anesthesia were randomized to receive local infiltration of nasal mucous membrane with 4 ml of lidocaine containing 20 ?g (group Ⅰ) or 40?g (group Ⅱ) or no adrenaline (group Ⅲ-control) . Hemodynamic changes were monitored by ICG. MAR, HR, cardiac index (CI), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) and acceleration index (ACI) were recorded before (baseline) and at 0.75, 1.5, 2.25, 3.0, 3.75, 4.5, 5.25 and 6.0 min after local nasal adrenaline infiltration.Results MAP was significantly decreased while HR increased at 1.5 min after adrenaline infiltration as compared to the baseline values in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P

Objective To study the effects and mechanism of different administrations of atorvastatin on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) in rats.Methods A total of 160 male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups:sham group,MI/R group,atorvastatin of conventional dose (MI/R + N) group,atorvastatin of preoperative signal loading dose (MI/R+SL) group,and atorvastatin of preoperative continuous loading dose (MI/ R+ML) group.MI/R model was established in the rats.Myocardial infarction size was detected by Evans blue/ TTC staining.The activity of ATPase of cardiac muscle and the levels of serum IL-6 and TNF-α were detected by ELISA.The level of LVEF％ was detected by small animal ultrasound.Results Compared with MI/R+N group,MI/R+ SL and MI/R+ ML groups had significantly smaller myocardial infarction size (P＜0.05),higher activity of ATPase (P＜0.05),lower levels of serum IL-6 andTNF-α (P＜0.05),and more advancedLVEF％ (P＜0.05).However,MI/R+SL group and MI/R+ML group did not differ significantly in the above-mentioned parameters.Conclusion Atorvastatin of loading dose might alleviate MI/R injury by improving ATP metabolism of cardiac muscle and reducing abnormal expressions of inflammation factors.Meanwhile,the administration of preoperative continuous loading dose and preoperative signal loading dose of atorvastatin may not differ in protecting against MI/R injury.

Objective To investigate the ultrasound diagnostic value for nipple discharge disease by comparison with fiberoptic ductoscopy. Methods Fiberoptic ductoscopy and ultrasonic inspection were performed on fifty-seven patients with spontaneous nipple discharge,and the results were analysed. Results In all patients, 55 cases (96. 49 % ) were abnormal in high-frequency ultrasound inspection:27 mammary duct expansion(47.36%),19 occupying lesion with mammary duct expansion or cyst (33.33%),6 cystic echo ( 10. 52% ) ,3 only solid echopattern (5.26%) ,and 2 nothing found (3.51% ). In ultrasonic inspection,color and pulse Doppler signal were found in 7 cases. On the other hand, 26 galactophoritis (45.61%), 12mammary duct ectasia (21.05 %), 17 intraductal papilloma (29.82%), 2 breast carcinoma (3.50%) were diagnosed by fiberoptic ductoscopy. In all 19 cases with occupying lesion,ultrasonography's sensitivity was 52. 63% ,specificity was 89. 47%, misdiagnosis rate was 10. 50%, rate of missed diagnosis was 47.36%.Conclusions To nipple discharge disease, high-frequency ultrasound has high sensitivity, easy to find abnormal indication,but is not accurate enough in the diagnosis of smaller occupying lesion.

Objective Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancer in males .The article was to investigate the expres-sion and clinicopathological significance of VEGF-C mRNA in prostate cancer , finding the molecular marker for early diagnosis and prognosis assessment of prostate cancer . Methods TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) analysis was used to detect the expression of VEGF-C mRNA in 3 prostate cancer cell lines(PC-3, DU145 and LNCap), 32 cases of prostate cancer (Pca) sam-ples and 15 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Analysis was also made on the correlations of VEGF-C mRNA expression, clinicopathological features and prognosis . Results High levels of VEGF-C mRNA were detected in PC-3 ( 153 .31 ±26 .24 ) and DU145(194.62 ±41.36)compared to LNcap(1.00 ±0.00).The expression of VEGF-C mRNA in prostate cancer tissues was 3.43 folds higher than that in the benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues ([13.67 ±1.95] vs [11.89 ±1.63], P=0.004).The high expres-sion of VEGF-C mRNA in prostate cancer was associated with high Gleason score ( P =0.004 ) and lymph node metastasis ( P =0.015).In patients with high expression and low expression of VEGF-C mRNA, the 3-year survival rate was 12.5%and 40.0%re-spectively(P=0.033). Conclusion The VEGF-C mRNA expression may be related to the biological behavior of prostate cancer .It is suggested that VEGF-C mRNA can be used as a prognostic marker for prostate cancer .

Objective To explore the effect of transcription factor E2F1 on the apoptosis of small cell cancer line H446. Methods Plamid vector- mediated E2F1 small hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to silence E2F1 in H446 cell. RT-PCR and western-blot assay were used to detect the expressions of E2F1 and Bcl-2. The apoptosis rate in H446 cell line was detected by flow cytometry assay. Result E2F1 protein was suppressed in shRNA1-modified H446 cell. Sgnificant difference of the apoptosis was shown between E2F1 shRNA1 group and the other two groups. Additionaly, the expression of Bcl-2 protein increased in E2F1 shRNA1-modified cell line. Conclusions E2F1 is highly expressed in H446 small cell lung cancer cell line. E2F1 promotes apoptosis of H446 through upregulating Bcl-2 expression.

Objective To explore the effect of chitosan on vascular smooth muscle cells inhibited proliferation from rabbit arteriovenous fistula and its mechanisms.Methods Established rabbit fistula model on carotid arteryinternal jugular vein.After 1 month cultured VSMCs with primary culture by tissue-pieces inoculation.Cultured VSMCs were divided into three groups:①normal control group.②FBS-treated group:cell were treated with 5％,10％,20％ for 48 h,respectively; established the model of rabbit VSMCs proliferation.③chitosan-treated group:VSMCs cultured with 20％ FBS were exposed to different doses of chitosan(10,100,500,1000,2000μg/ml) for 48 h.And VSMCs were treated for different time (0,12,24,48 h) with Chitosan 1000 μg/ml.Expression levels of PCNA and TLR4/ NF-κB were detected by Western blotting.RT-PCR were applied to measure the mRNA expression of PCNA and TLR4.The protein levels of TLR4 and NF-κB were detected by immunofluorescence.Results Compared with low concentration serum group,FBS-treated VSMCs exhibited a increase in mRNA and protein expression of PCNA and TLR4.FBS-induced protein expression of PCNA and TLR4/NF-κB were reduced by chitosan.Also mRNA expression of PCNA and TLR4 were reduced.They were dependent on concentration and time.In rabbit VSMCs TLR4 was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm and NF-κB expressed mainly in the nucleus.Compared with normal control group,TLR4 and NF-κB protein expression were significantly decreased by chitosan.Conclusion High concentration serum induced VSMCs proliferation.Chitosan can inhibit the proliferation of rabbit VSMCs.It is speculated that the mechanism may be related to the expression of TLR4 receptor activation,reducing expression of downstream factor MyD88 and NF-κB.It is suggest that chitosan can become potential new drugs of arteriovenous fistula prevention of intimal hyperplasia.

Objective To compare the diagnostic value of DSA with that of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI for postoperative recurrent tiny hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) lesions.Methods The clinical data of a total of 38 patients,who were admitted to authors' hospital during the period from September 2011 to March 2016 as clinically they were suspected to have postoperative recurrent tiny HCC lesions,were retrospectively analyzed.DSA,DSA plus lipiodol CT scan and Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI were performed in all patients.The positive and negative diagnosis rates were compared among different examination methods,the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were calculated.The imaging diagnosis of each patient was made by two associationchief radiologists independently,both the pathological findings from surgery or puncture biopsy and the 6-month follow-up results were taken as the final diagnosis basis.Results A total of 47 lesions were detected in the 38 patients.The diameter of the lesions was 0.5-2.0 cm,with an average of (1.2+0.8) cm.Of the 47 lesions,41 were proved to be recurrent tiny HCC lesions.Among the 41 lesions,22 had pathological evidence,and the remaining 19 lesions were confirmed through clinical follow-up.Six lesions were non-HCC focus,which were proved by clinical follow-up.For all lesions,the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 72.2％ and 80.0％ respectively by conventional DSA,which were 90.2％ and 100％ respectively by DSA plus lipiodol CT scan,and were 95.1％ and 100％ respectively by Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI.Statistical analysis indicated that significant differences in diagnostic sensitivity and specificity existed between conventional DSA and DSA plus lipiodol CT scan as well as between conventional DSA and Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI (P＜0.05),while the differences in diagnostic sensitivity and specificity between DSA plus lipiodol CT scan and Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI were not statistically significant (P＞0.05).Conclusion For the detection of postoperative recurrent tiny HCC lesions,DSA plus lipiodol CT scan has quite the same diagnostic value as Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI does.For patients who are not suitable to receive MRI examination,the use of DSA plus lipiodol CT scan,as an alternative means of inspection,should be taken into consideration.

AIM: To investigate the effect of ischemic preconditioning (IP) on myocardial Bcl-2 expression and mitochondrial structure during heart valve replacement surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. METHODS: Fifty-four patients were prospectively randomized to receive or not ischemic preconditioning (IP) before cold cardioplegic arrest. Ischemic preconditioning in the IP patients (n=22) was induced by a single 2-min ischemia followed by 3-min reperfusion just before aortic clamping and cold crystalloid cardioplegia for myocardial protection. The control group (n=32) received no ischemic preconditioning before cold cardioplegic arrest. The levels of ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening(FS) and stroke volume (SV) in both groups were measured and compared. troponin T (c-TnT) level, Bcl-2 protein expression and microscopic changes of myocardial mitochondrial structure were recorded for each group before and after surgery. RESULTS: The level of EF, FS and SV in IP group was higher than those in control group (P<0.05). No significant difference in preoperative c-TnT levels between two groups was observed. The level of c-TnT in IP group was lower than that in control group and with a declining trend over time of 6 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 5 d after surgery, respectively. The preoperative positive unit of Bcl-2 expression between two groups showed no statistical difference (P> 0.05). Postoperatively, the positive unit of Bcl-2 expression in IP group was 19.85±5.88, significantly increased as compared to the preoperative value (P<0.05). In control group, the positive unit of Bcl-2 expression was 14.17±3.39, showed no statistically significant difference to the preoperative value (P>0.05). Postoperative Bcl-2 expression between two groups showed a significant difference (P<0.05). In the control group, microscopic observation revealed swollen mitochondrion, with a hardly visible or disrupted membrane for some mitochondrion;mitochondrial crista were obviously dissolved and loose with a large number of vacuoles formation. However in IP group, myocardial mitochondrion appeared with intact membrane, concentrated mitochondrial cristae with high electron density and no vacuoles formation was observed. CONCLUSION: IP may up-regulate the expression of myocardial anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 to protect the mitochondrion, thus protecting cardiocytes and cardiac functions.

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of transurethral resection of cystitis after gynecological cystitis after transurethral resection of bladder,and to observe the effect on patients' anxiety(SAS)and quality of life index(QOL).Methods The clinical data of 62 patients with cystitis glandularis admitted to hospital from January 2011 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.The control group was treated with plasma ablation alone,with plasmakinetic resection of Kangfuxin liquid combined with gemcitabine intravesical therapy as the treatment group,31 cases in each group.Statistics of two groups of patients with clinical efficacy,followed up for 12 months,and the anxiety self-rating scale(SAS)was used to evaluate the anxiety of the two groups before and after treatment,QOL was used to evaluate the quality of life before and after treatment in two groups of patients.The recurrence rate of two groups were recorded.Results After treatment,the effective rate of the treatment group was 80.65％,slightly higher than the control group 77.42％,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),the SAS score in the treatment group was slightly higher than before treatment,but the difference was not statistically significant,the SAS score in the control group was significantly lower than before treatment,after treatment between the groups,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The QOL index of the treatment group decreased slightly after treatment,but the difference was not statistically significant.The QOL index of the treatment group decreased significantly after treatment,and compared between the two groups after treatment,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Follow-up of 12 months,the relapse rate in the treatment group was 11.11％,slightly lower than the control group 18.75％,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Compared to pure plasmapheresis,the use of postoperative intravesical instillation of bladder irrigation with the same effect,but the latter may increase the degree of anxiety in patients,thus affecting the quality of life of patients,so for the non-mandatory use of drugs treatment,surgery may be given priority to surgery alone.