Most main oilfields in China have already entered a "double high" development stage (high water cut, high recovery degree). To further enhance oil recovery in reservoirs after polymer flooding (RAPFs), an efficient activator formulation for promoting metabolism of endogenous microorganism was studied by aerogenic experiments, physical simulation experiments, electron microscopy scanning and pyrophosphate sequencing. Results show that the activator could activate the endogenous microorganisms in the injected water and make the pressurized gas reach 2 MPa after 60 d static culture of the activator in a high pressure vessel. The oil recovery efficiency of natural core physical simulation flooding can be improved by more than 3.0% (OOIP) in RAPFs when injected 0.35 PV activator with 1.8% mass concentration, and a lot of growth and reproduction of activated endogenous microorganism in the core was observed by electron microscopy scanning. Field trial with 1 injector and 4 producers was carried out in the east of south II block of Sa Nan in December 2011. By monitoring four effective production wells, changes of carbon isotope δ13C (PDB) content of methane and carbon dioxide were -45 per thousand to -54 per thousand and 7 per thousand to 12 per thousand. Compared with east II of Sa Nan block, the oil amount increased by 35.9%, water cut stabled at 94%. The incremental oil was 5 957 t during the three and a half years, which provides an alternative approach for further improving oil recovery in similar reservoirs.
Carbon Dioxide ; chemistry ; Carbon Isotopes ; analysis ; China ; Diphosphates ; chemistry ; Methane ; chemistry ; Oil and Gas Fields ; microbiology ; Polymers ; Water ; Water Microbiology

Objective To evaluate the role of autophagy in HL-1 cardiomyocyte injury induced by lipopolysaccharide( LPS).Methods Primary cultured HL-1 cardiomyocytes were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n =15each): normal control group( group C),LPS group,rapamycin( a autophagy inducer) group( group R) and 3-MA(a autophagy inhibitor) group.In group C cardiomyocytes were cultured continuously for 24 h.In group LPS cardiomyocytes were incubated with LPS (final concentration 1 μg/ml) for 24 h.In groups R and 3-MA,rapamycin and 3-MA was given 48 h before LPS (final concentration 1 μg/ml) incubation with final concentration of 0.2 μg/ml and 10 mmol/L respectively.The lipidated microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 Ⅱ (LC3 Ⅱ ) expression,mitochondrial membrane potential,autophagosome number and optical density of mitochondria were determined,and ultrastructure of mitochondria was observed at 4 h of LPS incubation.Apoptosis rate and Caspase-3 activity were determined at 24 h of LPS incubation.Results LPS significantly increased LC3 Ⅱ expression,autophagosome number,optical density of mitochondria,apoptosis rate and Caspase-3 activity,decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in group LPS as compared with group C ( P ＜ 0.05).The LC3 Ⅱ expression,autophagosome number and mitochondrial membrane potential were higher,optical density of mitochondria,apoptosis rate and Caspase-3 activity lower in group R than in group LPS( P ＜ 0.05).The LC3 Ⅱ expression,autophagosome number and mitochondrial membrane potential were lower,optical density of mitochondria,apoptosis rate and Caspase-3 activity higher in group 3-MA than in group LPS (P ＜ 0.05).Mitochondrial histopathologic injury was reduced in group R and aggravated in group 3-MA as compared with group LPS.Conclusion Autophagy can reduce LPS-induced HL-1 cardiomyocyte injury by improving mitochondrial function and inhibiting apoptosis.

Objective On the basis of developing a new animal model for oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb) injection into subarachnoid space in mice, this research was to explore the temporal dependence and spatial distribution of OxyHb- induced apoptosis in the mouse brain cells in vivo and the mechanism of neurocyte injury induced by OxyHb. Methods The animal model for OxyHb injection into subarachnoid space in mice was developed. Mice were divided randomly into the experimental group (n=40) and the control group (n= 35). The control group received saline injection (50 μL ) and the experimental group received OxyHb injection (50 μL ), both into the subarachnoid space. The mice of the two groups were subdivided according to different postoperative time (3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h). The apoptosis or necrosis of cells was distinguished with microscopy (HE staining), transmission electron microscopy and TUNEL method. Results The distribution of apoptosis was mainly in the ipsilateral neocortex and bilateral hippocampal gyrus. The apoptotic mouse brain cells showed morphological changes in the experimental group by HE staining and transmission electron microscopy. The count of TUNEL-positive cells showed substantial increase in the experimental group, and there was a significant difference between the control and experimental groups, and the number of OxyHb- induced apoptotic cells decreased with time. Conclusion OxyHb in subarachnoid space in mice can induce apoptasis, but not necrosis of mouse brain cells in viro. The apoptotic brain cells show the pattern of temporal dependence and spatial distribution. It is suggested that the early treatment should be the method of first choice for treating the hemorrhagic brain injury.

Objective To investigate the expression and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2), its upstream molecule, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and downstream transcription factor, Ets-like protein 1 (ELK-1), in lesions of psoriasis vulgaris, and to evaluate the relationship between ERK pathway and psoriasis vulgaris. Methods Tissue samples were obtained from the lesions of 40 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and normal skin of 20 normal human controls. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were performed to detect the expressions of phosphorylated ERK1/2, EGFR and ELK-1 in the tissue samples.Results As immunohistochemistry showed, the integrated optical density (IOD) of p-ERK1/2, p-EGFR and p-ELK-1 was 269.85 ± 57.96, 136.88 ± 30.33 and 237.61 ± 56.29 respectively in the psoriatic lesions, significantly higher than that in the normal controls ( 140.24 ± 24.42, 110.66 ± 28.99 and 119.04 ± 21.99, respectively, all P ＜ 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between the expression of p-EGFR and p-ERK1/2(r = 0.57, P ＜ 0.05) and between that of p-ERK1/2 and p-ELK-1 (r=0.72,P＜0.05) in psoriatic lesions.Conclusion The enhanced signal transduction through phosphorylated EGFR→ERK1/2→ELK-1 pathway may play a certain role in the pathophysiological process of psoriasis vulgaris.

To observe the efficacy of herbs for calming liver and suppressing liver-yang in treatment of migraine patients with hyperactivity of liver-yang syndrome and to investigate its effects on the lymphocyte protein expression. This approach may lay a foundation for the further investigation of pathogenic mechanisms in migraine with hyperactive liver-yang syndrome and the curative mechanisms of calming liver and suppressing liver-yang treatment.

Objective To study the differential diagnosis o n cerebral concussion and mild cerebral contusion value of the brain type creati n e kinase isoenzyme(CK-BB),and evaluate the seriousness of brain damage and prog nosis of the patients with acute head injury.Methods Chromatographic separating and fluorometric quant ifying technique was used to detect the CK-BB activity in the cerebrospinal flu id(CSF) of 117 patients with acute head injury and 12 patients with increased in tracranial pressure and 20 normal people.Results The CSF-CK-BB activity of the patients with acu te head injury was remarkably higher than that of the normal people and the CSF -CK-BB activity increased with the seriousness of brain damage.There was a clo se relationship between CSF-CK-BB activity and prognosis,and higher activity o f CSF-CK-BB indicated poor prognosis.Conclusion CSF-CK -BB activity could be used as a new index to diagnose brain damage and evaluate the seriousness of brain damage and prognosis.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic performance of Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampin (Xpert MTB/RIF) assay for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Methods:Clinical data of 226 patients with AIDS and suspected pulmonary TB in Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University from July 2017 to November 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Fluorescence staining microscopy of sputum smear, BACTEC MGIT 960 liquid culture (or Roche solid culture) and Xpert MTB/RIF assay were implemented respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF in the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection and rifampin resistance were analyzed. Results:Totally 226 patients of suspected pulmonary TB were enrolled. There were 94(41.6%) patients had positive mycobacterium culture, in which 51 (54.3%) were MTB and 43 (45.7%) were nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Using the positive MTB culture of sputum and mycobacterial protein from BCG of Rm 0.64 in electrophoresis (MPB64) as reference standard, the sensitivity and specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF assay for MTB diagnosis were 72.6%(95% confidence interval ( CI) 66.7%-78.4%) and 97.1% (95% CI 95.0%-99.3%), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF assay for MTB diagnosis in patients with positive sputum smear were 76.7%(95% CI 67.7%-85.8%) and 90.0(95% CI 83.6%-96.5%), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF assay for MTB diagnosis in patients with negative sputum smear were 50.0%(95% CI 41.8%-58.2%)and 99.3%(95% CI 97.9%-100.0%), respectively. With phenotypic resistance as reference standard, the sensitivity and specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF assay for rifampicin resistance were 75.0% and 100.0%, respectively. Conclusion:Among AIDS patients, the performance of Xpert MTB/RIF assay for pulmonary TB diagnosis is pretty good and could differentiate MTB from NTM rapidly, which has good application value.

Aging is a process of degenerative change that occurs as a result of time-related accumulation,associated with age-related diseases.Understanding the causes and mechanisms of aging and finding drugs that can effectively delay aging and prevent and cure age-related diseases currently present a great challenge for humans.Aging animal models thus represent an important tool in aging research,and various aging animal models have been created using different aging mechanisms.These different models having specific advantages and disadvantages,making them suitable for different research purposes.This review considers aging rodent models to provide information for aging research.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of remimazolam combined with alfentanil for gastroscopy in frail elderly patients.Methods:Sixty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ elderly patients, aged 65-85 yr, with body mass index of 18-30 kg/m 2, of Clinical Frailty Scale score≥5, scheduled for elective painless gastroscopy, were divided into 2 groups ( n=30 each) using a random number table method: remimazolam combined with alfentanil group (group R) and propofol combined with remifentanil group (group P). A combination of alfentanil 10 μg/kg and remimazolam 0.2 mg/kg was intravenously injected until loss of consciousness in group R. Remifentanil 0.5 μg/kg combined with propofol 1.0-2.0 mg/kg was intravenously injected until loss of consciousness in group P. According to the intraoperative conditions, 1/4 of the initial dose of remimazolam was intravenously injected in group R, and 1/4 of the initial dose of propofol was intravenously injected in group P. The time for gastroscopy, requirement for additional remimazolam or propofol, onset time of anesthesia, emergence time and time of post-anesthesia care unit stay were recorded.Physician′s satisfaction scores, patient′s satisfaction scores and Verbal Pain Scale scores were recorded.The occurrence of injection pain, respiratory depression, bradycardia, hypotension and nausea and vomit was recorded. Results:There was no significant difference in the requirement for additional remimazolam or propofol, onset time of anesthesia, time for gastroscopy, physician′s satisfaction scores, and patient′s satisfaction scores, Verbal Pain Scale scores and incidence of nausea and vomit between two groups ( P>0.05). Compared with P group, the emergence time and time of post-anesthesia care unit stay were significantly shortened, and the incidence of injection pain (0 vs.33%), respiratory depression (0 vs.20%), hypotension (3% vs.23%) and bradycardia (3% vs.23%) was decreased in R group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Remimazolam combined with alfentanil is safe and effective, with rapid recovery from anesthesia, and provides better efficacy than the combination of propofol and remifentanil when used for gastroscopy in frail elderly patients.

Objective: The purpose is to investigate the validity of a surgical technique that utilizes autologous costal cartilage grafts in primary rhinoplasty for female patients. Methods: From July 2015 to July 2017, 137 cases received primary rhinoplasty with various types of grafts originated from autologous costal cartilage to correct the unpleasant nasal appearances including low dorsum, poorly defined nasal tip and wide alar base. Results: With 6 to 36 months follow-up, six patients(4.3%) exhibited noticeable changes in nasal contour due to graft warping. Revision surgeries were commenced to correct those minor deformities, resulting in satisfactory outcome.All other cases presented significant improvements of the nasal appearance. Conclusions Autologous costal cartilage is a good source for primary rhinoplasty cases.