Objective:To study the the correlation between the diameter or angle of thoracic-lumber pedicle and vertebral number.Method:X-ray and CT scan were performed on 46 male spine specimens.The length of pediele screw path,the cress-section angle(e) and the sagittal angle(f) of the pedicle,the width of the inner diameter of the pediele and the distance between the two pedicles were measured.The ordinal number of T1-L5 vertebral segment was numbered by 1-17.SPSS 11.5 software was used for statistical analysis.Result:The data showed a positive linear correlation with the vertebral numbers including length of T1-L4 pedicle screw path (R2=0.716),T8-L5 pedicle width (R2=0.673),T4-L5 pedicle distances (R2=0.771),T1-T2 f-angle (R2=0.767) ,T2-T4 f-angle (R2=0.908),T12-L5 pediele e-angle (R2=0.710).The negative linear correlation with thevertebral numbers included T2-T3 pedicle width(R2=0.792),T1-T4 pedicle distances(R2=0.866),T7-L5 f-an-gle(R2=0.931),T1-T6 pedicle e-angle (R2=0.774).However,the T1-T2 and T4-T7 pediele width,the T4-T6 pediele f-angle,as well as the T6-T12 pedicle e-angle had no significant correlation with the vertebral num-bers.Conclusion:Apart from the T1-T2 and T4-T7 pedicle width,the T4-T6 pedicle f-angle and the T6-T12 pedicle e-angle,the diameter or angle of the thoracic-lumbar pedicle have correlation with the vertebral numbers with meaningful linear regression equation.

Objective To explore the effect of active resistance exercise therapy on patients with chronic neck pain. Methods 39 femalepatients with neck pain more than 6 months were recruited in treatment group and received active resistance exercise therapy. 21 healthywomen were recruited in control group without any treatment. They were assessed with cervical curve (C2-7 Cobb's angle), CT attenuationvalue of cervical back muscle, neck muscular strength and endurance and visual analog scale (VAS) before and 12 months after treatment.Results Compared with the control group, the cervical curve of the treatment group was obviously less (P<0.05) and there was no significantdifference pre- and post-treatment P>0.05). The CT attenuation value of cervical back muscle was obviously less in the elder controlsthan in the middle aged ones (P<0.05); and was obviously less in the treatment group than in the controls (P<0.05), and not improved aftertreatment (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, neck muscular strength and endurance of the treatment group were obviously less (P<0.05), and improved after treatment (P<0.05). The score of VAS lowered 1 and 12 months after treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion Active resistanceexercise therapy can obviously improve neck muscular strength and endurance and relieve neck pain.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the pedicle and the transverse process in the thoracic and lumbar verte-brae. Methods 111antertior-posterior images of the lumbar vertebra and 111antertior-posterior images of the thoracic vertebra were chosen and lines were drawn between two pedicle centers of the same segment. The transverse process was divided into 4 equal parts by horizontal lines. The corresponding study was performed on the relationship between the pedicle and the transverse pro cess. Results Most of the T1～T2 pedicles corresponded to the midline of the transverse process. A large number of the T3～T11 pedicles corresponded to the upper 1/3 of the transverse process and the others corresponded to the upper margin, upper 1/4 or the midline of the transverse process. Most of the T12 pedicles corresponded to the upper margin of the transverse process. A large number of the L1, L2 and L5 pedicles corresponded to the upper 1/3 of the transverse process. A large number of the L3 and L4 pedicles corresponded to the midline of the transverse process. Conclusion The thoracic and lumbar pedicles have a multiform corresponding relationship with the transverse process.

This paper reviewed the thoracolumbar pedicle screw internal fixation,including operation,instruments,image guided navigation,robot navigation,electrophysiological monitoring and integrated applications of various methods.It suggested that traditional implantation of thoracolumbar pedicle screw were widely used,computer-assisted navigation is being accepted by more and more surgeons,MR can make special image of the tissue being drilled by the probe tip during operation.However,being expensive,it is difficult for MRI navigation to be popularized.

Patients with spinal cord injury(SCI)required higher level of quality of life(QOL),in fact,the disorder of lower limbs motion is the major factor which restricted the independence of social involvement.Routine rehabilitation training,lower extremity orthosis,functional electrical stimulation(FES)and the combined application of those are still the widely used approaches.Meanwhile,the auto-nerve transferring and auto-tendon operation are also the fields that researchers focus on.In practice,we have to choose proper method individually according to the patients' conditions to restore the lower limbs function,so as to improve the QOL.

The advance of the modern science and technology provides some new approaches,such as brain-computer interface(BCI),neuroprothesis,rehabilitation robots,body-weight supported treadmill training(BWST),etc.In practice,the advantages and disadvantages of those approaches manifest more and more,and the combination of them is the trend.It is necessary to choose proper method individually.

Objective To compare clinical outcomes of percutaneous endoscopic lumber discectomy ( PELD ) versus minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion ( Mis-TLIF ) under the Quadrant system in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation. Methods From January 2010 to December 2013, 60 patients with lumbar disc herniation and failed to conservative treatment were enrolled in this study.According to the random number table, the patients were divided into two groups, with 30 patients in each group.There were no significant differences in age, gender, segment of disease, clinical diagnosis, and imaging results between the two groups (P >0.05).The surgery of PELD under the TESSYS endoscopic system or Mis-TLIF under the Quadrant system was performed by a same surgical team.Follow-up was conducted for 12-24 months (mean, 16.2 months).The operation time, blood loss, hospital stay, visual analogue scores (VAS) for back and leg pain, Oswestry disability index (ODI), Japanese Orthopaedic Association ( JOA ) scores, MacNab criteria, and complications were compared between the two groups. Results As compared with the Mis-TLIF group, the PELD group had significantly shorter operation time [(72.0 ±18.7) min vs. (137.0 ±48.3) min, t=-6.857, P=0.000], less intraoperative blood loss [(28.0 ±14.7) ml vs.(314.0 ±13.6) ml, t=-11.831, P=0.000], and shorter hospitalization stay [(4.0 ±1.0) d vs.(10.0 ±3.0) d, t=-9.298, P=0.000].The scores of VAS of back and leg pain at 2 weeks and 3 months postoperation in the PELD group was lower than the Mis-TLIF group (P<0.05). The scores of ODI and JOA at 3 and 12 months postoperation in the PELD group were superior to the Mis-TLIF group (P<0.05).No significant difference was recorded in the MacNab criteria at 12 months postoperation between the two groups (P>0.05).There wasno significant difference in complication rate between the two groups. Conclusions Both PELD and Mis-TLIF are safe and effective for lumbar disc herniation.PELD has smaller incision, shorter operation time, and less blood loss as compared with Mis-TLIF.

Objective To study the changes of the expression of adhesion molecules on peripheral blood CD34+ cells during recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor(rhG-CSF) mobilization,and to study the influence of rhG-CSF on donors.Methods Fifteen healthy blood donors were subcutaneously injected with rhG-CSF(10?g?kg-1?d-1)for 4 to 6 days.The expressions of very late antigen 5(VLA-5,CD49e) and L-selectin(CD62L) on CD34+ cells were examined by flow cytometry before mobilization,the fourth day during mobilization and the seventh day after mobilization.Results The percentage of CD34+ cells,especially CD34+CD49e+ cells,increased significantly during mobilization,reaching the peak on the forth day,but declined to normal level when the mobilization stopped.The percentage of CD34+CD62L+ cells didn't show any significant change during the mobilization.Conclusion rhG-CSF could increase the percentage of CD34+CD49e+ cells in peripheral blood,but the percentage was reduced one week after the mobilization.rhG-CSF doesn't affect the percentage of CD34+CD62L+ cells.

OBJECTIVE To study the constituent ratio of the pathogentic bacteria of the newborn omphlitis and their resistance.METHODS The bacteria were identified by ATB-Expression system and antibiotic susceptibility tests.RESULTS Of the specimens in 153 cases,there were 136 positive strains(88.9%).From high to low,Staphylococcus aureus occupied 26.5%,S.epidermidis occupied 16.2%,S.haemolyticus occupied 13.2%,Klebsiella pneumoniae occupied 13.2%,and Escherichia coli occupied 9.6%.Piperacillin/tazobactam,vancomycin,meropenem and imipenem had low drug resistance(2.0%) that doctors could choose the drugs according to pathogenic bacteria.MRSA occupied 13.9%,MRCNS occupied 73.2%.E.coli and K.penumoniae of ESBLs accounted for 21.4% and 44.4%.CONCLUSIONS The main pathogentic bacteria of the newborn omphlitis are S.aureus,S.epidermidis,S.haemolyticus,and K.pneumoniae.Doctors select the antibiotics according to the results of susceptibility test.It is necessary to advise how attend to the newborn in order to decrease the newborn omphlitis.