Proton pump inhibitors are H+ /K+-ATPase inhibitors, which can efficiently inhibit gastric acid secretion for a long time. As the latest inhibitory gastric acid drugs, proton pump inhibitors are the best choices for acid-related diseases such as gastroe-sophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcer and gastrointestinal lesions caused by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Proton pump inhibi-tors have significant inhibition to basal gastric acid, night gastric acid and gastric acid secretion caused by gastrin and food stimulation. This article reviewed the pharmacokinetic characteristics of five proton pump inhibitors in domestic market.

Aim To investigate the effect of SA on induction of ERK1/2 activity in rat pulmonary smooth muscle cells(PASMCs).Methods Western blot analysis was employed to identify the activation of ERK1/2 stimulated by SA at different time points and concentrations in cultured rat PASMCs.Results An unexpected observation showed that ERK1/2 phosphorylation was seen after treatment of SA for 2h at a high concentration(30 ?mol?L-1) but not at lower concentration(from 1 nmol?L-1 to 1 ?mol?L-1).Activation of ERK1/2 pathway could be inhibited by an ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 or a protein kinase A(PKA) activator isoproterenol.Conclusion Together,these results suggest that SA has a strong dual regulating effect upon ERK1/2 through PKC and/or PKA pathways in rat PASMCs.

Aim To test the contribution of 15-HETE on expression of KV1.5 channel under hypoxia condition,using CDC or NDGA to block 15-LO/15-HETE,and to observe the effect of hypoxia on KV1.5 channel protein,mRNA expressions in cultured rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells(PASMCs)and pulmonary arterials(PAs).Methods Western blot,RT-PCR and 15-LO blockers,cinnamyl 3,4-dihydroxy-[alpha]-cyanocinnamate(CDC)or nordihydroguiairetic acid(NDGA)were used to identify the role of endogenous 15-HETE on expression of KV1.5 channel in cultured rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells(PASMCs)and PAs.Results(1)The expressions of KV1.5 channel protein and mRNA in PASMCs and PAs preteated with CDC or NDGA greatly increased than those of PASMCs under hypoxia group.(2)Exogenous 15-HETE added to PASMCs pretreated with CDC or NDGA greatly decreased the expression of KV1.5 than that of adding PASMCs pretreated with CDC or NDGA under hypoxia condition.Conclusion The down-regulation of KV1.5 channel expression caused by hypoxia is through endogenous 15-HETE.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of cryptoporus polysaccharide(CP)on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)in human lung epithelial A549 cells.

METHODSA549 cells were stimulated with LPS in the presence or absence of CP. The protein concentration and mRNA expression of MCP-1 were determined by enzyme-linked-immunosobent assay(ELISA)and semi-quantitative RT-PCR, respectively.

RESULTThe protein concentration of MCP-1 was significantly increased by LPS 1000 microg/L at 24 h. There were no effects on the growth and viability of A549 cells in the presence of CP 100 microg/L or dexamethasone 1 mumol/L. However, CP 100 microg/L or dexamethasone 1 micromol/L significantly inhibited the protein concentration and mRNA expression of MCP-1 induced by LPS.

CONCLUSIONCP can regulate MCP-1 production, which may be associated with its effects on lung inflammation.

Cell Line ; Chemokine CCL2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lipopolysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Polyporaceae ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Pulmonary Alveoli ; cytology ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in critically ill patients and it is directly related to the patient's prognosis and survival. Despite remaining uncertainties regarding the prevalence of AKI in intensive care unit (ICU), the overall incidence of AKI is relatively high, and prompt recognition is necessary to ensure the risk assessment, early diagnosis, clinical outcome, and treatment of critically ill patients. Doppler-based renal resistive index (RRI) mainly reflects vascular bed resistance state, which can be indirect to the extent of the damage of renal parenchyma. It is a relatively objective and quantitative evaluation, and is widely used in clinical prognosis of acute or chronic renal damage evaluation and judgment. This paper reviews the definition of RRI, the measurement methods of RRI, the application and progress of RRI in the field of AKI, the advantages and disadvantages of ultrasonic measurement of RRI, the long-term application of RRI, the effectiveness of RRI in predicting AKI, and the progress in clinical application.

Objective To evaluate the predictive value of IABP SHOCK Ⅱ risk score in in-hospital mortality of patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction complicated with cardiogenic shock (CS). Methods From August 2011 to August 2013, the clinical data of 89 patients with cardiogenic shock after STEMI treated with primary PCI and then supported by using IABP were retrospectively analyzed. The IABP SHOCK Ⅱ risk score were calculated from the data at admission and primary PCI. Comparisons of general information, medication and intervention, pre/post IABP vital life signs and in-hospital death were carried out among patients with different risk stratifications. Results The area under ROC curve of risk stratification was 0.723. The patients were categorized into low risk group (score 0-2, n=71) and intermediate-high risk group (score 3-9, n=18).The patients in intermediate-high risk group were with advanced age, high rate of diabetes mellitus, history of stroke, renal insufficiency, higher serum lactate and glucose at admission compared with low risk group. And more patients in intermediate-high risk group had impaired post-PCI coronary flow (TIMI flow grade<3). Conclusions The IABP SHOCK Ⅱ risk score is a simple and useful risk score for predicting in-hospital mortality of STEMIpatients complicated with CS. Though the patietns are treated with primary PCI and then supported by IABP, the in-hospital mortality of patients with IABP SHOCK Ⅱ risk score ≥ 3 increases significantly.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the Endurant stent graft for abdominal aortic aneurysm cases with proximal neck length <10 mm. Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis. From January 2010 to May 2015, 22 consecutive abdominal aortic aneurysm patients with proximal neck length <10 mm were treated with endovascular aortic repair by Endurant stent graft in Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. There were 19 (86.3%) male cases, aging from 57 to 84 years. All patients underwent preoperative CT angiography and the anatomic parameters of abdominal aortic aneurysm were measured. All patients performed standard endovascular aortic repair first and if there was obvious proximal typeⅠ endoleak, the CUFF or the chimney technology were applied to observed the perioperative technical and the clinical success rate. During follow-up, the incidence of adverse events and the reintervention rate were observed. Results: These 22 cases had proximal neck length 5 to 9 mm with the average of (7.2±1.4) mm. Immediate endoleak occurred in 5 patients with 4 cases of proximal typeⅠ endoleak, 3 cases were implanted proximal CUFF, 1 case implanted CUFF and left renal artery chimney. One case died perioperatively, the clinical success rate was 95.4%, the technical success rate was 77.3%. During the follow-up of 6 to 54 months, there was 1 case with delayed proximal type-1 endoleak, during operation the patient had no endoleak, but disappeared 6 months later without further intervention. So the incidence of adverse event was 4.5% and reintervention rate was 0. Conclusion The Endurant stent graft for abdominal aortic aneurysm cases with proximal neck length < 10 mm is safe and effective.

To study the preventive effects of double guidewire technique combined with pancreatic duct stenting in preventing post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP). Patients receiving ERCP were divided into the treatment group and the control group by random number table. In the treatment group, double guidewire technique combined with pancreatic duct stenting was applied. In the control group, selective biliary intubation was applied in the conventional way. The intubation time, PEP, hyperamylasemia and bleeding incidence were analyzed between the two groups. A total of 80 patients were enrolled in this study from January 2016 to December 2018. There were 40 cases in the treatment group and 39 cases in the control group. In the treatment group, the mean intubation time was 384±102 seconds. No PEP or bleeding during and after the operation occurred, but hyperamylasemia occurred in 2 cases. In the control group, the mean intubation time was 427±115 seconds. Hyperamylasemia occurred in 6 cases, PEP occurred in 3 cases, and 1 case of intraoperative bleeding happened in the control group. The incidence of PEP [0 VS 7.7%(3/39)]and hyperamylasemia [5.0% (2/40)VS 15.4%(6/39)] were lower in the treatment group (both P<0.05). Double guidewire technique combined with pancreatic duct stenting can successfully perform selective bile duct intubation and effectively prevent PEP.

Background/Aims: Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients often exhibit peritoneal metastasis, which negatively impacts their prognosis. CD31 and D2-40 have recently been suggested to be predictors of breast cancer prognosis, but their role in colorectal peritoneal metastasis (CRPM) remains unknown. Methods: The expression profiles of CD31 and D2-40 were analyzed in CRC patients with or without CRPM and in CRC cell lines with increasing metastatic potential. Overexpression and short hairpin RNA knockdown assays were performed in CRC cells, and the effects of these alterations on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro, growth of xenograft tumors in vivo, and peritoneal metastasis potential in a mouse model of CRPM were examined. Results: The expressions of CD31 and D2-40 were upregulated in CRC tumor tissues and was elevated further in tumor tissues from patients with CRPM. CD31 and D2-40 expression levels exhibited increasing trends parallel to the EMT potential of CRC cells. CD31 and D2-40 are essential for CRC cell EMT in vitro as well as for xenograft tumor growth and peritoneal metastasis in vivo. Conclusions CD31 and D2-40 contribute to CRPM by promoting EMT and may serve as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for CRC, particularly in patients with peritoneal metastasis.