Objective To investigate the characteristics of brain network based on brain electrical activity induced by somatosensory electrical stimulation,and to provide a theoretical basis for further understanding the mechanism of brain neural plasticity induced by somatosensory electrical stimulation.Methods Ten healthy subjects were selected and a somatosensory electrical stimulation experiment was constructed based on the directed transfer function (DTF).In the experiment,the DTF causal connection matrixes of the 32-channel EEG data of Delta,Theta,Alpha and Beta bands were obtained under the somatosensory electrical target and non-target stimulation,and the differences of clustering coefficient and global efficiency between two stimulation states were contrasted based on graph theory.Results Under the target stimulation and non-target stimulation states,the regions with stronger DTA causal connections were mainly concentrated in FCz,Cz,CPz and Pz channels.The causal connection intensity under target stimulation state was greater than that of non-target stimulation.Also,in the Delta,Theta,and Alpha bands,the clustering coefficient under the target stimulation state was significantly higher than that in the non-target stimulation state (P＜0.05).In the Delta and Theta bands,the global efficiency of the target stimulation state was significantly higher than that of the non-target stimulation state (P＜0.05).Conclusions Somatosensory electrical stimulation can activate and induce EEG brain networks.In the target stimulation state,the role of the parietal lobe in the EEG causal network is enhanced,which helps to induce attention to specific brain region plasticity,and thus realizing the nerve rehabilitation in the brain regions of interest.While in the non-target stimulation state,the synergistic interactions between brain regions were enhanced,which helps to activate and induce a wide range of associations in the whole brain network,so as to promote the global neural activity in the brain.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of Shenling Guben Granules on quality of life and immune function in patients with HIV classified as immunological non-responders （INRs）. MethodsA prospective， multicenter， randomized， double-blind， controlled trial was conducted from August 21， 2018， to January 6， 2021， across eight hospitals in China. A total of 300 INR patients， diagnosed with spleen-kidney yang deficiency or lung-spleen Qi deficiency syndromes， were enrolled and randomly assigned to either the observation group or the control group， with 150 patients in each group. The control group received antiretroviral therapy （ART） combined with placebo， while the observation group received ART combined with Shenling Guben Granules. After 72 consecutive weeks of treatment， the World Health Organization Quality of Life for HIV brief version （WHOQOL-HIV BREF） was used to assess quality of life before and after treatment in both groups. Immune indicators （CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell counts）， complete blood count， liver and renal function， and adverse events during treatment were also evaluated to assess safety. ResultsA total of 279 patients were included in the final analysis （140 in the observation group and 139 in the control group）. After treatment， CD4⁺ T cell counts in the observation group increased significantly compared to baseline （P< 0.05）， whereas the control group showed an upward trend without statistical significance. Compared with the control group after treatment， the observation group showed a significantly greater increase in CD4⁺ levels （P<0.05）. There were no significant differences in the total score or domain scores of quality of life （physical， psychological， independence， social relationships， environment， and spirituality）， or in CD8⁺ T cell counts， before and after treatment in either group. The incidence of adverse events during treatment was 10% （14/140） in the observation group and 10.07% （14/139） in the control group， with no statistically significant difference between the two groups. ConclusionAlthough Shenling Guben Granules did not significantly improve quality of life in INR patients， they significantly increased CD4⁺ cell counts and demonstrated good safety， providing scientific evidence to support their use as a treatment option for INR patients.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics and genetic basis of a male patient with primary infertility caused by Acephalic spermatozoa syndrome.Methods:A patient who had presented at the Henan Provincial People′s Hospital on October 1, 2022 was selected as the study subject. Clinical data and results of laboratory exams and sperm electron microscopy were collected. The patient was subjected to whole exome sequencing (WES), and candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing and pathogenicity analysis.Results:WES revealed that the patient has harbored compound heterozygous variants of the PMFBP1 gene, namely c. 853del (p.Ala285Leufs*24) and c. 1276A>T (p.Lys426X), which were both unreported previously. Sanger sequencing suggested that the c. 853del (p.Ala285Leufs*24) variant has derived from his deceased mother, whilst the c. 1276A>T (p.Lys426X) variant has derived from his father. Based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), both variants were classified as pathogenic (PVS1+ PM2_Supporting+ PP4). Conclusion:The compound heterozygous variants of the PMFBP1 gene probably underlay the Acephalic spermatozoa syndrome in this patient. The discovery of the novel variants has also enriched the mutational spectrum of Acephalic spermatozoa syndrome.