BACKGROUND: Many study results proved that electroacupuncture can cause change of endogenous opioid peptide system.OBJECTIVE: To observe the change of blood sugar and blood lipoprotein (a) in rats with diabetes mellitus after electroacupuncture therapy and probe into the effect of opioid peptide system in the treatment for diabetes with electroacupuncture.DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial with experimental animals as the subjects.SETTING: The experiment was conducted in the Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Shandong University.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed in the Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Shandong University from July 2004 to December 2004. Totally 140 male Wistar rats were involved.METHODS: Ten Wistar rats were collected randomly as the blank control group. The other 130 rats were given 20 g/L streptozotocin 50 mg/kg intraperitoneally and the rats in blank control group were given the same volume of saline intraperitoneally. Three weeks later, the tails were cut off and the blood sugar was measured 2 hours after food intake. The rats with obvious rapid sugar tolerance were given foods with high calories for 28 days as the model rats. There were 64 rats were successful models and they were classified into 3 groups randomly, namely model control group( n = 20), electroacupuncture therapy(n=22) and electroacupuncture with naloxone groups( n = 22) . The blood sugar and blood lipoprotein(a) were detected after treatment for the diabetic rats with streptozotocin.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Blood sugar level and blood lipoprotein(a) of each rat after the final therapy.RESULTS: Totally 74 rats entered the result analysis. Electroacupuncture therapy could reduce the blood sugar and blood lipoprotein(a) of diabetes mellitus rats, while rats with naloxone injection before therapy were insensitive to electroacupuncture. [The blood sugar value were(13.91 ± 3.79),( 10.33 ± 2.36), (12.96 ± 2.23)mmol/L in the model control group, electroacupuncture therapy group, electroacupuncture with naloxone group respectively; while the level of blood lipoprotein(a) were(13.75 ±2.69),( 10.81 ± 2.96), (13.01 ± 3.23)mg/L respectively].CONCLUSION: Electroacupuncture therapy can reduce the level of blood sugar and the risk of atherosclerosis in rats with diabetes mellitus. Although the mechanism can not be explained through the meridian theory, according to the experimental result that blood sugar and blood lipoprotein(a) were no longer intervened by electroacupuncture therapy after injecting naloxone, it is presumed that electroacupuncture therapy can exert its intervention effect on blood sugar and blood lipoprotein(a)through opiate system.

Serbia is a parliamentary republic country in Southeast Europe. It implements a health security system with social insurance as the mainstay and social assistance as a supplement. Ischemic heart disease, stroke and Alzheimer’s disease are the major causes of death, and the mortality rates of cardiomyopathy and chronic kidney disease are increasing. Serbia has relevant legislation on traditional medicine. Acupuncture, as the main form of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), has been introduced to Serbia in an early stage. Acupuncture was recognized as a legal medical method in 2005, and then the corresponding educational institutions of TCM were established soon. However, the limitation of acupuncture treatment application, difficulty in access to Chinese medicine, and undeveloped of TCM education system, all of them restrict the development of TCM in Serbia. It is recommended to improve the development and dissemination of Chinese medicine in Serbia, like to increase the promotion of acupuncture, pay attention to the Chinese medicine for preventive health care, and strengthen TCM education.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD)and risk factors in the adult population of Tianshan district in Urumqi, Xinjiang. Methods A total of 2131 residents from 4 communities in Tianshan district of Urumqi city were randomly selected using a stratified, multistage sampling. All the residents were interviewed and tested for morning spot urine of albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) (abnormal ≥ 30 mg/g), morning spot urine dipstick of hematuria ( abnormal ＞3 red blood cells/HP or greater) and pyuria ( abnormal＞ 5 white blood cells/HP) confirmed by microscopy. Renal function was determined with abbreviated MDRD equation [reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)＜60 ml ·min-1 ·(1.73 m2)-1]. The associations of kidney damage indicators with age, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, income,education, cholesterol, triglyceride and smoking were examined. Results Eligible data of 2131 subjects were collected in the study. After the adjustment of age and gender component, the prevalence of albuminuria was found in 2.63％ (95％CI:1.78％-3.48％) of subjects, hematuria in 7.43％(95％CI:6.11％-8.75％) and reduced renal function in 1.72％(95％CI:1.08％-2.35％).Approximately 9.99％(95％CI:8.47％-11.55％) of subjects had at least one indicator of kidney damage. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that albuminuria, hematuria, age and hyperuricemia were independently associated with reduced renal function. Hematuria and reduced renal function were independently associated with albuminuria. Albuminuria, reduced renal function and female were independently associated with hematuria. Conclusion In urban adult population over 35 years old of Urumqi, a big city in western China, the prevalence of CKD is 9.99％, the recognition is 2.44％ and the risk factors of CKD are similar to those of other domestic big cities and western developed countries.

The induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), derived by ectopic expression of reprogramming factors in somatic cells, can potentially provide unlimited autologous cells for regenerative medicine. In theory, the autologous cells derived from patient iPSCs should be immune tolerant by the host without any immune rejections. However, our recent studies have found that even syngeneic iPSC-derived cells can be immunogenic in syngeneic hosts by using a teratoma transplantation model (Nature 474:212-215, 2011). Recently two research groups differentiated the iPSCs into different germ layers or cells, transplanted those cells to the syngeneic hosts, and evaluated the immunogenicity of those cells. Both of the two studies support our conclusions that some certain but not all tissues derived from iPSCs can be immunogenic, although they claimed either "negligible" or "lack of" immunogenicity in iPSC derivatives (Nature 494:100-104, 2013; Cell Stem Cell 12:407-412, 2013). To test the immunogenicity of clinically valuable cells differentiated from human iPSCs are emergently required for translation of iPSC technology to clinics.
Animals ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; metabolism ; Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Graft Rejection ; immunology ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ; immunology ; transplantation ; Membrane Proteins ; metabolism ; Mice, Knockout ; Teratoma ; immunology ; metabolism

Objective:To construct a bowel preparation nursing guidance based on key point control theory and mind mapping in full abdominal enhanced CT examination to provide a basis for improving the intestinal preparation and image quality of intestinal patients.Methods:This was a randomized controlled trial, 104 patients were selected as the research subjects who underwent full abdominal enhanced CT examination in the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from January to August 2022, and randomly divided into the control group and the intervention group by table of random numbers, 52 cases in each group. The control group was given routine nursing guidance, while the intervention group was given nursing guidance based on key-point control theory and mind mapping. Compare the differences in intestinal cleanliness, intestinal fullness and CT image quality between the two groups.Results:The proportion of patients with good intestinal cleanliness was 65.4% (34/52) in the intervention group, which was higher than 25.0% (13/52) in the control group ( χ2 = 22.32, P<0.01). The proportion of patients in the intervention group with grade I intestinal filling was 71.2% (37/52), which was higher than the 23.1% (12/52) in the control group ( χ2 = 27.76, P<0.01). The proportion of patients in the intervention group with excellent image quality was 80.8% (42/52), higher than 30.8% (16/52) in the control group ( χ2 = 28.56, P<0.01). The score of State Anxiety Inventory score of patients in the intervention group was (41.21 ± 5.08), lower than that of the control group (48.69 ± 6.40) ( t = 6.60, P<0.01). The satisfaction score of patients in the intervention group was 43.50(39.00, 46.00), which was higher than that of the control group 39.00(36.25, 43.00) ( Z = - 3.45, P<0.01). Conclusions:The bowel preparation nursing guidance based on key-point control theory and mind mapping can effectively improve bowel preparation of patients and the image quality of full abdominal enhanced CT examination.

Objective: To explore joint effects between body fat mass and insulin resistance with dyslipidemia in children, in order to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia in children. Methods: Data was derived from the second follow up survey (2021) of the Huantai Childhood Cardiovascular Health Cohort. The complete information of a total of 1 322 children was included in the study. Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the association among fat mass percentage (FMP), fat mass index (FMI), subcutaneous fat mass (SFM) and visceral fat mass (VFM) and dyslipidemia. Restrictive cubic spline model was used to analyze dose response relationship between levels of each of the four body fat mass indicators and dyslipidemia. Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the association of interaction of body fat mass indicators and insulin resistance (IR) with dyslipidemia. Results: Boys had higher VFM and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, while FMP, FMI, SFM, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were all lower than those of girls ( t/Z =3.22, 2.58, -15.85, -7.35, -6.49, -2.40, -4.05 , -2.40, P <0.05). After adjusting for all covariates, compared with children with normal FMP, those with higher FMP had an increased likelihood of elevated triglyceride levels ( OR =4.26, 95% CI =2.58-7.09) and low HDL-C levels ( OR =4.10, 95% CI =2.51-6.76). FMI, SFM, and VFM observed similar results to FMP ( P <0.05). Additionally, the additive interaction analyses showed that all four indicators of elevated body fat mass interacted with IR, increasing the likelihood of dyslipidemia in children ( P <0.05). There were linear or nonlinear dose response association between each of four body fat mass indicators and dyslipidemia. Conclusions Elevated body fat mass increases the likelihood of dyslipidemia in children, and the likelihood of dyslipidemia further would increase if children have concomitant IR. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to children with elevated body fat mass and IR to prevent the occurrence of dyslipidemia.

Objectives:To investigate the effect of resistance exercise(RE)on the dissolution of catheter-associated thrombus(CRT)and its possible mechanism.Methods:A total of 36 male SD rats were randomly divided into control group,CRT group,CRT+ RE group(n=12 in each group).Rats in the CRT group did not receive any intervention,while rats in the CRT+RE group received RE intervention 10 days after modeling for 28 days.The thrombolysis rate was evaluated by Hematoxylin-Eosin staining.The contents of irisin,interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-10 in serum were detected by ELISA.The relative mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator α(PGC-1α)and fibronectin type Ⅲ domain-containing 5(FNDC5)in gastrocnemius were detected by real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR).Results:There was no thrombosis in control group.Compared with control group,the contents of irisin and IL-10 in CRT group were significantly decreased,while the content of IL-6 in CRT rats was significantly increased(all P<0.01).Thrombolysis rate was significantly higher,and the mRNA expressions of PGC-1α and FNDC5 in gastrocnemius were significantly upregulated in CRT+RE group than in CRT group(all P<0.01).Serum irisin,IL-10 contents were significantly increased,IL-6 content was significantly lower in CRT+RE group than in CRT group(all P<0.01).Conclusions:Resistance exercise for 28 days could promote the dissolution of CRT,which may be related to the up-regulation of irisin expression and the inhibition of inflammation.

Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can immortally self-renew in culture with a high proliferation rate, and they possess unique metabolic characteristics that facilitate pluripotency regulation. Here, we review recent progress in understanding the mechanisms that link cellular metabolism and homeostasis to pluripotency regulation, with particular emphasis on pathways involving amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy. Metabolism of amino acids and lipids is tightly coupled to epigenetic modification, organelle remodeling and cell signaling pathways for pluripotency regulation. PSCs harness enhanced proteasome and autophagy activity to meet the material and energy requirements for cellular homeostasis. These regulatory events reflect a fine balance between the intrinsic cellular requirements and the extrinsic environment. A more complete understanding of this balance will pave new ways to manipulate PSC fate.

OBJECTIVE To optimize the extraction technology fo r phenylethanol glycosides from Cistanche deserticola by natural deep eutectic solvents （NADESs），and to provide reference for the development and utilization of C. deserticola . METHODS The optimal NADESs was selected using total extraction efficiency of echinacoside ，acteoside and isoacteoside as indexes. Based on single factor test ，response surface methodology was used to select the optimal NADESs molar ratio ，the optimal NADESs water content ，the optimal liquid-solid ratio ；and the results were optimized by genetic algorithm . Using vitamin C （VC） as positive control ，the extraction effects of NADESs and traditional solvent （50％ methanol）were compared in respects of extraction efficiency and antioxidant activities. RESULTS The optimal extraction solution was NADES- 11 composed of 1， 4-butanediol and malonic acid. The optimal extraction technology was as follows as the molar ratio of 1，4-butanediol-malonic acid was 1 ∶ 2.5，water content of NADES- 11 was 18％，liquid-solid ratio was 30 mL/g，extraction time was 30 min and extraction temperature was 30 ℃. The extraction efficiency of NADES- 11 was significantly higher than that of 50％ methanol（P＜0.05）. IC 50 values of NADES- 11 extract（261.17 and 744.34 µg/mL）to 1，1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine radical and hydroxyl radical were all lower than those of 50％ methanol extract （420.97 and 1 175.12 μg/mL）. Ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity of Δ 基金项目 内蒙古自治区科技创新引导项目（No.00120209）；内 NADES-11 extract（17.19 and 360.80 mg VC/g ）was higher 蒙古自治区自然科学基金资助项目 （No.2021MS08011）；内蒙古自治 than that of 50％ methanol extract （10.67 and 228.54 mg 区医疗卫生科技计划项目（No.202201367）；包头医学院“花蕾计划”项 VC/g）. CONCLUSIONS The optimized extraction process of 目（No.HL2021046） phenylethanol glycosides from C. deserticola using NADESs is ＊第一作者 硕士研究生。研究方向：中蒙药药效成分。E-mail： environmental，stable and feasible. dongjiani369@126.com

BACKGROUNDA practical problem impeding clinical translation is the limited bone formation seen in artificial bone grafts. Low-pressure/vacuum seeding and dynamic culturing in bioreactors have led to a greater penetration into the scaffolds, enhanced production of bone marrow cells, and improved tissue-engineered bone formation. The goal of this study was to promote more extensive bone formation in the composites of porous ceramics and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs).

METHODSBMSCs/β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) composites were subcultured for 2 weeks and then subcutaneously implanted into syngeneic rats that were split into a low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) treatment group and a control group. These implants were harvested at 5, 10, 25, and 50 days after implantation. The samples were then biomechanically tested and analyzed for alkaline phosphate (ALP) activity and osteocalcin (OCN) content and were also observed by light microscopy.

RESULTSThe levels of ALP activity and OCN content in the composites were significantly higher in the LIPUS group than in the control group. Histomorphometric analysis revealed a greater degree of soft tissue repair, increased blood flow, better angiogenesis, and more extensive bone formation in the LIPUS groups than in the controls. No significant difference in the compressive strength was found between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONLIPUS treatment appears to enhance bone formation and angiogenesis in the BMSCs/β-TCP composites.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; physiology ; Bone Transplantation ; Calcium Phosphates ; pharmacology ; Male ; Osteogenesis ; physiology ; Rats ; Stromal Cells ; Tissue Engineering ; methods ; Transplantation, Isogeneic ; Ultrasonics ; methods