Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) are neoplasms that develop from neuroendocrine cells and exhibit neuroendocrine functions. The lack of specific clinical symptoms and biological behaviors for NENs cause early misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis in a majority of cases. However, the molecular biology of GEP-NENs vary greatly in different primary sites and grades, contributing to the high heterogeneity in such type of tumors. Currently, the diagnosis of GEP-NENs mainly depends on traditional methods such as imaging and tissue biopsy, leading to imperfect diagnostics by only reflecting genetic information about the location of the biopsy sample in the overall neoplasm. With the rapid development of genome sequencing technology in recent years, the exploration of circulating biomarkers and liquid biopsy technology have compensated for the limitations of tissue biopsy, thereby creating new opportunities to improve the diagnostic rate of GEP-NENs and the realization of precise treatment. This review summarizes and compares the status of liquid biopsy applications in investigating GEP-NENs.

Objective:To construct evaluation index system for the communication effectiveness of nursing WeChat public accounts in hospital, and to provide a scientific and systematic evaluation tool for the communication effectiveness of nursing WeChat public accounts in hospital.Methods:Based on Lasswell′s "5W" communication process model, the evaluation index system for the communication effectiveness of nursing WeChat public accounts in hospital was constructed by applying Delphi expert consultation method and analytic hierarchy process.Results:The the evaluation index system for the communication effect of nursing WeChat public accounts in hospital consists of 5 first-level index, which contained communicator, communication content, communication media, communication audience, communication environment, and 12 second-level index, which contained professional quality, function setting, public trust, using experience, internal environment, etc, and 52 third-level index.Conclusions:The evaluation index system for the communication effectiveness of nursing WeChat public accounts in hospital could provide nursing managers an systematic evaluation tool. It could promote the construction and development of nursing WeChat public accounts and ensure that patients receive the health information which were scientific, authoritative and standard.

Objective To analyze the correlation between gasdermin E(GSDME)and the occurrence and development of cervical cancer.Methods HPA database and GEPIA2 online website were used to analyze the differential expression of GSDME gene and protein between cervical cancer tissues and normal cervical tissues.GEPIA2 and KM plotter online website was used to analyze the correlation be-tween GSDME gene expression and the pathological staging,survival and prognosis of cervical cancer.cBioPortal online website was used to analyze the GSDME gene mutation in cervical cancer tissues.TIMER2 online website and R-package were used to analyze the correla-tion between GSDME and immune infiltration in cervical cancer tissues.Gene set enrichment analysis was used to analyze the biological function of GSDME in development of cervical cancer.Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)and Western blot were used to verify the transcription and translation of GSDME in cervical cancer cell lines.Results Compared with normal cervical tis-sues,the expression of GSDME mRNA and protein in cervical cancer tissues was lower(P＜0.05).Survival analysis showed that the high expression of GSDME gene may be associated with poor prognosis of cervical cancer patients.0.36％of GSDME amplification muta-tion was found in cervical squamous cell carcinoma.There was significant negative correlation between high expression of GSDME gene and B lymphocyte infiltration,whereas a significant positive correlation between high GSDME gene and mast cell infiltration in cervical cancer tissues(P＜0.05).The high expression of GSDME in cervical cancer exhibited a significant negative correlation with glutathione peroxidase activity,mRNA modification,keratin filament,and other biological functions(P＜0.001).RT-qPCR and Western blot con-firmed that the transcription and protein expression of GSDME could be detected in both human papilloma virus(HPV)positive and nega-tive cervical cancer cells.Conclusion GSDME may be a risk factor related to cervical cancer,and the correlation analysis between GS-DME and cervical cancer provides a new perspective for the follow-up targeted treatment of cervical cancer based on GSDME.

Objective To establish a mouse model of kidney-yin and kidney?yang deficiency after oral administra?tion of hydrocortisone, and to explore the related evaluation factors. Methods The model was established by oral adminis?tration of hydrocortisone to induce kidney?yin and kidney?yang deficiency in mice. The survival and body weight of the mice were observed. The serum content of adrenal cortical hormone ( ACTH) , cortisol ( Cor. ) in the hypothalamic?pituitary?ad?renal (HPA) axis, and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyrox (T4) in the hypothalamic?pi?tuitary?thyroid (HPT) axis, follicle?stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), testosterone (T) in the hypothalamic?pituitary?gonadal ( HPG) axis were determined by radioimmunoassay. Results The body weight of kidney?yin and kidney?yang mice were decreased, the serum ACTH, Cor, TSH, T3, T4 contents were decreased, the serum FSH, E2, T contents were increased in the kidney?yang deficiency model mce ( P<0. 01 ) , and those parameters in the kidney?yin deficiency model mice were changed in opposite direction. Conclusions It is found that the hormone levels of ACTH, Cor, TSH, T3, T4, FSH, E2 and T in kidney deficiency mice are changed, and cortisol can be used as an important index to evaluate the model of kidney deficiency induced by glucocorticoid.

Objective To observe the effects ofLiuwei Dihuang Decoction on cAMP and PDE3B in adipose tissues of rats with type 2 diabetes;To explore its mechanism.MethodsTotally 80 SD rats were randomly divided into two groups:control group and molding group. Rats in the molding group established the type 2 diabetic models by feeding high sugar and fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin. The successful modeling rats were divided into model group, Rosiglitazone group, andLiuwei Dihuang Decoction group. Administration groups were given relevant medicine for gavage, while model group and blank group were given the same amount of normal saline for 30 days. FBG levels were detected, and cAMP and INS levels were detected by ELISA. The protein expressions of PDE3B in adipose tissues were determined by Western blot. The mRNA expressions of PDE3B in adipose tissues were detected by RT-PCR.Results Compared with the model group, the FBG and INS levels in type 2 diabetic rats were reduced in Rosiglitazone group andLiuwei DihuangDecoction group (P<0.05,P<0.01). InLiuwei Dihuang Decoction group, the protein and mRNA expressions of PDE3B in the adipose tissues were higher, and cAMP levels were lower than the model group (P<0.01).ConclusionLiuwei Dihuang Decoction can increase PDE3B expression, and decrease cAMP level, which may be one of the mechanisms for improving insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats.

Serbia is a parliamentary republic country in Southeast Europe. It implements a health security system with social insurance as the mainstay and social assistance as a supplement. Ischemic heart disease, stroke and Alzheimer’s disease are the major causes of death, and the mortality rates of cardiomyopathy and chronic kidney disease are increasing. Serbia has relevant legislation on traditional medicine. Acupuncture, as the main form of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), has been introduced to Serbia in an early stage. Acupuncture was recognized as a legal medical method in 2005, and then the corresponding educational institutions of TCM were established soon. However, the limitation of acupuncture treatment application, difficulty in access to Chinese medicine, and undeveloped of TCM education system, all of them restrict the development of TCM in Serbia. It is recommended to improve the development and dissemination of Chinese medicine in Serbia, like to increase the promotion of acupuncture, pay attention to the Chinese medicine for preventive health care, and strengthen TCM education.

Objective:ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is an integral membrane protein that plays a key role in cellular lipid metabolism,preventing the accumulation of lipids that contribute to the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis.Tiaozhi Tongmai Granules are a Chinese herbal compound that is capable of treating atherosclerosis.This study was de-signed to explore the potential pharmacological mechanism by which Tiaozhi Tongmai Gran-ules protect against atherosclerosis.Methods:Forty-nine male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into seven groups:normal control group,normal diet;model groups 1 and 2:balloon injury and high-fat diet for 6 or 12 weeks;statin groups 1 and 2:balloon injury and high-fat diet plus atorvastatin for 6 or 12 weeks;and Chinese herb groups 1 and 2:balloon injury and high-fat diet plus Tiaozhi Tongmai Granules for 6 or12 weeks.The granules were administered at a dose of 1.14 g/kg/d,with atorvastatin(1.14 mg/kg/d) serving as positive control.Serum lipid profiles and liver function indices were measured.Atherogenesis was viewed after H&rE staining and quantified by thickened intimal area percentage and maximal intimal thickness percentage.The ABCA1 protein expression in athero-sclerotic plaque macrophages of the common carotid arteries (CCA),thoracic aortae (TA),and liver tissues were observed by immunohistochemical staining and evaluated using mean optical density (OD) value in macrophages and ABCA1-positive hepatocyte number.Results:Compared with model group 1 at week 6,Chinese herb group 1 and statin group 1 dis-played significant reductions in total cholesterol (TC) (P =0.027,0.012) and low-density lipopro-tein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P =0.039,0.028) levels,as well as marked increases in ABCA1-positive hepatocyte numbers (Pall ＜0.001),and only statin group 1 displayed a markedly reduced maximal intimal thickness percentage in the CCA (P =0.018).Compared with model group 2 at week 12,Chinese herb group 2 and statin group 2 all presented significant reductions in TC (P =0.011,0.003),LDL-C (P =0.017,0.010) and thickened intimal area percentage in the CCA (P =0.001,0.022),as well as prominent increases in the ABCA1OD value of both the CCA (P =0.001,0.039) and TA (P =0.001,0.025) and positive hepatocyte number (P all ＜0.001).Chinese herb group 2 had a markedly reduced maximal intimal thickness percentage compared with model group 2 (P =0.006) and a higher positive hepatocytes number than statin group 2 (P =0.001).Conclusions:Tiaozhi Tongmai Granules appear to have an anti-atherogenic effect that is most likely mediated by simultaneously upregulating the protein expression of ABCA1 in rabbit athero-sclerotic plaque macrophages and in the liver.

Objective To determine the electrocardiographic (ECG) characteristics of myocardial infarction (MI) evolution in rats and the intervention effect of Chinese herbs, and to provide basis for the establishment of the criteria for ECG diagnosis and assessment of drug therapeutic effects of rats MI. Methods Totally 140 male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, replenishing qi group, activating blood group, replenishing qi and activating blood (1∶2) and (2∶1) group as well as Tongxinluo group, each group with 20 rats. The rat MI model was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. The treatment groups were administrered with corresponding drugs by gavage from the first day after operation. The sham operation group and model group were given the same volume of distilled water. The 12-lead ECGs were recorded before, immediately after, 1st and 2nd week after operation respectively. The voltage value of ST segment deviation, the time limit of QRS complex and the number of animals with pathologic Q wave were evaluated for statistical analysis. Results Model group showed the elevation of ST segment, significantly prolonged time limit of QRS complex (P<0.01), and no pathologic Q wave showed immediately after operation compared with sham operation group. And all above observational indexes reached the peak at 1st week and declined at 2nd week after operation. Compared with model group at 2nd week after operation, replenishing qi and activating blood (1∶2) group and (2∶1) group all presented remarkable dropping of ST segment, shortening in time limit of QRS complex and reduction in number of rats with pathologic Q wave, of which 2∶1 group showed the most (P<0.01). Activating blood group only displayed decreases in time limit of QRS and number of rats with pathologic Q wave (P<0.05), and no significant decline in ST segment. Replenishing qi group demonstrated no significant changes in above three observational indexes (P>0.05). Thus, we proposed the criterion for the ECG diagnosis of rats MI as well as the criterion for the ECG assessment of drug therapeutic effects of rats MI. Conclusion ECG can overall and sensitively evaluate the evolution and drug therapeutic effects of MI in rats, thus providing a relatively objective and available assessment method for the experimental studies of myocardial ischemic diseases.

Objective:To understand the current state of financial toxicity and suicide risk in head and neck cancer patients, to investigate the correlation between the level of financial toxicity and suicide risk in head and neck cancer patients, and to provide a basis for reducing the level of financial toxicity and the risk of suicide in head and neck cancer patients.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted, from March 1 to July 31, 2022, 150 head and neck cancer patients were selected from Oncology Department of East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Universityby by convenient sampling method. The survey was carried out by means of the general questionnaire, Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity based on the Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (COST-PROM), Cancer Suicide Risk Scale (CSRS), and then analysis the datum.Results:The score of COST-PROM of 150 head and neck cancer patients was (18.00 ± 6.12) points, and the score of CSRS of head and neck cancer patients was (36.31 ± 8.51) points. The total score of economic toxicity was significantly negatively correlated with the total score of suicide risk and its dimensions ( r values were -0.446 to 0.235, all P<0.05). The total score of suicide risk was negatively correlated with the total score of economic toxicity and the scores of each dimension ( r values were -0.446 to -0.251, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Patients with head and neck cancer were at higher risk of suicide, and financial toxicity was a significant contributing factor to suicide risk, with higher levels of financial toxicity associated with a higher risk of suicide. Reducing the level of financial toxicity in patients with head and neck cancer has important implications for reducing their risk of suicide.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of varicella outbreaks in primary and middle schools, and to establish a risk predictive model, so as to provide scientific guidance for the prevention of varicella outbreaks in schools. Methods: Based on a nested case-control study, primary and middle schools in 4 districts of Shanghai (Yangpu District and Jingan District) and Hangzhou (Xiaoshan District and Linping District) from January to December 2023 were selected to observe the status of varicella outbreaks. Associated factors of varicella outbreaks were investigated and used for establishing the predictive model, which was evaluated by the Hosmer-Lemeshow(H-L) goodness of fit test, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, Calibration curve, decision curve analysis (DCA). Results: A total of 98 varicella outbreaks were included, with 195 schools without varicella outbreaks during the same period as controls. Eight factors, including the availability of warm water in restroom, availability of hand soap in restroom, average class size, duration of student attendance at school per day, presence of a fulltime school doctor, hesitancy of the school principal towards varicella vaccination, and rates of first and second doses of varicella vaccination, were identified as potential factors for school varicella outbreaks, with statistically significant differences (χ2/Z=10.01, 20.49, 17.43, 9.74, 32.17, 6.60, 2.20, 3.39, P<0.05). The 8 variables above were employed to construct a risk predictive model, and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test yielded a χ2 value of 5.863 (P>0.05); the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.846 (95%CI=0.799-0.893); Calibration curve analysis indicated good consistency between predicted and actual values of the model. DCA demonstrated favorable predictive performance of the model over a wide range. Conclusions The predictive model for school varicella outbreaks demonstrates satisfactory accuracy and efficacy. It suggested to make good use of this prediction model and take relevant measures to reduce the risk of varicella transmission in schools.