Objective: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of transcatheter or surgical procedure for neonates diagnosed with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PA/IVS) or critical pulmonary stenosis (CPS) by retrospectively analyzina the clinical data, thus to discuss the clinical strategy decision. Methods: From November 2006 to August 2018, 105 neonates (PA/IVS 51 cases, CPS 54 cases) went through transcatheter or surgical procedure in Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute (transcatheter procedure 43 cases, surgery 62 cases). All cases manifested mild to moderate right ventricular dysplasia.Transcatheter procedure included pulmonary radio frequency perforation and percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (PBPV). Surgical procedure included reconstruction of right ventricular outflow tract (transannular patch), pulmonary valvotomy and closed transventricular pulmonary valvuloplasty, while Aortic-Pulmonary shunt was performed in certain cases.Average follow-up period was (40.1±36.9) months.Hospitalization and follow-up data were analyzed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transcatheter and surgical procedure. Results: Operative time, hospital stay, complication rate were lower in transcatheter procedure group than those of surgery group[(107.8±61.6) min vs.(183.3±36.8) min, (18.6±7.9) d vs.(31.1±13.4) d, 30.2% vs.80.6%], and the differences were significant(all P=0.000). In transcatheter procedure group, 2 cases (4.7%) died and biventricular circulation is obtained in all survival cases.In surgery group, 5 cases (8.1%) died.Of the survival cases from surgery group, 39 cases (69.6%) obtained biventricular circulation, 3 cases (5.4%) obtained one and a half ventricular circulation while other 14 cases (25.0%) were candidates for biventricular repair. Conclusions Biventricular circulation can be achieved in most PA/IVS or CPS neonates with mild-moderate right ventricular dysplasia.PBPV turns out to be a safe and effective therapy for neonates with CPS while perforation of right ventricular outflow tract remains a nonnegligible complication in transcatheter therapy for PA/IVS.