It was argued whether bisphenol A(BPA) can induce reproductive toxicity to male,so in the present paper the recently published articles on the reproductive toxicity induced by BPA to male were reviewed.It was indicated that BPA has no obvious embryotoxicity,but BPA can directly induce the reproductive toxicity to male reproductive system,and the testis and prostate were the main target organs of BPA.Even low level BPA exposure could produce toxic effects.

This case report describes a male patient, 5 years old, with recurrent nose congestion and fetid discharge from the right nasal cavity. The suspected clinical diagnosis of a supernumerary nasal tooth was confirmed by computed tomography (CT). Laboratory examination showed normal. After endoscopic removal in general anesthesia, the tooth was examined by pathological examination. A literature search identified 22 supernumerary nasal teeth in 21 patients.
Child, Preschool ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Male ; Nose ; pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Tooth, Supernumerary ; diagnosis ; surgery

Elements, including experimental personnel, facili-ties, equipment, apparatus, technology and skills, are essential to carrying out pre-clinical reproductive toxicity research. As to a study , authenticity , normativity , scientificity and innovativeness guarantee the success. These four elements are independent of each other,but mutually supported. Authenticity and scientificity are the footstone and soul, respectively, for drug non-clinical re-productive toxicity research. Normativity guarantees authenticity and scientificity, and innovativeness relies on authenticity. Nor-mativity and scientificity ensure the reliability and dynamics of experimental results which perhaps is an effective way accessing innovation.

Purpose To study on the antithrombotic effect of polysaccharide of Auricularia auriculajudae.Methods The method of hot water extraction for extracting polysaccharide from Auricularia auriculajudae was used. The antithrombotic effect was studied by animal experiments.The length and the weight of arterial thrombosis were determined. Characteristic thrombus formation time (CTFT), and thrombus formation time (TFT),the rate of platelet adhesion and the blood viscosity were determined also.Results As compared with the normal saline group,polysaccharide of Auricularia auriculajudae(ig) remarkedly prolonged CTFT and TFT.The length of thrombus was shortened. Thrombus wet weight, thrombus dry weight,and blood viscosity were decreased, yet had no significant influence on the rate of platelet adhesion.Conclusion Polysaccharides of Auricularia auriculajudae can significantly inhitit the formation of thrombus.

BACKGROUND: There are many methods for studying the somatotype of adults or children. Among them, Heath-Carter somatotype method is a comprehensive evaluation method. Using this method, 10 items of anthropometric indicators are selected and 3 factors which could be gotten to represent relative content of body fat, growth degree of skeletal muscle and relative height and thinness of body (relative line degree), are calculated, respectively.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the rules and characteristics of somatotype development in Dong students from Hunan province, so as to supplement the essential data for physical anthropology.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A cross-sectional investigation was performed at the Department of Biological Engineering, Huaihua College of Hunan Province in May 2006.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 989 Dong students (boys 492, girls 497), aged 7 to 17 years, were selected from the primary schools or middle schools of Tongdao Dong Nationality Autonomous Country in Hunan province and recruited into the present study. All the selected students were verified healthy by physical examinations at school. The subjects were divided into two groups by gender, and each group was divided into 11 subgroups according to the age.METHODS: By Heath-Carter somatotype method, 10 anthropological indexes were measured. Each indicator was measured twice and the average value was selected. The above-mentioned data were input into the computer to form a database. The following indicators were calculated in turn: 3 factors on somatotype, coordinate values of X and Y on somatotype chart, mean of dimensional distances from the average somatotype to all somatotypes in the sample, difference between the two somatotypes in three-dimensional space and frequency distribution of each somatotype.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Height, body mass, upper arm circumference, calf circumference, intracondylar diameters of humerus and femur, skinfold of brachial triceps, subscapular skinfold, skinfold of anterosuperior iliac spine, skinfold of gastrocnemius muscle.RESULTS: All 989 students were included in the final analysis. The dynamic range of the average value of endomorphic factor was 1.2-1.9 and 1.3-4.1, and that of mesomorphic factor was 4.2-5.1 and 1.9-3.0, and that of ectomorphic factor was 2.8-3.7 and 2.6-3.9 for the boys and the girls, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed that there was significant difference in the average value of mesomorphic factor by gender in each age (P＜0.05-0.01). The average endomorphic factor of the girls was obviously higher than that of the boys in each age (P＜0.01) except 7 to 11 years old. The average ectomorphic factor of the girls was higher than that of the boys before 13 years old and it was contrary after 13 years old. There was significant difference of average ectomorphic factor between beys and girls only in 9,11 and 15 to 17 years old (P＜0.05-0.01). The results of t-test showed that there was significant difference for the somatotypes by gender in each age (P＜0.05-0.01). The distribution of girl somatotype demonstrated a dynamic process from 7 to 17 years old, which demonstrated balanced mesomorphy-ectomorphy changed to balanced ecdomorphy, ectomorphy-ectomorphy, balanced endomorphy-ectomorphy and balanced endomorphy in turn. But distribution of boy somatotype was relatively stable, and average somatotype was mesomorphy. Cluster analysis revealed that there was obvious difference of congenital somatotype between Dong students and other 9 populations. During puberty, the somatotype feature of Dong boys was more close to that of Korean boys (SAD=0.37), but which was more far to that of Han boys in the city (SAD=2.15). The somatotype feature of Dong girls was more close to that of Zhuang girls (SAD=0.71), but which was more far to that of Korean girls (SAD=2.35) and Miao girls (SAD=2.10).CONCLUSION: The congenital somatotype of Dong students has its unique characteristics. There is obvious difference in somatotype characteristics between boys and girls.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the sequence of IMP-4 metallo-?-lactamases(MBLs) encoding gene from clinical isolates of multiple-drug-resistant Klebsiella oxytoca strains and attempt to know the integrons composing the drug resistance gene box.METHODS The antibiotic sensitivity test of multi-resistant K.oxytoca strains was done according to Kirby-Bauer method of CLSI 2005,and the double disk synergy test and Etest were for detecting their MBLs.The Class 1 integrons were detected by PCR.The purified amplicons of Class l integrons were sequenced.The type and order of gene cassettes in integrons were analyzed by searching GenBank.RESULTS The K.oxytoca was resistant to carbapenems,the third-generation cephalosporins,cefoxitin,quinolones,cefoperazone/sulbactam,sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim,amoxicillin/clavulanate,ticacillin/clavulanate,piperacillin,cefepime,rifampicin and piperacillin/tazobatam,only susceptible to amikacin and polymyxin B.The IMP-4 metallo-?-lactamases,aadA1,AmpC,CTX-M-14,qacE△1-sull and intI1 were positive.CONCLUSIONS Integrons are important molecular mechanism in the development of multidrug resistance.There are resistance gene boxes in them.

Objective To study the influence of the modification of the special neutralizing epitopes of the HIV-1 envelope (Env) on its assembly of functional pseudovirus and neutralizing activity. Methods Site-directed mutations were performed using cycling mutagenesis and selection of mutants with Dpn I . With this method, the 2G12 and 2F5 neutralizing epitopes were integrated into Env of subtype BC which was without the two epitopes, then the capability of forming pseudovirus and the neutralizing activity against 2G12 and 2F5 were compared with pre-modified Env. Results The special Env neutralizing epitopes of five HIV pseudovirus (BC02, BC03, BC04, BC05 and BC12) were modified. Among the five pseudovirus, BC04 and BC12 pseudovirus can't be formed after the 2G12 epitope was modified, whilst the BC02, BC03 and BC05 pseudovirus can be formed after the 2G12 and 2F5 epitopes were added, and there was no variation of the pseudovirus titer; On the aspect of neutralizing activity, BG03 pseudovirus against 2G12 and 2F5 was enhanced, BC02 and BC05 pseudovirus against 2F5 was enhanced while which against 2G12 was not changed. Conclusion The modification of 2G12 epitope influences the forming of pseudovirus and the addition of neutralizing epitopes can enhance the neutralizing activity of pseudovirus, which offers new approach for the optimization of HIV immunogen.

Objective To study the etiology,diagnosis,treatment and prophylaxis strategy of the urogenital fistula caused by gynecological and obstetrical surgery.Methods Data of 64 cases with urogenital fistula,who were admitted into second hospital of Tianjin medical university and Tianjin first central hospital from January 1992 to December 2012,were analyzed retrospectively.In Tianjin first central hospital,those cases include vesicovaginal fistula in 10,ureterovaginal fistula in 7 and urethro-vaginal fistula in one case.In second hospital of Tianjin medical university,those cases include vesicovaginal fistula in 26,ureterovaginal fistula in 18,urethro-vaginal fistula in 1 and ureterouterine fistula in one case.The median age was 42 years old (range 21-53).The history of diseased ranged from 16 days to 30 years.All patients were diagnosed by methylene blue test,cystoscopy,ureteroscopy,intravenous urography,ultrasound,computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance urography (MRU).The primary fistula was diagnosed in 50 cases and the recurrence was found in 14 cases.Single fistula existed in 56 cases and multiple fistulas were found in 8 cases.In 36 patients with vesicovaginal fistula,transabdominal repair of vesicovaginal fistula (n =20),transpubic surgery (n=10) and transvaginal surgery (n=6) were chosen.In 25 patients with ureterovaginal fistula,ureterocystostomy (n =10),ureterotomy with holmium laser (n =8),ureteral stent placement (n =6) and ureteral stricture excision and bladder-psoas suspension (n=1) were used.Two patients with urethro-vaginal fistulae were cured by the Latzko technique.One patient had uretero-uterine fistula and cured by ureteral stricture excision,ureterocystostomy and bladder-psoas suspension.Results Fifty-five(86％) cases were cured by single-stage surgical treatment and nine patients experienced more than two times of surgical treatment.The incipient patients have a higher success rate of first surgery than recurrent patients (92％ vs.64％,P＜0.05).Single and multiple fistulas have no significant difference about the surgical successive rate (88％ vs.75％,P＞0.05).In cases with vesicovaginal fistula,the success rate of vaginal and abdominal approaches are the same 85％ (P＞0.05).In cases with ureterovaginal fistula,abdominal and endoscopic approaches were 100％ and 85％,respectively (P＞0.05).The mean duration of follow was 20 months (range 3-48).There was no recurrence during follow-up.Conclusions Urogenital fistula caused by gynecological and obstetrical operation can be cured by surgery.Recurrent fistula is a challenge for diagnose and treatment,preoperative need reasonable operation mode to improve the success rate of operation.Both open surgery and endourology approaches are effective treatment options in management the urogenital fistula.

Objective To explore the feasibility of home-based fecal occult blood self-test (home FOBTself-test) in the community colorectal cancer (CRC) screening,thereby to improve the community's compliance with colorectal cancer screening.Method Community medical staff and residents in Dongcheng District was recruited by means of self-reported questionnaires about personal wishes for home FOBT self-test screening since August 2013 to January 2014.Finally,using x2 test and logistic regression analysis to analyze the results of the final questionnaire.Of the total of 6,147 copies of the questionnaire,5 943 copies were valid questionnaires (Community medical staff:resident=114:5 829).Results 88.6％ of community medical staff and 69.1％ of community residents expressed willingness to choose home self-test FOBT.Univariate analysis showed that wishes of community medical staff for FOBT screening were unrelated with gender (P=0.635),age (P=1.000),CRC high-risk or not (P=0.418),awareness of home self-test FOBT(P=0.693).The wishes of community residents for FOBT screening related with gender (P=0.012),age (P=0.000),CRC high-risk or not (P=0.000),awareness of home self-test FOBT (P=0.000).Colorectal cancer risk was the greatest impact on wishes for FOBT screening (OR 值 (95％ CI) =8.594 (7.279-10.148)).Conclusions Home FOBT self-test was simple,fast,easy to use and widely accepted in CRC screening of community residents,therefore it may improve the community's compliance with colorectal cancer screening.Screening for CRC is strongly recommended.

Objective To evaluate the early and mid-term efficacy of endoscopic vein harvesting(EVH) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) in patients over 70 years old.Methods Patients' data of CABG were analyzed retrospectively in General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region from June 2011 to January 2013.400 patients were enrolled in the study according to the inclusion criteria.All patients were divided into two groups by the method of harvesting great saphenous vein (GSV):EVH group (n =200) and open vein harvesting(OVH) group(n =200).Each group was divided into two subgroups:group A(age≥70 years old) and group B (age ＜ 70 years old).The number of the group A was 85 in the EVH group and 79 in the OVH group.The number of the group B was 115 in the EVH group and 121 in the OVH group.The intraoperative findings,the quality of GSV and postoperative pain were evaluated,patients were followed up regularly after discharge.Results The postoperative complications occurred in the EVH group such as numbness and edema of lower limb in group A reduced greatly compared with group B(P ＜ 0.05).However,in the OVH group,there were no great difference in group A and group B(P ＞ 0.05) besides the postoperative pain (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The early and mid-term efficacy of EVH undergoing CABG is satisfied,especially in the patients over 70 years old.