In recent years,the incidence of iatrogenic bile duct injury has increased.The traditional treatment methods often cause severe complications,such as biliary-enteric anastomosis,which removes the sphincter of Oddi's function.With the development and potential translational use of engineered tissue,surgeons have focused on keeping normal physiological function after operations.In this manuscript,we review the strategy to repair bile duct defects without sacrificing the sphincter of Oddi' s function.This article may be referenced for clinical research.

ObjectiveStudy the relationship among CaSR expression, tubulointerstitial damage,metabolic disturbance of calcium and phosphorus and microvascular density around the tubulointerstitium in children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome.Methods36 cases of children with primary nephrotic syndrome were divided into hormone-sensitive group and steroid-resistant group.Semi-quantitative scores for tubulointerstitial pathological evaluation of the extent of damage, automatic biochemical analyzer for the determination of serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) concentration of renal tubular epithelial CaSR expression and microvessel microvascular density around the tubulointerstitium were determined by immunohistochemical assay.ResultsMore severe the tubulointerstitial damage, lower level of serum Ca and higher level of serum P were observed [(2.26 ± 0.15) mmol/L]in children of the steroid-resistant group and the steroid-sensitive group [(1.90 + 0.12) mmol/L, P ＜ 0.05].CaSR expression (4.63 + 0.78) of renal tubular epithelial cells in the steroid- sensitive group was significantly lower than that in the steroid-resistant group (6.56 + 1.22, P ＜ 0.05), but microvascular density was significantly higher in the steroid- sensitive group(2.98 +0.35 vs 2.02 +0.24, P ＜0.05).When the tubulointerstitial damage was mild, CaSR expression (4.15 +0.58) in renal tubular epithelial cells in the steroid- sensitive group (4.26 ±0.61) was lower than the steroid-resistant group(3.12 ± 0.33; 3.01 ± 0.21), and microvascular density was higher,but the difference was not significant(P ＞0.05).In the moderate tubulointerstitial damage, CaSR expression in renal tubular epithelial cells in the steroid- sensitive group (5.35 ± 0.64) was significantly lower than the resistant group (7.37 +0.81, P ＜0.01), and microvascular density was significantly higher than the resistant group (2.81 ±0.16, 2.02 ±0.14, P ＜0.05).Compared by mild and moderate tubulointerstitial damage in children with the steroid-resistant, CaSR expression (11.46 ± 1.38) in children with severe tubulointerstitial damage was significantly increased, and microvascular density (1.15 ± 0.11) was significantly decreased (all P ＜ 0.01).ConclusionsCaSR expression was increased and microvascular density around the tubulointerstitium was decreased in children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome.Dut to steroid resistance, the cytotoxic of steroid damaged the renal tubular epithelial cells, the metabolic disturbance of calcium and phosphorus and the damage of blood vessel endothelium finally resulted in severe tubulointerstitial damage.

Objective To investigate the relationship between expressions of multidurg resistance associated factors and chemosensitivity of 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) in lymph node metastases(LNMs) of colon carcinoma.Methods The chemosensitivity to 5-FU was measured by MTT assay,and the expressions of P-gp,GST-?,p53,survivin,Bcl-2 and Bax were determined immunohistochemically in 48 paired primary tumor(PT) and LNMs of colon carcinoma.Results The inhibition rates of LNMs cells for 5-FU were higher than that of PT(P

Objective To investigate the relationship between expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), glutathione S-transferase-π (GST-π) and chemosensitivities in lymph node metastases (LNMs) of gastrointestinal carcinomas. Methods Tumor chemosesitivities to 9 drugs was measured by MTT assay, and the expression of P-gp and GST-π were determined immunohistochemically in primary tumor (PT) and LNMs of gastrointestinal carcinomas in 54 patients. Results The P-gp expression was detected in 22% cases (k= -0.0133, P =0.8698) for beth PT and LNMs, and of GST-π in 50% (k =0. 1137, P= 0. 1496). Expression of P-gp and GST-π in LNMs were stronger eompared with PT (Z = -3. 0448, Z = -2. 1178, both P <0. 05). The inhibition rates of LNMs cells for VCR, OPT, OXA, DDP and MTX were lower than those to PT (all P < 0. 05), but for VP-16 it was higher (P < 0. 05). In PT, there were negative correlation between expression of P-gp and inhibition rates of tumor cells for 5-FU, VCR and PTX respectively (r = -0. 4142 ～ -0. 5712, all P <0. 05), and GST-π for 5-FU, VCR, OPT and PTX as well (r = -0. 3927 ～ -0. 4951, all P <0. 05). In LNMs, negative correlation between expression of P-gp and inhibition rates of tumor cells for VP-16, PTX and eADM were found statistically (r = - 0. 3802 ～ - 0. 4624, all P < 0. 05), and also GST-π for 5-FU, VCR and DDP (r = - 0. 3996 ～ - 0. 5345, all P < 0. 05). Conclusions The LNMs of gastrointestinal carcinomas are heterogeneous with respect to expression of mdr-related factors and response to chemotherapy, and more resistant than the PT for chemotherapeutants. Effective adjuvant chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancers depends on targeting the metastatic component of the tumor.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of inhibition of apoptosis proteins like p53,survivin,bcl-2 and chemosensitivities in gastrointestinal tract carcinomas.Methods The expression of p53,survivin and bcl-2 were determined immunohjstochemically,and the chemosenisitivities to 9 drugs was measured by MTT assay in 84 tissue specimens of gastrointestinal carcinomas.Resuits Positive immunostainning for p53,survivin and bcl-2 were found in 64%,89%and 61%of cases.respectively.Correlation existed between the expression of Sllrvivin and bcl-2(r=0.3027,P＜0.05).In terms of relationship between expression of p53,survivin or bcl-2 and inhibition rates of tumor cells.the inhibition rates to PTX and DDP in p53 strong expression group were lower than those in weak group(t=2.1282,P:0.0363;t=3.8850,P=0.0002).When survivin expressed strongly,the inhibition rates for VCR and DDP decreased significantly(t=2.1693,P=0.0329;t=2.0247,P=0.0046),while that for OXA increased(t=-2.9070,P:0.0047).here were lower tumor inhibition rates for 5-FU.VCR,eADM and OXA in bcl-2 strong expression group than those in weak group(t=2.1483～3.2330,P=0.0347～0.0018,respectively).Conclusions The extent of the expression of P53.survivin or bcl-2 in gastrointestinal carcinomas was associated with the chemosensitivities of some drugs.In assessing the influence of p53,survivin or bcl-2 on durg resistance,many factors and mechanisms should be considered.

BACKGROUND: Security of organ donor attracts more attention, because donor complication and transplantation failure always occur following renal transplantation. Therefore, living-related kidney transplantation should be paid much attention in order to make sure life and quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety of living-related kidney transplantation. METHODS: A total of 38 cases of living relative donor kidney transplantation were retrospectively analyzed. Before transplantation, identify of patients should be determined, and all patients provided the informed consent. The general data of patients were sufficiently dialyzed before transplantation to improve the body status. TacroUmus or mixture of cyclosporine A, mycophenolate, and adrenal cortex hormone were administrated following transplantation to observe renal function, complication incidence, and acute rejection reaction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Due to short waiting time, low price, and long-term survival rate, living-relative donor kidney transplantation has low risk factor, s for donor. However, the safety still needs to be sufficiently evaluated for donors and recipients.

A novel simple,sensitive fluorescence immunosensing method based on aptamer-plasmid complex amplification was developed. This method utilized the specific recognition between antibody and antigen as well as aptamer-plasmid complex and the intercalation of fluorescence dye SYBR Green Ⅰ in the groove of duplex plasmid DNA in detection of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor BB (PDGF-BB). The immunoassay was performed in the microtiter wells in which rabbit anti PDGF-BB antibody was immobilized. The PDGF BB analyte was captured by the primary antibody and then sandwiched by the aptamer-plasmid DNA complex. The introduction of fluorescence dye SYBR Green Ⅰ allows for the detection of the sandwiched immunocomplex of antibody/anigen/aptamer-plasmid complex. Under the optimized conditions of salt concentration,ratio of aptamer to PUC19,and SYBR Green Ⅰ concentration,the proposed method offers a linear detection range from 0.2 μg/L to 200 μg/L with a detection limit of 0.1μg/L.

Objective To probe into the clinical features, ways of diagnosis and treatment measures of concurrent paratyphoid fever A after renal transplantation. Methods The 5 patients were all town or village people under the county level. After the operation, the immunosuppressive scheme of ciclosporin A (or Tacrolimus) + mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) + prednisone acetate was adopted. One case was caused by catching cold and the rest 4 had no any distinct inducement. Five patients fell ill respectively at the 5th, 7th, 7th, 9th and 14th month after the operation. On the admission, the 5 patients suffered from gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea to varying degrees; 3 from toxic symptoms such as fever, intolerance of cold, hypodynamia and headache; 3 from symptoms of the respiratory system such as stuffy nose and congestion of throat; 1 from elevation of blood pressure; 1 from relative slow pulse. In 3 patients with decrease of urine volume, 1 suffered from gross hematuria, swelling of transplanted area of the kidney, pain on pressure and rise of blood pressure. Only 1 patient's paratyphoid fever A antibody in the Widal's test gastroenteritis or untoward reaction of MMF and the curative effect was bad. After definite diagnoses,the combined treatment of the third-generation cephalosporin and FQNS were given to all of them.After treatment for 7-10 days, the symptoms in all patients all disappeared. During the treatment, 1 patient was diagnosed as acute rejection and given the methylprednisolone shock for 3 days. After that, the patient's graft function was improved; 3 patients suffered from relatively great fluctuation of blood concentration of immunosuppressive agent and toxic symptoms such as decrease of the graft function, etc. After adjustment of dosage, their indicators of renal function became normal. Conclusion Early symptoms and accessory examinations of paratyphoid fever A after renal transplantation lack specificities. Diagnosis of paratyphoid fever A after renal transplantation mainly depends on blood culture. Drugs of first choice include FQNS and the third-generation cephalosporin. During the treatment, the doctor should closely monitor blood concentration of the immunosuppressive agent.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Saposhnikovia divaricata extract combined with arsenic trioxide (ATO) on the proliferation and apoptosis in chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells. MethodsSaposhnikovia divaricata extract was prepared.Cultured K562 cells were treated with different concentration of Saposhnikovia divaricataextract or/and ATO for 48h. Cell proliferation was determined using the MTT assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle were detected using flow cytometry.ResultsThe MTT assay showed that Saposhnikovia divaricata extract of 750,1 000,1 250,1 500 μg/ml had a significantly proliferation inhibitory effect compared with control group, the inhibitory rates were 23.29% ± 3.31%, 48.30% ± 2.50%, 79.62% ± 3.41% and 88.94% ± 0.06%, respectively (allP<0.05); Saposhnikovia divaricata extract of 500 μg/ml combined with ATO of 1.0, 0.5 μg/ml significantly increased inhibitor rates compared with ATO of 1.0, 0.5 μg/ml (64.99% ± 5.18%vs. 44.48% ± 3.31%,38.59% ± 3.88%vs.26.30% ± 5.03%; allP<0.05). FCM showed that Saposhnikovia divaricata extract of 500 μg/ml combined with ATO of 2.0, 1.0, 0.5 μg/ml significantly increased apoptotic rate compared with ATO group of 2.0, 1.0, 0.5 μg/ml (33.97% ± 0.59%vs.20.97% ± 2.17%, 13.53% ± 0.47%vs.9.77%±0.64%、6.63%±&0.40%vs.4.00%±0.46%; allP<0.05 ). Cell cycle results showed that Saposhnikovia divaricata extract of 500μg/ml combined with ATO of 2.0,1.0, 0.5μg/ml significantly increased the rate of S phase compared with ATO group of 2.0, 1.0, 0.5 μg/ml (60.25 ± 2.59%vs.55.61 ± 1.28%, 60.89 ± 1.53%vs.37.96 ± 1.02%, 47.76 ± 0.87%vs.39.90 ± 0.92%; allP<0.05).ConclusionsSaposhnikovia divaricataextract could obviously inhibit the proliferation of K562 cells and enhance the apoptotic effect of ATO. ATO could induce a G2/M phase arrest, while Saposhnikovia divaricata extract combined with ATO could induce a S phase arrest in K562 cells.

Objective To investigate the polymorphism of Brucella melitensis biovar 3 ( B.melitensis biovar 3) strains isolated from Guangdong province .Methods PCR assays followed by agar-ose gel electrophoresis and capillary electrophoresis based on the multiple locus variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) were performed to analyze 43 clinic isolates of B.melitensis biovar 3 strains isolated from clinical patients in Guangdong province .Results MLVA typing showed that the simi-larities of the analyzed locus among 43 strains of Brucella ranged from 68.2%to 100%.32 genotypes identi-fied among the isolates were identical (100%similarity).27 out of 43 strains (62.8%) were single geno-types, while the other 16 strains (37.2%) belonged to 5 other genotypes with 2 to 5 strains in each of them . Conclusion B.melitensis biovar 3 isolates showed polymorphism distribution in Guangdong province as in-dicated by MLVA typing analysis .Single-genotype isolates accounted for 62.8% of all studied strains.No predominant genotype was found among all isolates .