0.05).Conclusion The MVD and micrometastasis of regional lymph nodes,which act as the supplement parameter of TNM stages of esophageal cancer for T and N factors,are the important prognosis factors for esophageal cancer.

BACKGROUND: The stomach is usually used to substitute the diseased esophagus, which will change the physical digestive passage and results in some complications, such as back-streaming, poor food intake, and dyspepsia. If there is an artificial esophagus to replace the diseased esophagus, then the complications would be greatly reduced, and surgical procedures would be simplified. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of artificial prosthesis of titanium-nickel alloy and silicone on repairing esophageal defect after part excision of esophagus. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An in vivo observation experiment based on animals was performed at the animal laboratory of Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College between May 1999 and May 2001. MATERIALS: Sixteen pigs of either gender, weighting 30 35 kg, were included. The artificial esophagus constructed by titanium-nickel alloy and silicone were provided by General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals. Its length was 10 cm and its internal diameter was 20 mm. Its inner layer was made of silicone and its outer layer was titanium-nickel alloy net. METHODS: A segment of 7-cm thoracic esophagus was resected and was replaced by an artificial prosthesis constructed by titanium-nickel alloy and silicone. At 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 weeks, as well as 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 months after surgery, animals were sacrificed to take specimens. Sedal slices were stained by hematoxylin-eosin for pathological examination. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Autopsy and histopathological findings of neo-esophagus. RESULTS: Of initial 16 pigs, 1 died owing to shock caused by hemorrhee, 1 died of excessive anesthesia, and the remaining 14 pigs survived a period from 7 days to 1 year. Following sacrifice, some vomicas containing yellow and white liquor purls on the chest wall of 4 pigs were observed, which were wrapped but did not communicate the thoracic cavity. One artificial esophagus was not in place but found in the stomach. One artificial esophagus was twisted and formed an esophagus diverticulum. The false passage around the prosthesis formed so long as the animals survived more than 1 week, which was called as neo-esophagus. The neo-esophagus was constructed primadly by granulation tissue within approximately 2 weeks, and then fibrous connective tissue replaced it. Four weeks later, esophageal epithelial cells covered the internal cavity of the "nee-esophagus". At this time, neonatal smooth muscle cells could be observed, but gland regeneration was not found. Following artificial esophagus displacement, the middle segment of "neo-esophagus" presented with stenosis to different degrees. The stenosis segment tended to stabilize with time (approximately 6 months later). CONCLUSION: Esophageal defect within a certain range of length can be repaired by an artificial esophagus constructed by titanium-nickel alloy and silicone.

AIM To investigate the effects of trifluoperazine on naloxone precipitated withdrawal symptoms in morphine dependent rats and mice, and its pharmacological mechanisms. METHODS\ Naloxone precipitated tests in morphine dependent rats and mice were used. RESULTS\ Trifluoperazine(2～20 mg?kg -1 ) dose dependently inhibited naloxone precipitated withdrawal jumping, wet dog shakes, paw tremor and weight loss in morphine dependent mice. With ip trifluoperazine (5～20 mg?kg -1 ), most of positive withdrawal symptoms, including jumping, wet dog shakes, defeacation, weight loss, teeth chattering, salivation, diarrhea, ptosis and irritating, induced by naloxone in morphine dependent rats were significantly reduced. Apomorphine (2～8 mg?kg -1 ), a mixed DA 1/DA 2 receptor agonist, did not affect inhibition of trifluoperazine on naloxone precipitated withdrawal symptoms in morphine dependent mice. However, nifedipine(5～20 mg?kg -1 ), a L type voltage sensitive calcium channel blocker, enhanced a pharmacological action of trifluoperazine against naloxone precipitated symptoms in morphine dependent mice. CONCLUSION\ Trifluoperazine attenuates naloxone precipitated withdrawal symptoms in morphine dependent rats and mice by inhibiting the activity of post receptor calmodulin, but it does not antagonizes DA 2 receptor, in central nervous system.

Objective To investigate the antenatal influencing factors associated with birth weight of twins and the risk factors for the occurrence of discordant twins. Methods Totally, 834 twins delivered at the Third Affiliated Hospital from January 2000 to December 2009 and the First Affiliated Hospital of SUN Yat-sen University, from January 2000 to June 2009, were recruited in the study. The diagnosis criteria of discordant twins was intrapair birth weight difference more than 25 %.Antenatal factors on birth weight were retrospectively investigated among twins and discordant twins respectively with Logistic analysis. Results (1) There were several factors associated with birth weight of twins, including maternal age, conceptive style, chorionicity, gestational diabetes mellitus and placental cord insertion ( P = 0. 021, 0. 000, 0. 000, 0. 012 and 0. 017, respectively). While hypertensive disorder in pregnancy, parity and fetal gender differences were not associated with the birth weight of twins (P＞0.05). Hypertensive disorder in pregnancy (OR=2. 600, 95% CI:1. 566-4. 316) and monochorionicity (OR= 1. 833, 95% CI: 1.010-3. 582) were risk factors of discordant twins. All 834 twin pregnancies were divided into 4 groups according to materal age, ＜25 yrs (n=69), 25-30 yrs (n=312), 30-35 yrs (n=325) and ≥35 yrs (n=128). The average birth weight of twins were (2205±483) g, (2347±406) g, (2381±439) g and (2352±455) g. Significant difference was found bewteen every two groups (P＜0. 05) except that between the 30-35 yrs and ≥35 yrs group (P＞0.05). Among twins of different gender (n=270), the average birth weight of boys and girls were (2416±-514) g and (2322±488) g, and that of female twins (n=272) and male twins (n=292) were (2301±418) g and (2381±428) g. Significant difference was shown between every two groups (P＜0.05) except that between the male twins and male fetus of twins of different gender (P＞0.05).Conclusions The fetal birth weight of twins decreases remarkably when maternal age ＜25, or monochorionicity twins, or complicated with marginal or velamentous placental cord insertion or female pairs.However, birth weight of twins would increase if the pregnancy conceived by assisted reproductive technology or complicated with gestational diabetes mellitus. Twin pregnancy complicated with hypertensive disorder in pregnancy or monochorionicity should alert the clinicians of discordance twins.

Objective To explore the risk factors of diabetic nephropathy.Methods According to the excretion rate of proteinuria,90 patients were divided into 3 groups:normal diabetic proteinuria group (DM),diabetic micro-proteinuria group (DN1),and clinical diabetic proteinuria group (DN2).We compared patients'ages,diabetic course,cholesterol,triglyceride,glycosylated hemoglobin,high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL),serum p-selectin,serum C-reactive protein,urinary monocyte chemotactic protein,and proteinuria excretion rate.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relation between DN and various factors.Results Differences among these groups were statistically significant in type 2 diabetic course,HDL,LDL,p-selectin,C-reactive protein,glycosylated hemoglobin,and urinary monocyte chemotactic protein (P ＜ 0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that diabetic course,LDL,C-reactive protein,p-selectin,and urinary monocyte chemotactic protein were independent risk factor (OR values were 2.238,1.062,6.723,1.166,and 1.046).Conclusions Occurrence and severity of DN had relationship with course of diabetes,microvascular lesions,and inflammatory reaction.Emphasis on monitoring and evaluation of the DN-related factors would contribute to the prevention and treatment of DN.

Objective To observe the interventional effect of Qingqihuatan Decoction on airway inflammation and inflammatory reaction of lung tissue in asthmatic mouse.Methods Forty-five BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the normal control group(CON),asthmatic model group(MOD),dexamethasone group(TRE),Qingqihuatan Decoction group(X1) and Qingqihuatan Decoction combined dexamethasone group(X2).The asthmatic mouse model was established by the sensitization and inhalation of OVA and aluminium hydroxide gel.The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was performed the cell counts and eosinophil counts,and the pathological changes of lung tissue were observed.Results Compared with CON group,BALF cell count and eosinophil count in the model group were increased obviously,which in the treatment group were significantly decreased.The effect of the X1 group and X2 group had statistical difference between on 5 d and 15 d.(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01);the treatment groups could reduce the pathogenical infiltration,lung bullae production and airway epithelial thickening of mouse lung tissue,especially the inflammation damage in X2 group was mild.Conclusion Qingqihuatan Decoction can relieve the airway inflammation and improves the lung tissue inflammatory response in model mouse.

BACKGROUND: Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is possibly related to regulation of various cell signals that are derived from aqueous uveoscleral outflow pathway.OBJECTIVE: To explore effect of travoprost on the expression of NF-κB and inhibitor-κB (I-κB) in human ciliary muscle cells cultured in vitro. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A contrast study, which was performed in the Laboratory of Zhongshan Ophthalmology Center from March 2005 to November 2006.MATERIALS: Eyeballs were obtained from the youth who died due to other diseases except eye disease no more than one hour. The relatives voluntarily provided the informed consent.METHODS: Travoprost (1 μmol/L) was added in human ciliary muscle cell culture medium, and then the samples were divided into four groups according to culture time, including 0-hour (control group), 6-hour, 12-hour, and 24-hour experimental groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Expression of mRNA and protein of NF-κB p65 and I-κBα in the four groups by using real-time RT-PCR, immunofluorescence relative quantitative analysis and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques. RESULTS: As compared to control group, mRNA expression of NF-κB p65 in the 6-hour, 12-hour, and 24-hour experimental groups was decreased (F=17.068, P=0.001); while mRNA expression of I-κBα was not changed remarkably in the 6-hour and 12-hour experimental groups (P > 0.05), but the expression was significantly higher than that in the 24-hour experimental group (F=32.742, P=0.000). Immunofluorescence relative quantitative analysis showed that the fluorescence intensity of NF-κB p65 in the 6-hour, 12-hour, and 24-hour experimental groups were weaker than that in the 0-hour control group (F=17.216, P=0.000); additionally, as compared to 0-hour control group, fluorescence intensity of I-κBα in the 6-hour experimental group was not changed remarkably (P=0.134), that in the 12-hour experimental group was weakened (P=0.032), and that in the 24-hour experimental group was strengthened (F=17.346, P=0.001). ELISA revealed that expression of phosphorylated NF-κB p65 was decreased gradually by the time of being induced by travoprost (F=15.4, P=0.001). CONCLUSION: Travoprost can down-regulate mRNA expression of NF-κB p65, inhibit nuclear translocation, and up-regulate mRNA expression of I-κBα in human ciliary muscle cells.

Objective To evaluate the early and mid-term efficacy of endoscopic vein harvesting(EVH) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) in patients over 70 years old.Methods Patients' data of CABG were analyzed retrospectively in General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region from June 2011 to January 2013.400 patients were enrolled in the study according to the inclusion criteria.All patients were divided into two groups by the method of harvesting great saphenous vein (GSV):EVH group (n =200) and open vein harvesting(OVH) group(n =200).Each group was divided into two subgroups:group A(age≥70 years old) and group B (age ＜ 70 years old).The number of the group A was 85 in the EVH group and 79 in the OVH group.The number of the group B was 115 in the EVH group and 121 in the OVH group.The intraoperative findings,the quality of GSV and postoperative pain were evaluated,patients were followed up regularly after discharge.Results The postoperative complications occurred in the EVH group such as numbness and edema of lower limb in group A reduced greatly compared with group B(P ＜ 0.05).However,in the OVH group,there were no great difference in group A and group B(P ＞ 0.05) besides the postoperative pain (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The early and mid-term efficacy of EVH undergoing CABG is satisfied,especially in the patients over 70 years old.

This study was aimed to objectively evaluate the validity and safety of normalized Tuina massage thera-py on the treatment of 240 infants with acute diarrhea, thus disseminate and promote the application of infantile Tuina massage therapy. This study is a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of 240 cases with acute infantile diarrhea. The experimental group (180 cases) was treated with Tuina massage therapy. The main acupoints are Pi-jing, Da-chang, Lan-men. And the combining acupoint is San-guan. In the control group (60 cases), the pa-tients were orally administered with Smecta. The statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS 15.0. The compre-hensive curative effect, time point effect, safety and technical stability of infantile Tuina massage were evaluated in the treatment of acute diarrhea. The results showed that the comprehensive effect of cure rate in the experi-mental group was 75.6% (136/180), and that of the control group was 21.7% (13/60). It showed that the effect in the experimental group was significantly better than the control group (P < 0.001). Time point effect showed that the TCM Syndrome Total Score was significantly improved in experimental group compared with control group ( P < 0 . 001 ) . Tuina massage techniques were stable in each research center ( P > 0 . 05 ) . Furthermore , there was no side effect in both groups. It was concluded that the infantile massage technique is an effective therapy for the treatment of acute diarrhea . Meanwhile , it is a safe and stable therapy and is worth popularizing .

BACKGROUND:Travoprost can increase human ciliary muscle cell interspace, decrease uveoscleral outflow resistance and then decrease intraocular pressure. But whether this action pathway is conducted by enhancing the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in the ciliary muscle cells remains unclear.OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of travoprost on the expression of MMP-2 in the human ciliary muscle cells.DESIGN:Controlled observation analysis.SETTING:Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center,Sun Yat-sen University.MATERIALS:This study was Carried out in the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center,Sun Yat-sen University between August 2005 and April 2006.Donor was from the unilateral eyeball of a youth patient,who was dead within one hour,had no any disease (informed consent was obtained from the relatives) in the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University.Rabbit anti.human MMP-2 polyclonal antibody (Boster Bioengineering Co.,Ltd,Wuhan),and travoprost (86610F,0.004% solution,ALCON company.USA) were used in this study.METHODS: Experimental intervention: 1μmol/L travoprost was added into bovine serum-free medium of human ciliary muscle cell, serving as experimental group,and meanwhile,the cells which were not interfered by drugs were taken as control group.In the experimental group,cells were harvested 6, 12,and 24 hours after travoprost being added.Experimental evaluation:MMP-2 gene and protein expressions in the human ciliary muscle cells in each group were detected by RT-PCR and ELISA methods.The activity of MMP-2 in each group was detected by Zymography technique.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:MMP-2 mRNA expression in the human ciliary muscle cell,MMP-2 protein expression and MMP-2 activity in the extracellular fluid.RESULTS:①In the experimental group, at 6,12 and 24 hours after travoprost being added,the relative expression of MMP-2 mRNA was gradually increased (F=236.959,P＜0.01).②In the experimental group,at 6,12 and 24 hours after travoprost being added,MMP-2 protein was also gradually increased with time (F=38.110,P＜0.01).③Zymography technique detection showed that in the experimental group,at 6,12 and 24 hours after travoprost adding,MMP-2 activity was gradually enhanced with time (F=74.348,P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:After human ciliary muscle cell cultured in vitro being subjected to the intervention of travoprost.MMP-2 expression is gradually increased with action time of travoprost, and meanwhile MMP-2 activity is also gradually enhanced.