Immunosenescence is a biological process featured by the structural and functional decline of immunity in ageing people,which favors the carcinogenesis by rendering the body's immune surveillance and tumor escape.Decreasing clearance of tumor cells by macrophages and natural killer cell reflects the immunosenescence of innate immune,also,the tumor antigen presentation ability of dendritic cell is decreased.While,the decline of the CD8 + T cells cytotoxic effect and the secretion of tumor growth factor accounts for the immunosenescence of adaptive immunity.Intervention of immunosenescence may produce the novelty ideas of prevention and treatment of cancer.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), as the seeds of tumor metastasis, manage to escape from immune clearance both in microen-vironment and in peripheral blood. CTCs can also facilitate formation of pre-existing environment, which is the crucial step in metasta-sis. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), as a group of immunosuppressive cells derived from bone marrow cells, may play a key role in this process. In this review, the progress in MDSC and its role in the formation, survival, and immune escape of CTCs were exten-sively discussed to explore a new target for tumor immunotherapy.

Objective To observe the therapeutic efficacy of endoscopic pancreaticobiliary duct drainage for acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Methods 41 cases of acute necrotizi ng pancreatitis were randomly divided into pancreaticobiliary duct drainage (21 causes) group and control group (20 cases).Results The procedure was successful in all 21 cases. The difference bet ween the two groups was statistically significant including hospital stay 〔(2 8?12) days vs. (37?19) days,P

Objective To observe the interventional effect of Qingqihuatan Decoction on airway inflammation and inflammatory reaction of lung tissue in asthmatic mouse.Methods Forty-five BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the normal control group(CON),asthmatic model group(MOD),dexamethasone group(TRE),Qingqihuatan Decoction group(X1) and Qingqihuatan Decoction combined dexamethasone group(X2).The asthmatic mouse model was established by the sensitization and inhalation of OVA and aluminium hydroxide gel.The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was performed the cell counts and eosinophil counts,and the pathological changes of lung tissue were observed.Results Compared with CON group,BALF cell count and eosinophil count in the model group were increased obviously,which in the treatment group were significantly decreased.The effect of the X1 group and X2 group had statistical difference between on 5 d and 15 d.(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01);the treatment groups could reduce the pathogenical infiltration,lung bullae production and airway epithelial thickening of mouse lung tissue,especially the inflammation damage in X2 group was mild.Conclusion Qingqihuatan Decoction can relieve the airway inflammation and improves the lung tissue inflammatory response in model mouse.

BACKGROUND: Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE) is the primary cause of neonatal brain injury, which retards the mental development in affected infants.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of early intervention on mental and psychological development in infants with HIE, study the time-effect relation of the early intervention, and to find an optimal time for intervention.DESIGN: A time series of following-up and a non-randomized concurrent controlled investigation.SETTING: Xiangya Hospital and Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated to Central South University.PARTICIPANTS: From February 1999 to May 2001, in the Pediatric Department of Xiangya Hospital Affiliated to the Central South University, the inpatient and outpatient infants with HIE were selected. There were 32 inpatients in the intervention group, 10 with moderate HIE and 22 with severe HIE. There were 36 outpatients in the control group, 10 with moderate HIE and 26 with severe HIE. Comparison was performed between these two groups.METHODS: BRS and the Infant and Child Mental Development Scales,made by The Institute of Psychology of The Chinese Academy of Science and The China National Children' s Center(CNCC), were adopted in the assessment between the two groups.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mental Development Index(MDI) and Psychomotor Development Index(PDI) scores of the two groups were compared.were significantly higher in the intervention group(90.50 ± 11.12/90. 34±12.49,94.06±14.96/92.03±13.07,90.78±7.46/91.38 ± 13.87)than those in the control group(62.28±7.44/62.67±6.06, 59.11following-up results showed that one patient in the intervention group had a MDI score at the critical threshold value, and two patients had PDI scores at the critical threshold value. For all the other patients in this group, the MDI/PDI scores of them were above the moderate range. In contrast, all the 36 infants in control group had developed mental deficiencies at that time.CONCLUSION: A quantifiable effect of the intervention can be observed in patients at 3 months of life. This indicates that an early intervention is essential for improving the mental development in infants with HIE.

Objective To explore the current situation of knowledge,beliefs and behavior of elderly patients with COPD during their community-based rehabilitation.Methods Phenomenological research method of qualitative research was used,14 elderly patients with COPD during their community-based rehabilitation period received in-depth interviews.Results There were three themes and corresponding subthemes sublimated from the patients:self-management knowledge and skills,self-management beliefs and attitudes and self-management behavior.Conclusions It is necessary to pay close attention to spreading disease related health information,especially for patients with low health literacy.During the process of COPD self-management projects,we should focus on negative beliefs and negative attitudes on their selfmanagement behavior choice,which is as important as strengthening the patients' self-efficacy.

AIM: To investigate the effect of peripheral administration of arginine vasopressin (AVP) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced fever and hyperalgesia in rats and its relationship with interleukine-1β (IL-1β) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2).METHODS: The core temperature (Tc), brown adipose tissue (BAT) temperature and activity were measured by telemetry in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats at an ambient temperature of 23 ℃ during a 12 h light/12 h dark photoperiod (lights on at 06:00 and lights off at 18:00).The rats were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (50 μg/kg), AVP (10 μg/kg) or V1a vasopressin receptor antagonist (V1a antagonist, 30 μg/kg) at 10:00 or 11:30.Hyperalgesia was assessed by measuring the latency to withdraw a hindpaw from radiant heat (Hargreaves test).The concentrations of IL-1β and PGE2 in the serum were tested by ELISA.RESULTS: Intraperitoneal administration of LPS induced periods of biphasic fever accompanied by hyperalgesia.AVP reversed LPS-induced fever, and decreased the hyperalgesia and BAT thermogenesis.Peripheral administration of V1a antagonist enhanced the fever produced by LPS, but did not affect the hyperalgesia.AVP significantly attenuated LPS-induced IL-1β and PGE2 production.CONCLUSION: Peripheral administration of AVP reverses LPS-induced fever and decreases hyperalgesia by reduction of BAT thermogenesis and inhibition of IL-1β and PGE2.Endogenous AVP attenuates the fever induced by LPS, but does not affect the nociceptive thresholds.

Metastasis is the leading cause of death in patients with lung cancer .Circulating tumor cells (CTCs)play a key role in the process of distant metastasis .In recent years,research results have shown that CTCs may become a emerging marker and new target in the treatment of lung cancer .In this article,we elaborate the clinical significance of CTCs in lung cancer from the way of diagnosis and clinical staging ,metastasis and recur-rence,individual treatment and prognosis and so on ,so that we can provide a new direction for the treatment of lung cancer .

0.05). CONCLUSION BDP do not cause adrenal suppression on therapeutic doses of 400 microgram/day after 4 weeks of use.

0.05), but changed to be significant after stimulation in the rats stimulated respectively with formalin and saline (P